AIM: To investigate whether celecoxib,a cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) inhibitor,potentiates the anti-leukemia activity of STI571 in K562 cells.METHODS: K562 cells were treated with STI571,celecoxib or combination of both at different concentrations in suspension culture.Cell proliferation was documented by MTT assay,and cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and morphology.Meanwhile,RT-PCR was applied to analyze the probable mechanism underlying the effects of the drugs.RESULTS: The combination of STI571 and celecoxib dramatically suppressed the proliferation of K562 cells,in which 0.25 ?mol/L STI571 and 40.0 ?mol/L celecoxib enhanced the inhibiting rate to 76.1%?1.6%.Furthermore,the combining administration of drugs significantly promoted the apoptosis induced by STI571,which showed characteristic changes of morphologic features and increase in sub-G_1 cells.By using RT-PCR technique,the expression of COX-2 had no decline by single administration of celecoxib or STI571.However,a progressive down-regulation was caused by coadministration of two drugs.In contrast with COX-2,the expression of VEGF had no changes at any time.CONCLUSION: The administration of celecoxib alone only inhibits the proliferation of K562 cells.Combination treatment with STI571 and celecoxib promotes the apoptosis induced by STI571.

OBJECTIVE:To train the students’ability about true-and-false identification of pini pollen,typhae pollen and Lygo-dium japonicum. METHODS:Teachers firstly used flexible and diversifided teaching methods to train the learning interest of stu-dents,and then picture antithesis,classroom presentation and other methods were used to teach the distinctive features between the true and false traditional Chinese medicine in the characters of identification. RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:There were obvious dif-ference among the colors,physicochmical poperties,microscopic characteristics and other aspects of 3 traditional Chinese medi-cines. According to the teaching,the students could not only distinguish the 3 traditional Chinese medicines accurately, but also could identify the true-and-false of them. picture antithesis and classroom presentation method are simple and vivid, and can be used for the training of students’ability about true-and-false identification.

AIM: The role of external-signal regulated kinaseⅠ/Ⅱ(ERKⅠ/Ⅱ) in the induction and maintenance of spinal long-term potentiation(LTP) is evaluated.METHODS: The C-fiber evoked field potentials were recorded at the superficial layers of spinal dorsal horn at the lumbar enlargement.RESULTS:(1) PD98059(100 ?mol/L) or SL327(200(?mol/L)),a selective MEK inhibitor,completely blocked LTP induction when applied at 30 min prior to tetanic stimulation.(2) PD98059 or SL327 reversed spinal LTP in a time-dependent manner.At 15 min after LTP induction,PD98059(100 ?mol/L) or SL327(200 ?mol/L) reversed LTP completely,and at 30 min after LTP induction,the inhibitory rate of spinal LTP inhibited by PD98059 or SL327 was 62.5% and 75.0%, respectively.At 1 h after LTP induction,however,the same concentration of PD98059 or SL327 did not affect the spinal LTP.CONCLUSION: Activation of ERKⅠ/Ⅱ in spinal dorsal horn may be crucial for the induction and the early-phase maintenance of LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials.

AIM: The role of protein kinase C (PKC) in th e induction and maintenance of spinal long-term potentiation (LTP) was evaluated . METHODS: The C-fiber evoked field potentials were recorded at t he superficial layers of spinal dorsal horn at the lumbar enlargement. RESULTS: (i) Chelerythrine (200 ?mol/L) or G 6983 (100 ? mol/L), a selective PKC inhibitor, completely blocked LTP induction. (ii) Chel eryt hrine or G 6983 reversed spinal LTP in a time-dependent manner. 15 min after L TP induction, chelerythrine (200 ?mol/L) and G 6983 (100 ?mol/L) depre ssed LTP to baseline in all tested rats. The same concentration of chelerythrine and G 6983, applied at 3 h after LTP induction, did not affect LTP. CONCLUSION: PKC in spinal dorsal horn may be crucial for the ind uction and the early-phase maintenance of LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials .

AIM: The role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in the induction and maintenance of spinal long-term potentiation (LTP) was evaluated. METHODS: The C-fiber evoked field potentials were recorded at the superficial layers of spinal dorsal horn at the lumbar enlargement. RESULTS: (1) 8-Br-cAMP induced LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials and 8-Br-cAMP-induced LTP occludes tetanus-induced LTP. (2) Rp-CPT-cAMPS, an inhibitor of PKA, blocked the induction of spinal LTP and reversed established LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials in a time-dependent manner. (3) In the presence of anisomycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor, the potentiation induced by 8-Br-cAMP was completely blocked. (4) PD98059, a selective inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK),completely blocked the 8-Br-cAMP-induced LTP.CONCLUSION: Activation of PKA signal pathway in spinal dorsal horn may be crucial for the induction and the early-phase maintenance of LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitative treatment for severe cervical spondylotic myeiopathy after combined posterior-anterior surgery. Methods Fifty-four patients (mean age, 59.5) who had undergone combined posterlor-anterior surgery of the cervical spine due to severe cervical spondylotic myelopathy were studied with an average follow-up of 38.7 months. All the patients were allocated into either a rehabilitation treatment group (28 patients) or a control group (26 patients). Neurological function in the two groups was assessed using the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) grading system. In addition, the status of axial symptoms, wound healing and post-operative complications were also evaluated. Results The bone grafts completely fused in both groups. All of the wounds in the rehabilitation treatment group healed without any infection. Three wounds were infected in the control group, but were cured by prompt treatment. Two patients in the rehabilitation group and 9 in the control group suffered laryngeal edema. There was no significant difference between the two groups before the operation with regard to their JOA scores, which significantly increased postoperation in both groups. In the rehabilitation treatment group, the postoperation JOA scores were significantly higher than in the control group. At the same time, there were significantly fewer patients with neck axial symptoms in the rehabilitation treatment group than that in the control group (25.0% versus 69.2% , P < 0.01 ). Conclusions Systematic rehabilitation treatment pro-and post-operation of patients with severe cervical spondylotie myelopathy can accelerate neurological recovery and help prevent postoperative complications and neck axial symptoms.

Objective To investigate the appropriate surgical approach in the management of cervical cord injury following ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Methods The clinical data of 25 patients with cervical cord injury following ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament who received surgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed. According to Frankel grades, two patients were at grade A, three at grade B, 14 at grade C and six at grade D. The surgical procedures consisted of anterior decompression (12 patients), posterior decompression (8 patients) and combined posteroanterior decompression (5 patients). Results No iatrogenic injury of great vessels, trachea, esophagus or spinal cord occurred. All the patients were followed up for 15-86 months (mean 38.3 months). All segments with anterior fixation attained solid fusion, without implants loosening or breakage. No reelosed open-door was found in patients who received posterior laminoplasty. The spinal function got improved in 21 patients, and a relief of pain or numb of the upper limb was attained in four patients whose spinal cord injury was not cured. Conclusions The surgical outcome of cervical cord injury following ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament is satisfactory. It is important to select a suitable surgical approach according to the imaging manifestations associated with the general conditions of the patients.

Objective:To make an assessment on the genotoxicity caused by black carbon ( BC ) and ozonized black carbon (O3-BC).Methods: In this study, 74 healthy male ICR mice [weighed (28 ± 1.5) g] were randomly divided into 7 groups, including one phosphate buffer solution ( PBS) control group and six particles exposed groups by intratracheal instillation with either BC or O 3-BC at the doses of 50, 100, 200 μg/mouse, respectively.There were 12 mice in the groups of 200μg/mouse and 10 mice in others.The mice were sacrificed 24 h after four intratrachealinstillations .The activities of catalase ( CAT) in serum and the levels of malondialdehyde ( MDA) in lung tissue homogenate were measured . As the DNA damage mark , 8-hydroxyguanosine ( 8-OHdG ) in urine and serum were quantified with ELISA method.Micronucleus test was used for potential genotoxicity of BC and O 3-BC.Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to stain lung paraffin section .Results:The mice were in good condition during instillation , and the liver coefficient of the test groups was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).The activities of CAT in serum significantly increased in the 100 μg/mouse and 200μg/mouse groups after being exposed to these two kinds of particles .The micronucleus rate in allthe BC and O3-BC exposed groups increased ( P <0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference among the groups in the levels of 8-OHdG in serum and urine and MDA in lung tissue homogenate .In-flammatory response was found in the lung tissue under the microscope after exposure to BC and O 3-BC. Conclusion:Intratracheal instillation of BC and O 3-BC induced increasing of oxidative stress and genetic damage in mice .But there was no significant difference between these two particles in toxicity .Whether the genotoxicity of O 3-BC is higher than that of BC or not is uncertain .Further research is needed .

Objective To compare the molluscicidal effects between“Luo-wei”(TDS),a plant molluscicide in 4 percent, and metaldehyde and niclosamide(MNSC)in the field. Methods A natural ecological environment with Oncomelania hupensis was selected as the test area,the test concentrations of TDS and MNSC were 2.5 g/m3 and 2 ml/m3 respectively by the immersion method;the test doses of TDS and MNSC were 3 g/m2 and 2 ml/m2 respectively by the spray method;the doses of WPN in a control group were 2 g/m3 and 2 g/m2 respectively by the two methods above-mentioned. The molluscicidal effects between TDS and MNSC were compared by using the synchronous design method and parallel comparative method. Results In the TDS group,the death rate of snails was 90.70%by immersion for 24 hours,reached to 81.40%after spraying for 7 days,and there were no significant differences among the observation time points in molluscicidal effects(P>0.05). One day after the spraying,the death rate of snails was less in the TDS group compared with that in the MSCN group(P<0.01),but the death rates of snails were similar in both groups 3 days after the spraying(P>0.05). In the MSCN group,the death rate of snails was 99.17%by immersion for 24 hours,reached to 66.07% by spraying for 1 day. In the WPS group,the death rate of snails was 97.15% by immersion for 24 hours,reached to 71.43%after spraying for 1 day,and there were no significant differences(both P>0.05). Conclusion TDS has a good molluscicidal activity and stable efficacy,and the molluscicidal effect of TDS is similar to that of MSCN in the filed, but the molluscicidal sensitivity of TDS is lower than that of MSCN.

Robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) is a perfect combination of modern remote information technology, intelligent engineering technology and minimally invasive surgical technique, with less hemorrhage and damage as patients getting good prognosis. In the past 10 years, the development of RALP has improved in our country rapidly. In this review, the progress of nursing researches of RALP were discussed, including preoperative therapeutic communication and comprehensive geriatric assessment, intraoperative anesthesia and heat preservation, and postoperative observation and fast recovery.