Objective To study the respiratory and circulatory changes in elderly patients, and their relationship with pulmonary complications after thoracotomy. Methods 58 elderly patients either aged over 75 years, with major organ dysfunction or underwent highly invasive procedures (group 1). Respiratory and circulatory status, including arterial blood gas under room air, water balance, urine gravity, and hemodynamics monitoring through pulmonary artery catheter were documented. The results were compared with those from 56 young patient controls receiving thoracotomy in the same period (group 2). Results All 12 patients having pulmonary complications were from group 1 (group 1A). Ten of them presented on the 2nd or 3rd postoperative day with hypoxemia. The other 2 died of type II respiratory failure after severe infection. Preoperative pulmonary co-morbidity (P=0.026, Exp(B)=5.4) and obesity (P=0.043, Exp(B)=4.9) were identified as independent risk factors for pulmonary complications after thoracotomy in elderly patients. During the first 3 postoperative days, PaO_2 of group 1A was significantly lower than group 2 as well as the other elderly patients who did not develop pulmonary complications after surgery (Group 1B). PaCO_2 of group 1A and 1B were significantly lower than group 2. There were also significant differences between the three groups in water balance on the first postoperative day (group 1A +832ml, P=0.006 vs. group 1B +109ml, P=0.004 vs. group 2 -243ml ). Urine gravity in group 1A was also significantly higher than in group 2 in the first 3 postoperative days. Pulmonary artery catheter monitoring revealed increased cardiac output and decreased systemic vascular resistance, showing a hyperdynamic status, in elderly patients after surgery. Pulmonary vascular resistance was elevated in the same time. Conclusion Pulmonary co-morbidities commonly seen in elderly patients are responsible for pulmonary complications, the major cause of surgical mortality after thoracotomy. Hypoxemia in the early postoperative period is mainlycaused by relative volume overloading from trauma induced interstitial edema. Close monitoring of arterial blood gas under room air, water balance, and urine gravity after thoracotomy may identify elderly patients at risk of developing pulmonary complication and prompt timely intervention.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qingpeng ointment in the treatment of chronic eczema.MethodsTotally,95 patients with chronic eczema were enrolled and divided into 3 groups to receive topical Qingpeng ointment (n =33),0.2％ hydrocortisone cream (n =32),10％ urea ointment (n =30) respectively twice a day for 4 weeks.All the patients were followed up once a week for the evaluation of therapeutic and side effects.ResultsAfter 4-week treatment,the response rate was 78.8％,84.4％ and 46.7％ in the Qingpeng ointment-,hydrocortisone cream- and urea ointment-treated patients respectively.Significant differences were observed in the response rate between the Qingpeng ointment- and urea ointment-treated patients (P ＜ 0.05 ),but not between the hydrocortisone cream- and Qingpeng ointment-treated patients (P ＞0.05).Skin flushing with a sensation of burning was observed at the application sites of 2 patients treated with Qingpeng ointment,and tingling sensation at the application sites was reported in 1 patient treated with hydrocortisone cream.All of these adverse reactions were tolerable and had no influence on the treatment.Conclusion Topical Qingpeng ointment is effective and safe for the treatment of chronic eczema.

Objective The aim to assess the methodology and feasibility of ultrasound guided percutaneous thrombin injection(UGTI) for the treatment of Iarogenic Femoral Arterial Complexity Pseudoaneurysms(IFACP).Methods Thirty two iarogenic femoral arterial complexity pseudoaneurysms patients following femoral arerial puncture for arterial angiography were treated with UGTI.Twenty-three IFACP with 2 lobes,8 IFACP with 3 lobes,1 IFACP with 4 lobes.Under local anesthesia the lobe was pene trated by artery needle successively and thrombin jection was performed slowely into distal lobe with US guide precise localization.Dynamical observation was performed for the status of thrombogenesis and cavity plugging.US follow-up examination were performed after 24 h and 7 d.Results Reperfusion occurred in IFACP with 3 lobes after 24 h and UGTI failure.IFACPs with 4 lobes failure.Nothromboembolic,infectious,allergic complication soccurred.Conclusion UGTI is the first mothed for the treatment of IFACP.Precise localization and percutaneous can enhance the ratio of treatment of IFACPs and avoid the severe complications.

Objective:Occult breast cancer (OBC) accounts for 0.3%-1.0%of all breast cancers. Because of the rarity of this dis-ease, its treatment and prognosis remain unclear. Our study evaluated the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors associated with OBC. Methods:A total of 82 patients diagnosed with OBC based on available criteria were treated at the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, between January 1968 and June 2014. Except for 16 patients who were treated by needle biopsy or excisional biopsy only and were subsequently excluded, all of the cases reported were included in the study. Of the remaining 66 patients, one was male. Patient data, tumor characteristics, and treatment and outcome variables were evaluated. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed. A unicentric retrospective review of 66 patients with OBC was performed. Re-sults:The median follow-up was 75.5 months (7.0-328.0). No significant differences in OS and DFS were observed between patients who underwent mastectomy plus axillary lymph node dissection (Mast+ALND) and those who underwent breast conservation surgery (P>0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that nodal status is a significant prognosis factor of DFS (P=0.031). Conclusion:No significant difference in treatment outcomes between mastectomy+ALND and breast conservation surgery was observed. Nodal status may be an independent predictor of poor outcomes in OBC patients.

Objective:To investigate the expression and the significance of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 through regulating Gli1 in acute pancreatitis.Methods: In this study,C57 mice were randomly divided into three groups:control group,model group,inhibitor group.caerulein intraperitoneal injection induce acute pancreatitis model.Use HE staining and amylase to testify the model successfully.Use RT-qPCR,Western blot to detect the expression of Gli1 in the pancreas,liver,lung,kidney and intestine and ELISA method to detect inflammatory cytokines IL-6.Results: Compared with control group,the expression of Gli1 is higher in model group,then the expression of IL-6 increases in inhibitor group which uses Gant61 to suppress Gli1 compared with model group.Conclusion: Gli1 may involved in the process of the distant tissue injury and repair in acute pancreatitis and through regulate its downstream cytokines like IL-6 to play a protective role in acute pancreatitis.

Objective To evaluate the effects of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) application to dorsal root ganglia on the expression of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) in the spinal cord and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein in the nucleus accumbens of rats with neuropathic pain (NP).Methods Forty healthy pathogen-free male Wistar rats,weighing 180-200 g,aged 2 months,were divided into 4 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group Sham),group NP,sham PRF group (group SPRF) and PRF group.NP was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the left sciatic nerve of anesthetized rats.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured before CCI and at 3,7,10,14,21,28,35 and 42 days after CCI.Sucrose preference test and forced-swim test were performed at 42 days after CCI for determination of the expression of IRF8 in the spinal cord and BDNF in the nucleus accumbens by Western blot.Results Compared with group Sham,the MWT at each time point after CCI and rate of preference for sucrose were significantly decreased,the duration of immobility in forced-swim test was prolonged,and the expression of IRF8 and BDNF was up-regulated in NP,SPRF and PRF groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group NP,the MWT at 10-42 days after CCI and rate of preference for sucrose were significantly increased,the duration of immobility in forced-swim test was shortened,and the expression of IRF8 and BDNF was down-regulated in group PRF (P＜0.05),and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group SPRF (P＞O.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which PRF application to dorsal root ganglia alleviates NP and depressive-like behaviors is probably related to down-regulation of the expression of IRF8 in the spinal cord and BDNF in the nucleus accumbens of rats.

In subjects aged above 40 years old in Pudong,Shanghai,the annual progression rates from normal glucose regulation to impaired glucose tolerance and to diabetes were 9.5%and 4.4%respectively.and the annual progression rate in subjects with impaired Slucose regulation to diabetes was 20.2%.The conversion rate to diabetes increased along with elevated number of risk factors.

Objective: To learn the current status of injury among community residents in Zhejiang Province,and to provide reference for injury prevention strategy. Methods: A total of 38 005 residents were recuited from 11 counties or districts in Zhejiang Province by multi-stage cluster random sampling. A retrospective questionnaire survey was conducted to collect their injury occurrence from June 1st of 2017 to May 31st of 2018,then analyzed the incidence,mortality and types of injury. Results: Among 38 005 respondents,2 186 injuries occurred,the incidence rate of injury was 5.75%. The incidence rate of injury in males and females were 5.67% and 5.84%,respectively. The incidence rate of injury in rural respondents（6.97%）was higher than that（4.79%）in urban respondents（P<0.05）. Seven respondents died of injury and the mortality rate was 18.42/100 000. The top five types of injury were falls（2.27%）,traffic accidents（1.53%）,animal bites（0.69%）,sharp articles（0.50%）and blunt articles（0.41%）. The lowest incidence rate of injury lay in 15 to 24 years old,and the highest lay in 65 to 74 years old. The incidence rate of injury increased with age（P<0.05）. The first type of injury in respondents aged 15 to 44 years old was traffic accidents,while others was falls. Conclusion The incidence of injury is higher in rural residents than in urban residents in Zhejiang Province,which increase with age. Falls and traffic accidents are the main threats to residents in Zhejiang Province.

Objective : To evaluate the risk of cardiovascular disease in hypertensive patients managed by communities in Tongxiang in the next 10 years,and to provide evidence for the development of cardiovascular disease prevention strategies. Methods: The information about hypertensive patients managed by communities was collected from Tongxiang resident health records management system. The risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease（ICVD）in the next 10 years was assessed by the Assessment Scale of 10-Year ICVD Risk in Chinese. Results: A total of 27 173 hypertensive patients managed by communities with complete data were recruited,including 11 868 males,accounting for 43.68%,and 15 305 females,accounting for 56.32%. The median（inter-quartile range）of the total scores of 10-year ICVD risk in hypertensive patients was 8.00（3.00）,with 9.00（2.00）in males and 8.00（2.00）in females. The total scores of 10-year ICVD risk in males was significantly higher than those in females（P<0.05）. A total of 8 764 patients had high 10-year ICVD risk,accounting for 32.25%. The proportion of high10-year ICVD risk in females with hypertension was higher than that in males（P<0.05）. The weights of ICVD risk factors in males were 54.58% in age,17.42% in systolic blood pressure,14.27% in smoking,7.77% in body mass index,4.51% in total cholesterol and 1.45% in diabetes;the ones in females were 63.57% in age,14.63% in systolic blood pressure,9.81% in body mass index,6.00% in total cholesterol,5.88% in diabetes and 0.11% in smoking. Conclusion The ICVD risk of hypertensive patients managed by communities in Tongxiang is higher in the next 10 years. Male patients should focus on the control of blood pressure and smoking,while female patients should focus on the control of blood pressure and body weight.

When the size of a neurosphere cultured in vitro reaches a certain critical value, a necrotic core will appear inside the neurosphere because of the limitation of oxygen or other nutrients transport from medium to the cells in the neurasphere. Large necrotic core will greatly reduce the expansion of NSCs. The cellular automaton (CA) model is applied in this article to model the growth of NSCs in sphere state. The appearance and enlargement of the necrotic core in a neurosphere is calculated by coupling the CA model with the nutrient diffusion analysis in bioreactors. The calculation results indicate that the culture conditions, such as seeding density, the concentration of nutrients in medium and the mass transfer coefficient between a neurosphere and medium, have some effects on the appearance of the necrotic core. However, the necrotic core mainly depends on the inner diffusion. It will certainly appear if the size of the neurosphere is large enough even the outside mass transfer is in a good condition in bioreactors. Additionally, the appearance of the necrotic core resulting from the shortage of oxygen is earlier than that caused by the limitation of glucose. And the growth of the necrotic core is very fast after its appearance, and the whole neurosphere may become necrotic. The model developed with cellular automaton and mass transfer is a good qualitative representation of NSCs growth in bioreactors.
Bioreactors ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Computer Simulation ; Models, Biological ; Neurons ; cytology ; Spheroids, Cellular ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Tissue Engineering ; methods