Objective To study the clinical significance of combined routine ultrasound and ultrasound elastography in diagnosing thyroid microcarcinoma so as to facilitate the diagnoses of the thyroid diseases of the pilot.Methods Totally 284 thyroid nodules with the sizes less than 1 cm underwent routine ultrasound and ultrasound elastography examinations from June 2013 to June 2016.Results There were 221 benign nodules (77.8％) and 63 malignant ones (22.2％) confirmed by FNAC cytological,surgical and pathological examinations.Of the 63 malignant nodules,there were 60 cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma,one case of follicular carcinoma and two cases of medullary carcinoma.There was significant difference between the strain ratios of the benign and malignant nodules (P＜0.05),the ultrasound elastography scores of the benign nodules were statistically different from those of the malignant nodules (P＜0.05).The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of ultrasound elastography were 90.3％,83.2％ and 86.9％ respectively when used to diagnose the thyroid nodule with the size less than 1 cm.Conclusion Routine ultrasound combined with ultrasound elastography can improve the diagnosis accuracy of small thyroid cancer,and is of great significance in early diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer of the pilot.

Objective To evaluate the validity of lipoprotien(a) [Lp(a)] concentration as diagnostic test for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stegnotic degree of coronary artherosclerosis. Methods 416 cases of patients who were assessed with coronary angiography were divided into four groups according to the stegnotic degree of coronary artherosclerosis. There were no stenosis and lipid plaque group, single branch group, double branch group, three branch and suffusive stenosis group. TC, HDL - C, LDL - C, ApoAl, ApoB, Lp(a) were examined in early morning fasting for 12 hours after the next admission day. Other risk factors were also recorded, such as hypertension. Results When Lp(a) concentration was used alone to diagnose CHD, the best cutoff value was 15 mg/dl. The crude agreement was 58.2% , the sensitivity was 57.5% , and the specificity was 59.3% . Along with the stegnotic degree of coronary artherosclerosis heavier, the levels of the crude agreement and the sensitivity had a indreasing trend,and levels of the false negative rate had a deoreasing trend. Conclusion The validity of Lp(a) concentration as diagnostic test for CHD is not satisfactory.

Objective To evaluate the value of ghrelin on predicting prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) after hospital discharge.Methods Totally 145 patients withCHF (age≥60 years,83 males and 62 females) were divided into 3 subgroups by New York Heart Association classification (NYHA):class Ⅱ (n=48),class Ⅲ(n=57) and class Ⅳ(n =40).According to the basic diseases,the CHF group was divided into five subgroups.All patients were followed up for about 2 years.The study included 55 healthy control subjects (30 males and 25 females).Results Plasma ghrelin level was lower in CHF cases (1.66±0.28) μg/L than in control subjects (2.27±0.26) μg/L (t 3.77,P＜0.01).The ghrelin level in NYHA Ⅱ(1.85±0.13) μg/L were higher than in NYHA Ⅲ (1.56±0.28) μg/L,the latter were higher than in NYHA Ⅳ (1.27±0.24) μg/L (P＜0.05).The plasma ghrelin level of patients after treatment (1.98±0.25) μg/L was increased compared with that of before treatment (1.66±0.28) μg/L (P＜0.05).No significant difference was found among the five basic disease groups (P＞0.05).During the follow up periods of (637±97)days,plasma ghrelin level was decreased in patients with cardiovascular event (1.26±0.38) μg/L than in patients without cardiovascular event (1.86±0.34) μg/L.The plasma ghrelin was negatively correlated with left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (P＜0.05).Conclusions The plasma ghrelin in elderly patients with CHF is decreased than in healthy adults,and its level is lower in patients with severe heart failure.The plasma ghrelin is a predictor of cardiovascular event and death in elderly patients with CHF.

Serum zinc, copper, calcium, cobalt, magnesium, cadmium, nickel, chromium and titanium of 60 normal controls and 45 hypertensive patients were measured by spectraspan-V emission spectrometer.The results showed that the serum levels of titanium, zinc, calcium and cobalt in hypertensive patients were significantly lower, however the magnesium and cadmium were higher than that of the normal controls. The serum levels of chromium, copper and nickel between these two groups were not significantly different. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.3213, p

OBJECTIVETo assess whether the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene 4G/5G polymorphism is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in Chinese patients.

METHODSPAI-1 gene 4G /5G polymorphism was analyzed in normal group (121 individuals) and CHD group (126 cases) by a combination of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).

RESULTSThe 4G allele and 4G/4G genotype frequencies of PAI-1 gene (0.60 and 0.397) for CHD patients were higher than those (0.48 and 0.190) for healthy controls(chi-square=7.63 P<0.01; chi-square=12.67, P<0.01). The odds ratios(OR) for CHD in subjects with the 5G/5G (and 4G/5G) genotypes were 2.54 (95% CI 1.22-5.27, P<0.05) and 1.28(95% CI 1.45-2.38, P>0.05), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that the PAI-1 4G/4G genotype is associated with an increased risk for CHD in Chinese patients. The subjects with the 4G/4G genotype had a higher prevalence of CHD, compared to those with the 5G/5G PAI-1 genotype.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Coronary Disease ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Objective To investigate the effect of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(LYGB) on body fat distribution,and relationship between the changes of body fat distribution and improvement of insulin resistance.Methods A total of 65 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent LYGB were selected for a retrospective analysis.Metabolic parameters,anthropometric measurements,body composition and fat distribution measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) were collected separately before and 6 months post LYGB.All data of pre-and postoperation were compared with pair t test,Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate correlation of two variables.Results Weight,body mass index,waist circumference,waist-to-hip ratio,triglyceride,fasting plasma glucose,fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly decreased in 6 months after surgery (P ＜ 0.05).Total fat mass,body fat mass of trunk,upper and lower limbs decreased significantly (P ＜0.05).Percent fat mass at the whole body,Android region,upper and lower limbs decreased significantly (P ＜0.05).After 6 months postoperatively,abdominal obesity indices waist circumfernce decreased from (98.10±13.03) cm to (91.60±7.68) cm (P＜0.01) and percent fat mass at the Android region decreased from (35.71 ±10.24)％ to (29.44 ± 12.11) ％ (P＜0.05),HOMA-IR decreased from 3.62 ± 5.18 to 1.79 ± 1.52 (P ＜ 0.05).The improvement of postoperative insulin resistance is positively correlated with the changes in waist circumference (P ＜0.01) and percent fat mass of Android region (P ＜0.05).Conclusions The body fat distribution changes after LYGB,change of abdominal fat distribution is positively correlated to the improvement of insulin resistance.