The generic chemical structure can express succinctly and can realize large protection range, so it is widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical patents. But because of the complexity and the variety of generic chemical structure,the existing domestic patent retrieval system is unable to realize its retrieval. Efficient processing and depth of indexing for this kind of information is also the industry's problems. In order to construct one-stop service system of intellectual property, to realize the retrieval of generic chemical structure, we develop a new indexing method on the basis of the original GFL indexing language. The method further optimizes the definition of a super atom, regulates the selection principle of indexing term and the typical structure indexing to make the super atom play a greater role in the indexing and retrieval of generic chemical structure, so the method not only can improve the retrieval efficiency and convenience, but also can reduce the cost of indexing.

Objective To study the influences of the length of sexual abstinence on sperm parameters and seminal plasma biochemical indicator.Methods Sperm concentration and motility were detected by computer assisted sperm analysis(CASA).The sperm morphology was analyzed using semiautomatic sperm morphology analyzer.Seminal plasma fructose concentration,neutral a-glycosidase,zinc,and acid phosphates concentration were measured by spectrophotometer.Improved DTNB was conducted for detection of the content of seminal plasma novain.Prostatespecific antigen(PSA)was measured with commercial kit.Three groups were defined according to the days of sexual abstinence:G1(1-3 days),G2(4-5 days)and G3(＞6 days).Results Sperm concentration of G2 was significantly higher than that of G1(P＜0.01),and of G3 than that of G1 and G2(P＜0.01).Sperm motility and per centage of morphologically normal sperm of G3 were significantly lower than that of G1(P＜0.01).Seminal plasma fructose concentration of G3 was significantly lower than that of G1 and G2(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Seminal plasma neutral a-glycosidase,carnutine,zinc concentration of G3 was significantly higher than that of G1 and G2(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Conclusion The length of sexual abstinence can influence sperm parameters and seminal plasma biochemical indicator.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of abnormal multiples of the median (MoM) of second trimester maternal serum triple screening (STMSTS) markers for adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods 16 000 singleton pregnancies at 15+0 to 20+6 weeks' gestation who underwent STMSTS between July 2010 and January 2013 in the First Hospital of Jilin University were recruited.Maternal serum AFP,free β-hCG (F-β-hCG) and unconjugated estriol (uE3) levels were measured using time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay,and then convened to MoM.LifeCycle 3.2 software was used to calculate risk,and a risk value greater than 1 in 270 or 1 in 350 was considered as high risk for trisomy 21 syndrome (Down syndrome,DS) and trisomy 18 syndrome (Edwards syndrome,ES),respectively.MoM of AFP more than 2.5was considered high risk for open neural tube defect (ONTD).Amniocentesis and karyotyping,ultrasound screening were advised for high risk women.AFP,F-β-hCG higher than 2.0 MoM or uE3 lower than 0.5MoM was considered as abnormal,respectively.The MoM of STMSTS marker between women with adverse pregnancy outcome and with normal outcome was compared.Results (1) The median MoM of AFP,F-β-hCG and uE3 was 0.91 MoM,0.94 MoM and 1.05 MoM,respectively.Of the 16 000 pregnant women,there was no statistical difference in the median MoM of triple screening marker at different weeks of gestation (P＞0.05).The positive rate of DS,ES and ONTD in women ≤35 years old (n=14 972) was 4.03％ (603/14 972),0.36％(54/14 972) and 0.29％(44/14 972) respectively.And in women＞35 years old(n=1 028),the positive rate was 24.51％ (252/1 028),1.95％ (20/1 028) and 0.78％ (8/1 028),respectively.There was a statistically significant difference of positive rate between the two groups(P＜0.05).(2) 9 cases of DS,1 case of ES and 1 ease of ONTD were found in the high risk group,and 2 cases of DS in the low risk group.The detection rate of DS,ES and ONTD was 9/11,1/1 and 1/1 respectively; and the positive predictive value was 1.05％(9/855),1.35％(1/74) and 1.92％(1/52),respectively.(3)The incidence of adverse outcome (group 1) was 1.49 ％(239/16 000).7 760 pregnant women in this study were healthy during pregnancy,so were their fetuses (group 2).There were significant differences in the age at delivery,body weight and markers' MoM of STMSTS between the two groups(P＜0.01).(4) In group 1,the rate of abnormal MoM of AFP or F-β-hCG was 7.95％(19/239) and 23.85％ (57/239),and the abnormal rate of MoM of uE3 was 4.18％(10/239).The rate of two abnormal MoM of markers was 5.02％(12/239); the rate that all three MoM were abnormal was 0.84％(2/ 239).However,in group 2,the rate of two abnormal MoM of markers was 0.14 ％(11/7 760); and the rate that all three MoM were abnormal was 0.There was a significant difference of abnormal MoM of maternal serum marker between the two groups (P＜0.01).Conclusions There is a relationship between abnormal marker of STMSTS and adverse outcomes.STMSTS show a high value in the detection of DS,ES and ONTD.

Background The fate of adult stem cells is associated with its surrounding microenviroment.Our previous work found that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) micro-environment enhance the stemness of human limbal stem cells (LSCs),but its mechanism has not been elucidated.Objective This study was to explore the molecular mechanism of ESC micro-environment enhancing the stemness and inhibiting the apoptosis of LSCs.Methods Human LSCs were cultured by explant culture method with CnT-20 medium and CnT-20+20％ ES culture supernatant (ESC-CM),respectively.Colony formation assay was used to analyze the proliferation ability of cells.Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) siRNA (19-25nt siRNA) or siRNA (sc-37007) was transfected into the cells of ESCCM group.Apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were assayed by flow cytometry,and the expressions of telomerase and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in TERT siRNA-or siRNA-F-transfected cells by immunofluorescence and flow cytomery.RT-PCR,immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were employed to determine the expressions of p63,ATP-binding cassette transporer G2 (ABCG2),integrin β1 mRNA and proteins and cytokeratin 3 (C K3) in the cells.The levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK),Akt,glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and p21 protein and phosphorylation proteins in the cells were detected by Western blot.Results The LSCs presented an increased proliferative capacity and passaged to the eighth generation with the colony-forming efficiency (CFE) of (7.6±0.6) ％ in ESC-CM group,but the cells to the sixth generation with the CFE of (5.6±0.6)％,showing a significant difference between them (t =4.454,P =0.011).The apoptotic rates of the cells from 2 through 6 generations were lower in the ESC-CM group than those in the CnT-20 group (all at P＜0.05).The apoptotic rate of the cells was (7.67± 1.31)％ in the siRNA-F transfected group,which was significantly lower than (32.33 ±3.13)％in the siRNA-TERT transfected group (t =-12.588,P =0.000).No significant differences were seen in the expression levels of p63,ABCG2,integrin β1 mRNA and proteins and TERT protein in the primary cells between the ESC-CM group and the CnT-20 group (all at P＞0.05),but significantly declined expressions of CK3 mRNA and protein were found in the ESC-CM group compared with the CnT-20 group (all at P＜0.01).However,the expressions of p63,ABCG2,integrin β1 mRNA and proteins and TERT protein in the second generation of the cells were significantly higher in the ESC-CM group compared with the CnT-20 group (all at P＜0.01).The telomerase activity was (4.83±0.67) ％ in the siRNA-TERT transfected group,which was significantly lower than (46.71±1.22) ％ of the siRNA-F transfected group (t =52.116,P =0.000).The expression of pFAK,pAkt,pGSK3β proteins were weakened,but the expression of p21 was increased in the ESC-CM group after addition of FAK inhibitor,GSK3β inhibitor and TERT-siRNA transfected group.Mitochondrial membrane potential in the second generation of cells was elevated in the ESC-CM group in comparison with the CnT-20 group and the siRNA-TERT transfected group (all at P＜0.01),and the rates of ROS positively reaction was lower in the ESC-CM group and the siRNA-F transfected group than those of the CnT-20 group and siRNA-TERT transfected group (all at P＜0.01).Conclusions ESC-CM culture system can effectively keep the stemness of LSCs and inhibit apoptosis.ESC-CM culture system plays functions probably via telomerase-p21-mitochondrial axis and the activation of the FAK/Wnt signaling pathways.

Patent documentation is a kind of high-value scientific literature, which has caught the attention of more and more scholars. In this paper, the World Traditional Medicine Patent Database (WTMPD) was used to retrieve patents of the traditional medicines used in the treatment and prevention of influenza worldwide in the past 30 years. A total of 2 423 patents were further screened by a series of processes. Finally, multi-angle analysis was carried on the dataset to form a patent analysis report on traditional anti-flu drugs. From the analysis, we found that China had a rapid increase in the number of patent applications, which was in the leading role in the world, though the number of PCT applicant from China is relatively low. A large amount of applicants from the USA, Japan, and Korea have entered into China. Pharmaceutical company is the core group of patent applicant, who had applied a lot of quality patent about their products to protect their commercial interests. Honeysuckle, licorice, isatis root, forsythia and skullcap are five kinds of herbs, which have been most frequently used in anti-influenza patents.

Background Recent studies indicated that human amnion mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) can be induced to differentiate into multiple types of cells in vitro,but whether the hAMSCs can differentiate into ocular surface cells has not been reported yet.Objective This study was to investigate the feasibility of inducing differentiation of hAMSCs into ocular surface cells by co-culturing with human bulbar conjunctiva fibroblasts (hBCFs).Methods This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Affiliated Second Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University.HAMSCs were isolated from placenta under the informed consent of healthy delivery women.hAMSCs were cultured,passaged and identified by detecting the expressions of CD44,CD45,CD73,CD90 in the cells with flow cytometer,osteogenesis and adipogenic differentiation experiments.Human conjunctival tissue was obtained during the eye operation under the informed consent of patients and hBCFs were isolated and cultured with explant culture.The cells were divided into the hAMSCs culture group and the hAMSCs and hBCFs co-culture group and cultivated in Transwell chambers for 7 days.The expressions of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the cells were assayed by immnofluorescence technique.Results Cultured hAMSCs showed the slender shape and cell body enlarged with passage.CD44,CD73 and CD90 were expressed in the cells,and the expression of CD45 was absent.After 3-4 weeks of osteogenesis and adipogenic induce,the cells showed red staining for alizarin and oil red O.In the co-culture group of hAMSCs and hBCFs,hAMSCs presented the epithelioid cell-like in shape and showed the positive response for CK19 and weaker response for α-SMA.However,in the hAMSCs culture group,the cells showed the positive response for α-SMA and absent response for CK19.Conclusions The hAMSCs can differentiate into ocular surface cells after being induced by hBCFs.And the differentiation mechanism is possibly relevant to mesenchymal cells epithelium.

Objective To observe c-Fos expression in visual cortex of infant rhesus monkeys with myopia induced by hyperopic defocus and preliminarily investigate the possibility of visual cortex participating in myopia. Methods Eight SPF grade healthy infant rhesus monkeys aged 20 to 30 days were randomly divided into hyperopic defocused group and control group,4 monkeys for each group. The monkeys in hyperopic defocused group wore -3 D spectacle lenses. The monkeys in control group wore 0 D lenses. The monkeys' refractive error,corneal topography, vitreous chamber depth were measured at the start of lens wear and at 2,4,6,8,12 weeks post-treatment. At 12 weeks post-treatment,the visual cortex tissues were removed for c-Fos protein measurement by immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays. The results were analyzed semiquantitatively to compare the differences of c-Fos expression between hyperopic defocused group and control group. The use and care of the animals complied with Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission. This study protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center ( No. 2013-014). Results After 12 weeks'lens wear,the vitreous chamber elongation amplitude of hyperopic defocused group monkeys was more obvious than that of the control group ([0.93±0.24]mm vs. [0.72±0.09]mm;t=2.292,P=0.047). The decrease of hyperopic degrees of hyperopic defocused group monkeys was more obvious than that of the control group ([-3.23± 1.36]D vs. [-1.55±0.52]D;t=-3.273,P=0.006). The eyes of hyperopic defocused group monkeys appeared a remarkable myopic shift after treatment. The number of c-Fos immunoreactive neurons was less in the hyperopic defocused group than that in the control group,with a statistically significant difference between them ([1 843±191]/mm2vs. [2 296±503]/mm2;t=2.381,P=0.041). Western blot assay showed that the optical density of c-Fos protein in the hyperopic defocused group was significantly less than that in the control group (0.50±0.17 vs. 0.99± 0.22;t=-4.982,P<0.01). Conclusions Hyperopic defocus,as an abnormal visual stimulus,can induce the onset of myopia in infant rhesus monkeys and inhibit c-Fos expression in visual cortex. Visual cortex may participate in myopia induced by hyperopic defocus.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of lacrimal endoscope assisted minimally invasive lacrimal duct recanalization combined with silicone tube intubation in the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction. Methods 3 cases(4 eyes)of the superior canaliculus obstruction,5 cases(6 eyes)of the inferior canaliculus,20 cases (29 eyes) of common canaliculus and 25 cases (36 eyes) of nasolacrimal duct were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups:Group A(40 eyes)treated with lacrimal endoscope assisted laser lacrimal forming combined with silicone tube implantation and Group B(36 eyes)with lacrimal endoscope assisted laser lacrimal forming combined with silicone tube implantation. The cases were all followed up for 3-6 months after treatment. Results Except the intraoperative bleeding,there were no significant differences in the incidence of various complications. All the eyes could be recanalized under the aid of lacrimal endoscope. The total effective rates were 87.50% and 91.43% in Group A and B,respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion Lacrimal endoscope assisted minimally invasive lacrimal duct recanalization combined with silicone tube intubation is a safe,effective,and minimally invasive method to recanalize the lacrimal obstruction.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of facial dermabrasion by microcrystal combined with red blue light in the treatment of acne pitting scar.Methods Selected from June 2013 to April 2016 hospital dermatology outpatients,98 cases of facial acne pitting scar were retrospectively analyzed,in which 50 cases of patients with facial acne dermabrasion were treated with red and blue light treatment (combined group),48 patients only choose facial acne dermabrasion treatment (control group),then treatment effect was compared between the two groups.Results At 3 months after operation,the ECCA score and mean sag depth of the two groups were significantly lower than those of the preoperative (t=23.208 and 18.586,P＜0.001).The ECCA score of the combined group was significantly lower than that of the control group (t=7.039,P＜0.05);The healing rate was 80％,which was significantly higher than those in the control group (56.25％) (x2 =6.387,P＜0.05);after 1 months and 3 months;the subjective satisfaction scores of the patients in the combined group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t=3.318 and 3.776,P＜0.05);Patients in the combined group were significantly earlier than the control group (t =4.419,P＜0.05);the incidence of edema and erythema was significantly lower in the combined group than in the control group (x2 =5.096,P＜0.05).Conclusions Facial acne dermabrasion by microcrystal combined with red and blue light treatment is superior to the single use of dermabrasion.