0. 05). Conclusions Panipenem and betamipron are effective and safe drugs in the treatment of serious in-hospital infection in elderly patients.

AIM: To estimate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injections of 0.5mg conbercept combined with 532-laser retinal photocoagulation for retinal vein occlusion(RVO).

METHODS: Totally 122 cases(122 eyes)checked in hospital for RVO were randomly divided into two groups by using the random number list during May 2015 to March 2016. The research group with 58 cases(58 eyes)comprised of 24 cases(24 eyes)diagnosed as central retinal vein occlusion and 34 cases(34 eyes)diagnosed as branch retinal vein occlusion. The control group with 64 cases(64 eyes)comprised of 26 cases(26 eyes)diagnosed as central retinal vein occlusion and 38 cases(38 eyes)diagnosed as branch retinal vein occlusion. All the cases were treated with intravitreal conbercept injections while the research group combined with treatment of received 532-laser retinal photocoagulation pre-injection. Optical coherence tomography(OCT)was adapted pre and 1,3 and 6mo after intravitreal injection. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), thickness of macular central concave and retinal pigment epithelium uplift area were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: BCVA of all cases were increased 1, 3 and 6mo after treatment, and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05). The research group had a better improvement of BCVA than control group, and there were significant differences between the two groups 3, 6mo after treatment but 1mo. Thickness of macular central concave and retinal pigment epithelium uplift area of two groups were decreased 1, 3 and 6mo after treatment, the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05). The research group had a bigger decrease value than the control group as for thickness of macular central concave and retinal pigment epithelium uplift area, there were significant differences between two groups 3, 6mo after treatment but 1mo. No adverse events occurred during the treatment.

CONCLUSION: Intraviteal conbercept injection can increase the visual acuity and decrease both the thickness of macular central concave and retinal pigment epithelium uplift area of patients with retinal vein occlusion. Combined with 532-laser retinal photocoagulation will achieve better outcome than intravitreal injection only.

ObjectiveTo investigate the features of liver injury in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. MethodsMedical records were collected from 201 patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to Xiangyang Central Hospital from January 19 to March 5, 2020, and these patients were divided into non-critical (mild/common type) group with 173 patients and critical (severe/critical type) group with 28 patients. The data on alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), and albumin (Alb) were collected. The t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of ranked data between groups. ResultsAmong the 201 patients, 37 (18.4%) had liver injury, with 19 in the critical group and 18 in the non-critical group, and there was a significant difference in the incidence rate of liver injury between the two groups (67.9% vs 10.4%, χ2=52.963, P＜0.05). There were significant differences between the 19 patients with liver injury in the critical group and the 18 patients with liver injury in the non-critical group in the duration of abnormal ALT and/or AST (on admission and during hospitalization) (χ2=11.906, P＜0.05) and the increase in ALT and/or AST (Z=-2.869, P＜0.05), and most patients had mild or moderate liver injury. Among the 201 patients, only one patient had elevated bilirubin (TBil ＜2 × upper limit of normal, mainly indirect bilirubin) and had non-critical liver injury. The critical group had a significantly lower level of Alb than the non-critical group (t=-8.002, P＜0.05). Among the 201 patients, 75 had a reduction in Alb, among whom 50 (50/201, 24.9%) had a reduction on admission and 25 (25/201, 12.4%) had a reduction during hospitalization, and there were significant differences in Alb (t=-4.967, P＜0.05) and hypoalbuminemia (χ2=26.645, P＜0.05) between the two periods of time. ConclusionLiver injury is relatively common in patients with COVID-19, mainly mild or moderate liver injury. There is a low incidence rate of abnormal bilirubin and a high incidence rate of the reduction in Alb. There are significant differences in the incidence rate and severity of liver injury between the crucial and non-critical patients. Alb level can be used as one of the indicators to evaluate and predict the severity of COVID-19 patients.

Objective: To replace esophageal defects with artificially composed biodegradable materials and non-biodegradable materials. Met hods: A two-layered tube consisting of a collagen-chitosan sponge and an inner polyurethane stent was used to replace 5 cm esophageal segmental defect s in 15 dogs. The inner polyurethane stent was removed endoscopically at weekly intervals from 2 or 4 weeks. Results: Partial regeneration of es ophageal epithelia was observed in 5 dogs at week 2, and progressing constricti on occurred and the dogs became unable to swallow within 1 month. In the 10 dog s that the polyurethane stent was removed at week 4, regenerated esophageal tiss ue successfully replaced the defects, and complete epithelization was observed 1 month after surgery. Complete regeneration of esophageal mucosa structures, inc luding mucosal smooth muscle and mucosal glands were observed 3 months after surgery, and partial regeneration of esophageal muscle tissue was also observed 6 months after surgery. Conclusion: Our artificial prosthesis i n reconstruction of the cervical esophagus segment in dogs is feasible. Through temporary polyurethane tube, collagen-chitosan sponge provides a three-dimensi onal structure suitable for the regeneration and sufficient degradation time for the complete regeneration of esophagus.

Aim To investigate the effects of taxol on apoptosis in Hela cell and the mechanism of apoptosis. The apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL, HE, eletronic micrpscopy and flow cytometry method. The expressions and activity of apoptosis associated proteins such as PCNA and caspase-3 were examined using S-P and enzyme histochemistric method.The results followed as: HeLa cells exposed to Taxol undergo cell death, presenting morphological and biochemical characteristics typical of apoptosis and the apoptotic cells increased with time and concentration. In contrast to untreated Hela cells, which express low PCNA, Ones treated with Taxol expressed high amounts of PCNA. Conclusion Taxol may induced apoptosis in Hela cell. The apoptosis induced by taxol is related to the increase of PCNA protein and activity of caspase-3.

ObjectiveTo observe clinical results and histopathological changes of scleral defect repaired with acellular xenogenic dermal matrix (Xeno-ADM) in rabbits.MethodsModel of rabbit sclera defect was established, and repaired with Xeno-ADM. The rabbits were clinically examined for inflammation and eyeball healing. The animals were sacrificed at 2nd and 4th week after operation, and implants were obtained and examined histopathologyically and ultrastructully with light microscopies respectively to evaluating changes of inflammation and vascularization.ResultsThere were no obvious inflammation and eyeball deformation observed. 2 weeks after implantation, the partial inflammatory cell invasion was seen with the light microscopy, and there was an obvious borderline between the Xeno-ADM and the sclera. 4 weeks after implantation, the inflammatory cells were reduced noticeably, the Xeno-ADM and the sclera completely merged with each other.ConclusionThe acellular xenogenic dermal matrix may be an ideal materix with fast neovascularization and low immunity for replace of sclera implants.

Objective: To discuss the changes in the tight junction protein of intestinal epithelium and permeability of colonic mucosa and its possible mechanism by building the rat mode of inflammatory bowel disease at the chronic recovery stage. Methods: A total of 36 SD rats were divided into the model group and control one according to the random number table, with 18 rats in each group. Rats in the model group were given the 3% dextran sulfate sodium solution by the way of drinking for 7 d to build the rat model of inflammatory bowel disease, while rats in the control group were given free drinking of water. Six rats were executed at day 7, 14 and 21 respectively. The colonic tissues were collected from rats to observe the pathological changes of colonic mucosa. The activity of myeloperoxidase was detected and the white blood count was performed for rats in each group. The Ussing chamber technique was employed to detect the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and short-circuit current (SC) of colonic mucosa of rats in different time intervals; the quantum dots labeling technique was employed to detect the expression level of claudin-1 and claudin-2 in the colonic tissues. Results: After the successful modeling, the weight of rats in the model group was significantly reduced, while the disease activity index score was increased. The weight was at the lowest level at day 14 and then it began to increase afterwards. The disease activity index score was at the highest level at day 12 and then it began to decrease gradually. The activity of myeloperoxidase and WBC for rats in the model group all reached the peak value at day 14 and then decreased gradually. There was no significant difference in the changes of TER and SC in different time intervals for rats in the control group (P > 0.05). TER of model group was at the lowest level at day 14 and then increased gradually; SC was at the highest level at day 14 and then decreased gradually. TER of model group at day 7, 14 and 21 was significantly lower than that of control group, while SC of model group was significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the change of mean fluorescence intensity of claudin-1 and claudin-2 in different time intervals for rats in the control group (P > 0.05). The claudin-1 and claudin-2 for rats in the model group reached the highest level at day 14 and then decreased gradually. The claudin-1 and claudin-2 of model group at day 7, 14 and 21 was significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: After the acute stage, the inflammatory bowel disease is then in the chronic recovery stage; the increased permeability of colonic mucosa and increased expression of tight junction protein of intestinal epithelium are closely related to the pathogenesis and development of disease. The tight junction protein plays a key role in the pathogenesis of injured colonic barrier of inflammatory bowel disease.

OBJECTIVETo set up the drug lymphocyte stimulation test (DLST), as a diagnosis means for DILI which was immunity idiosyncrasy, improve the Diagnosis, level of DILI.

METHODFor the 59 patients who diagnosed as DILI, we separated their PBMC, exploring to the suspicious drug which caused DILI, then use the methods 3H-TdR to test, according to the mixed degree to clear the PBMC count which specific activated by drug.We also set up drug group, negative control and Positive control at the same time. Preliminary experiments was including the best dose of PHA and the best concentration of the drug. We set up 40 healthy group in our experiments as a control, and explore them on the same drug every time. We test the two groups at the same time. We handled the results use t-test.

RESULTSThe methods 3H-TdR could be exactly reflect the PBMC's proliferation degree nearly the same when they were be stimulation by PHA or the sensitive drug. When the DILI patients were explore to the suspicious drug, their stimulation index (SI) Obviously higher than 1.8. Form this test, there were 28 in 59 patients of DILI's group were positive (47.46%), SI was from 1.9 to 43.08, the average was 22.49, the healthy group SI was lower than 1.8, the SI of DILI's group was significantly higher than healthy group (5.78+/-0.75/1.16+/-0.25, P less than 0.05). Our test suggested DLST has Higher specificity (94.92%) and sensitivity (47.46%).

CONCLUSIONDLST was significance for the patients who diagnosed as immunity idiosyncrasy's DILI, it's reflected these patients' Proliferation of PBMC when explored to the suspicious drug for the second time.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry（UHPLC-QqQ-MS） for determination of the active ingredients in Erdongtang， and to predict the targets and pathways of anti-insulin resistance action of this formula. MethodThe analysis was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈ column（2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.7 μm） with the mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（A）-acetonitrile（B） for gradient elution（0-3 min， 90%-87%A； 3-6 min， 87%-86%A； 6-9 min， 86%-83%A； 9-11 min， 83%-75%A； 11-18 min， 75%-70%A； 18-19 min， 70%-52%A； 19-22 min， 52%A； 22-25 min， 52%-5%A； 25-27 min， 5%-90%A； 27-30 min， 90%A）. The contents of active ingredients in Erdongtang was detected by electrospray ionization（ESI） and multiple reaction monitoring（MRM） mode under positive and negative ion modes. On this basis， network pharmacology was applied to predict the targets and pathways of Erdongtang exerting anti-insulin resistance effect. ResultThe 20 active ingredients in Erdongtang showed good linear relationships within a certain mass concentration range， and the precision， stability， repeatability and recovery rate were good. The results of determination showed that the ingredients with high content in 15 batches of samples were baicalein（1 259.39-1 635.78 mg·L^-1）， baicalin（1 078.37-1 411.52 mg·L^-1）， the ingredients with medium content were mangiferin（148.59-217.04 mg·L^-1）， timosaponin BⅡ（245.10-604.89 mg·L^-1）， quercetin-3-O-glucuronide（89.30-423.26 mg·L^-1）， rutin（46.91-1 553.61 mg·L^-1）， glycyrrhizic acid（55.97-391.47 mg·L^-1）， neomangiferin（37.45-127.03 mg·L^-1）， nuciferine（0.89-63.48 mg·L^-1）， hyperoside（6.96-136.78 mg·L^-1）， liquiritin（30.89-122.78 mg·L^-1）， liquiritigenin（26.64-110.67 mg·L^-1）， protodioscin（58.57-284.26 mg·L^-1）， the ingredients with low content were wogonin（7.16-20.74 mg·L^-1）， pseudoprotodioscin（5.49-22.96 mg·L^-1）， ginsenoside Rb₁（7.31-23.87 mg·L^-1）， ginsenoside Rg₁（10.78-28.33 mg·L^-1）， ginsenoside Re（7.78-24.76 mg·L^-1）， ophiopogonin D（2.08-4.29 mg·L^-1）， methylophiopogonanone A（0.74-1.67 mg·L^-1）. The results of network pharmacology indicated that the mechanism of anti-insulin resistance exerted by Erdongtang might be related to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B（PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway. ConclusionThe established UHPLC-QqQ-MS has the advantages of simple sample processing， strong exclusivity and high sensitivity， and can simultaneously determine the contents of the main ingredients from seven herbs in Erdongtang， which can lay the foundation for the development of Erdongtang compound preparations. The results of the network pharmacology can provide a reference for the mechanism study of Erdongtang in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility remains the principal theme for biomaterials application in medicine. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of collagen/hydroxyapatite(CHA) composite material in vitro in order to provide useful scientific basis for clinical use. Cellular cultivation in vitro and MTT assay were conducted for evaluating the composite material's influence on the morphology, growth and proliferation of cultured cell(L-929 cell). The hemolysis test was also performed for evaluating the impact on the function and metabolism of erythrocyte. These results demonstrated that the CHA composite material had no cytotoxicity and no hemolytic effect, and it might not be harmful to the morphology of the L-929 cell. The growth and proliferation of the L-929 cell could not be inhibited significantly. The cytotoxicity score of the composite material was grade 0. The hemolysis rate was 1.85%. In conclusion, collagen/hydroxyapatite (CHA) composite material might have good cytocompatibility and be safe for clinical use.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; toxicity ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen ; toxicity ; Hydroxyapatites ; toxicity ; Mice ; Prostheses and Implants ; Toxicity Tests ; Trachea