Objective To compare TyG index between the patients with CHF and ADHF to eluci-date the metabolic difference between these two stages.Methods A total of 1156 HF patients ad-mitted in Taizhou People's Hospital between January 2020 and December 2022 were enrolled,and according to 2021 ESC Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Fail-ure,they were divided into CHF group(365 cases)and ADHF group(791 cases).The clinical da-ta,results of laboratory tests,and cardiovascular history were collected,and TyG index was calcu-lated.All-cause death outcome was observed in ADHF patients during a follow-up of 1 year.Results The TyG index was significantly lower in the ADHF group than the CHF group[8.27(7.99,8.62)vs 8.35(8.04,8.75),P=0.001].In the ADHF group,the TyG index was positively correlated with SBP,DBP,TC,TG,LDL-C,FPG,HbA1c,BMI,and LVEF,and negatively with age(P＜0.01).In the CHF group,the index was positively correlated with DBP,TC,TG,LDL-C,FPG,BMI,and HbA1c,and negatively with age(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Both univariate and multiva-riate logistic regression analyses indicated that the TyG index was a protective factor for ADHF(OR=0.647,95％CI:0.503～0.832,P=0.001;OR=0.694,95％CI:0.536～0.898,P=0.005).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the index in ADHF patients was a protective factor for one-year all-cause mortality(OR=0.483,95％CI:0.254-0.916;P=0.026).Conclusion TyG index might be regarded as an important marker for assessing the metabolic status in HF patients and predicting the prognosis in ADHF patients.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between metabolic syndrome (MS), its different components and the risk of cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp in Uygur population in rural areas of southern Xinjiang.Methods:This study was a prospective cohort study. A baseline survey was conducted in August 2016. A typical sampling method was used to select 10 476 Uygur people in rural areas of southern Xinjiang as the research objects. Baseline clinical data were collected, including demographic data such as age, gender, and education level, and laboratory examination indicators such as blood glucose and triglyceride levels. According to the MS diagnostic criteria of the relevant guidelines, 10 476 subjects were divided into the MS group (3 475 cases) and the non-MS group (7 001 cases). The incidence of cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp was followed up in 2019, 2021 and 2023, respectively. Cox regression was used to analyze the correlation between MS, its different components and the risk of cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp. Chi-square test and independent sample t test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The median follow-up time was 6.43 years in 10 476 subjects, and the overall cumulative incidence of cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp was 5.43% (569/10 476). The cumulative incidence of cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp in the MS group was 10.73% (373/ 3 475), which was significantly higher than that in the non-MS group (2.80% (196/7 001)); χ2= 284.62, P<0.001). The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that, 41 to 59 years old ( HR=1.26, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.03 to 1.54, P=0.025), ≥60 years old ( HR=1.88, 95% CI: 1.45 to 2.45, P<0.001), female ( HR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.60, P=0.001), MS ( HR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.59 to 3.01, P<0.001), hypertriglyceridemia ( HR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.83, P=0.001), hypertension ( HR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.62, P=0.023), and hyperglycemia ( HR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.52, P=0.041) were independent risk factors for cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp. After the adjustment of age and gender, MS ( HR=3.39, 95% CI: 2.82 to 4.07, P<0.001), hypertriglyceridemia ( HR=2.37, 95% CI: 2.00 to 2.81, P<0.001), hypertension ( HR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.66 to 2.41, P<0.001), and hyperglycemia ( HR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.55 to 2.23, P<0.001) were still correlated with cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp, and there was the srtongest correlation between MS and cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp. The results of univariate Cox regression analysis showed that along with the increase of accumulated of MS components, the risk of cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp significantly increased (1 to 5 components corresponding HR (95% CI) were 1.92 (1.13 to 3.24), 2.21 (1.32 to 3.69), 6.91 (4.22 to 11.30), 8.56 (5.15 to 14.22), and 10.73 (5.66 to 20.33); P=0.015, =0.002, <0.001, <0.001, and <0.001); after age and gender were adjusted, this trend still existed (1 to 5 components corresponding HR (95% CI) were 1.81(1.07 to 3.06), 1.95(1.16 to 3.27), 5.64(3.42 to 9.32), 6.69(3.97 to 11.25), and 7.76(4.04 to 14.91); P=0.028, =0.012, <0.001, <0.001, and <0.001). Conclusion:MS and its components can increase the risk of cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp, and the risk of cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp significantly increases along with the increase of accumulated of MS components.

Objective:It aims to deepen the understanding of the coupled and coordinated development of health investment and economic growth,and to provide a scientific basis for the development of health policies for China's ten largest urban ag-glomerations.Methods:Based on the provincial panel data of ten major urban agglomerations from 2013 to 2022,entropy weight method,coupled coordination degree model,spatial autocorrelation model and quantile regression model are used for analysis.Results:In observation period,the level of two-system coupling and coordination grows from 0.397 in 2013 to 0.645 in 2022;the global Moran's I decreases from-0.020 to-0.357.In the dynamic leapfrog analysis,22.2%of provinces and munici-palities experience positive leapfrogging,while 16.7%of provinces and municipalities show negative leapfrogging.Baesd on lo-calised Moran Index,the quantile regression results show that the proportion of the people in higher education,the level of ur-banization and the level of labor force have a positive influence on the level of coupling and coordination between these two sys-tems,with the β coefficient showing a tendency of increasing and then decreasing;medical research institutes have a negative influence on the level of coupling and coordination between these two systems on the 0.1-0.3 quantile;the level of foreign invest-ment has a positive influence on the 0.1 quantile,and the 0.6-0.8 quartile has a negative effect.GDP per capita has a weak ef-fect on the level of coordination between these two systems.Conclusion:The two-system coupling and coordination level of the ten major urban agglomerations shows an overall increase,but there are regional differences,and it is affected by the integra-tion of science and education,economic level and human resources.

Objective:To study the effect of anthocyanins(C3G)on cuproptosis in chronic epileptic rats.Methods:Chronic epileptic rat model was induced by pentatetrazol(PTZ),and 90 SD rats were randomly divided into control group,PTZ group,elesclomol(ELC)group,tetrathiomolybdate(TTM)group,C3G group and ELC+C3G group.The grade,latency and frequency of seizures were recorded in each group.electroencephalogram(EEG)was used to detect abnormal electrical discharge in the brain.The action potential of hippocampal neurons was measured by patch-clamp technique.The contents of glutathione(GSH)and cuprous ions(Cu+)in hippocampus were determined by kit.Neuron damage in hippocampus was evaluated by Nissl staining.The expression of ferredoxin1(FDX1)and lipoic acid synthase(LIAS)in hippocampus was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results:Compared with the control group,the rats in the PTZ group exhibited epileptic-like seizures,suggesting that the modeling was successful.Com-pared with other epileptic groups,the ELC group showed increased seizure grade,more abnormal discharges,shortened latency period,enhanced neuronal excitability,decreased Nissl particles,elevated Cu+levels,decreased GSH levels,and increased expressions of FDX1 and LIAS.The reverse was observed in C3G group(P＜0.05).Neuron damage in ELC+C3G group was less severe than that in ELC group,but more than that in PTZ group(P＜0.05).Neuron dam-age in TTM group was less severe than that in PTZ group,but more severe than that in C3G group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:cuproptosis exists in hippocampus of rats with chronic epilepsy,and the C3G can significantly inhibit cu-proptosis and alleviate the occurrence and development of chronic epilepsy.

To analyze the standard establishment approach and compilation rationale for metallic pharmaceutical packaging standard development in the 2025 edition of the Pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China.This article systematically explained the background and process of establishing the guiding principles for metallic materials and containers used in pharmaceutical packaging in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia through basic information,relevant domestic and international standards,the establishment of key quality attributes of metallic pharmaceutical packaging materials,and the construction of metallic pharmaceutical packaging material standards.The newly established guidelines,the Pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China 9625,prioritized product critical quality attributes(CQAs)and real-world applicability.This dual emphasis on rigidity and adaptability enhances drug safety,meets the regulatory requirements,and promotes the globalization and scientific advancement of China's pharmaceutical packaging industry.

Objective:To study the effect of anthocyanins(C3G)on cuproptosis in chronic epileptic rats.Methods:Chronic epileptic rat model was induced by pentatetrazol(PTZ),and 90 SD rats were randomly divided into control group,PTZ group,elesclomol(ELC)group,tetrathiomolybdate(TTM)group,C3G group and ELC+C3G group.The grade,latency and frequency of seizures were recorded in each group.electroencephalogram(EEG)was used to detect abnormal electrical discharge in the brain.The action potential of hippocampal neurons was measured by patch-clamp technique.The contents of glutathione(GSH)and cuprous ions(Cu+)in hippocampus were determined by kit.Neuron damage in hippocampus was evaluated by Nissl staining.The expression of ferredoxin1(FDX1)and lipoic acid synthase(LIAS)in hippocampus was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results:Compared with the control group,the rats in the PTZ group exhibited epileptic-like seizures,suggesting that the modeling was successful.Com-pared with other epileptic groups,the ELC group showed increased seizure grade,more abnormal discharges,shortened latency period,enhanced neuronal excitability,decreased Nissl particles,elevated Cu+levels,decreased GSH levels,and increased expressions of FDX1 and LIAS.The reverse was observed in C3G group(P＜0.05).Neuron damage in ELC+C3G group was less severe than that in ELC group,but more than that in PTZ group(P＜0.05).Neuron dam-age in TTM group was less severe than that in PTZ group,but more severe than that in C3G group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:cuproptosis exists in hippocampus of rats with chronic epilepsy,and the C3G can significantly inhibit cu-proptosis and alleviate the occurrence and development of chronic epilepsy.

To analyze the standard establishment approach and compilation rationale for metallic pharmaceutical packaging standard development in the 2025 edition of the Pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China.This article systematically explained the background and process of establishing the guiding principles for metallic materials and containers used in pharmaceutical packaging in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia through basic information,relevant domestic and international standards,the establishment of key quality attributes of metallic pharmaceutical packaging materials,and the construction of metallic pharmaceutical packaging material standards.The newly established guidelines,the Pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China 9625,prioritized product critical quality attributes(CQAs)and real-world applicability.This dual emphasis on rigidity and adaptability enhances drug safety,meets the regulatory requirements,and promotes the globalization and scientific advancement of China's pharmaceutical packaging industry.

Objective:It aims to deepen the understanding of the coupled and coordinated development of health investment and economic growth,and to provide a scientific basis for the development of health policies for China's ten largest urban ag-glomerations.Methods:Based on the provincial panel data of ten major urban agglomerations from 2013 to 2022,entropy weight method,coupled coordination degree model,spatial autocorrelation model and quantile regression model are used for analysis.Results:In observation period,the level of two-system coupling and coordination grows from 0.397 in 2013 to 0.645 in 2022;the global Moran's I decreases from-0.020 to-0.357.In the dynamic leapfrog analysis,22.2%of provinces and munici-palities experience positive leapfrogging,while 16.7%of provinces and municipalities show negative leapfrogging.Baesd on lo-calised Moran Index,the quantile regression results show that the proportion of the people in higher education,the level of ur-banization and the level of labor force have a positive influence on the level of coupling and coordination between these two sys-tems,with the β coefficient showing a tendency of increasing and then decreasing;medical research institutes have a negative influence on the level of coupling and coordination between these two systems on the 0.1-0.3 quantile;the level of foreign invest-ment has a positive influence on the 0.1 quantile,and the 0.6-0.8 quartile has a negative effect.GDP per capita has a weak ef-fect on the level of coordination between these two systems.Conclusion:The two-system coupling and coordination level of the ten major urban agglomerations shows an overall increase,but there are regional differences,and it is affected by the integra-tion of science and education,economic level and human resources.

Objective To compare TyG index between the patients with CHF and ADHF to eluci-date the metabolic difference between these two stages.Methods A total of 1156 HF patients ad-mitted in Taizhou People's Hospital between January 2020 and December 2022 were enrolled,and according to 2021 ESC Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Fail-ure,they were divided into CHF group(365 cases)and ADHF group(791 cases).The clinical da-ta,results of laboratory tests,and cardiovascular history were collected,and TyG index was calcu-lated.All-cause death outcome was observed in ADHF patients during a follow-up of 1 year.Results The TyG index was significantly lower in the ADHF group than the CHF group[8.27(7.99,8.62)vs 8.35(8.04,8.75),P=0.001].In the ADHF group,the TyG index was positively correlated with SBP,DBP,TC,TG,LDL-C,FPG,HbA1c,BMI,and LVEF,and negatively with age(P＜0.01).In the CHF group,the index was positively correlated with DBP,TC,TG,LDL-C,FPG,BMI,and HbA1c,and negatively with age(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Both univariate and multiva-riate logistic regression analyses indicated that the TyG index was a protective factor for ADHF(OR=0.647,95％CI:0.503～0.832,P=0.001;OR=0.694,95％CI:0.536～0.898,P=0.005).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the index in ADHF patients was a protective factor for one-year all-cause mortality(OR=0.483,95％CI:0.254-0.916;P=0.026).Conclusion TyG index might be regarded as an important marker for assessing the metabolic status in HF patients and predicting the prognosis in ADHF patients.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between metabolic syndrome (MS), its different components and the risk of cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp in Uygur population in rural areas of southern Xinjiang.Methods:This study was a prospective cohort study. A baseline survey was conducted in August 2016. A typical sampling method was used to select 10 476 Uygur people in rural areas of southern Xinjiang as the research objects. Baseline clinical data were collected, including demographic data such as age, gender, and education level, and laboratory examination indicators such as blood glucose and triglyceride levels. According to the MS diagnostic criteria of the relevant guidelines, 10 476 subjects were divided into the MS group (3 475 cases) and the non-MS group (7 001 cases). The incidence of cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp was followed up in 2019, 2021 and 2023, respectively. Cox regression was used to analyze the correlation between MS, its different components and the risk of cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp. Chi-square test and independent sample t test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The median follow-up time was 6.43 years in 10 476 subjects, and the overall cumulative incidence of cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp was 5.43% (569/10 476). The cumulative incidence of cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp in the MS group was 10.73% (373/ 3 475), which was significantly higher than that in the non-MS group (2.80% (196/7 001)); χ2= 284.62, P<0.001). The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that, 41 to 59 years old ( HR=1.26, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.03 to 1.54, P=0.025), ≥60 years old ( HR=1.88, 95% CI: 1.45 to 2.45, P<0.001), female ( HR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.60, P=0.001), MS ( HR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.59 to 3.01, P<0.001), hypertriglyceridemia ( HR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.83, P=0.001), hypertension ( HR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.62, P=0.023), and hyperglycemia ( HR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.52, P=0.041) were independent risk factors for cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp. After the adjustment of age and gender, MS ( HR=3.39, 95% CI: 2.82 to 4.07, P<0.001), hypertriglyceridemia ( HR=2.37, 95% CI: 2.00 to 2.81, P<0.001), hypertension ( HR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.66 to 2.41, P<0.001), and hyperglycemia ( HR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.55 to 2.23, P<0.001) were still correlated with cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp, and there was the srtongest correlation between MS and cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp. The results of univariate Cox regression analysis showed that along with the increase of accumulated of MS components, the risk of cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp significantly increased (1 to 5 components corresponding HR (95% CI) were 1.92 (1.13 to 3.24), 2.21 (1.32 to 3.69), 6.91 (4.22 to 11.30), 8.56 (5.15 to 14.22), and 10.73 (5.66 to 20.33); P=0.015, =0.002, <0.001, <0.001, and <0.001); after age and gender were adjusted, this trend still existed (1 to 5 components corresponding HR (95% CI) were 1.81(1.07 to 3.06), 1.95(1.16 to 3.27), 5.64(3.42 to 9.32), 6.69(3.97 to 11.25), and 7.76(4.04 to 14.91); P=0.028, =0.012, <0.001, <0.001, and <0.001). Conclusion:MS and its components can increase the risk of cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp, and the risk of cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyp significantly increases along with the increase of accumulated of MS components.