Objective To assess systematically the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) versus traditional methods in nursing students.Methods Relative literature was searched by computer at home and abroad.according to the inclusion and the exclusion criteria,which were analyzed by RevMan5.2 software,and literature selection and repetition were used according to the Note Express software.Results A total of 9 studies of randomized controlled or not randomized controlled trial were brought into the study by random effects model.A total of 1 187 were collected into the study,574 in the experimental group and 613 in the control group.According to subgroup analysis showed by measurement scale,problem-based learning (PBL) can significantly improve the critical thinking ability of nursing students.The results had high stability and reliability.Conclusions PBL teaching method can significantly improve the critical thinking ability of nursing students,and provide a better learning method for clinical teachers and students,which is worthy of further promotion.

Objective:To further explore the relationship between Type Ⅰ hypersensitivity reaction and the mechanism of the viral hepatitis B through the research of soluble intercellular adhesion molecular-1(sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecular-1(sVCAM-1) levels in serum in patients with viral hepatitis B related to Type Ⅰ hypersensitivity reaction and the damage of liver cells, and therefore, provide new theory for the perfection of the immunological mechanism of hepatitis B, especially acute hepatitis B.Methods:Serum sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels were measured in 45 patients with viral hepatitis B and 15 normal cases using double antibody sandwich ELISA method. ALT and AST levels were studied using omni automatic biochemistry analyzer and its correlation with sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were observed.Results:The sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels of 7 acute hepatitis B were significantly higher than that of the normal cases. ②The sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels of 38 chronic hepatitis B were also significantly higher than that of the normal cases. ③The sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels of 13 cases moderate chronic hepatitis B were significantly higher than that of 16 cases mild chronic hepatitis B. ④The sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels of 9 serious chronic hepatitis B were significantly higher than that of the group of mild chronic hepatitis B. ⑤Levels of sICAM-1 were significantly positively correlated with serum ALT and AST. ⑥sVACM-1 levels were significantly positively correlated with serum ALT and AST. In conclusion, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels in patients with acute hepatitis B were most remarkably increased, and then serious chronic hepatitis B, moderate chronic hepatitis B, light chronic hepatitis B in sequence.Conclusion:Serum sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels in patients with viral hepatitis B may reflect the damage of liver. ②Examination of serum sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels in patients with hepatitis B can be used to judge the patient’s condition and to diagnose. ③As an important indication of the inflammatory in Type Ⅰ hypersensitivity reaction, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 may interfere the appearence of hepatitis B and the procedure of immunological damage of liver cells.

Objective:To explore the relationship between type I hypersensitivity reaction and the mechanism of the viral hepatitis B through the research of interleukin(IL-13 ) and prostaglandin(PGE1) levels in serum of patients with viral hepatitis B, and therefore, to provide new theory for the perfection of the immunological mechanism of hepatitis B, especially acute hepatitis B.Methods:Serum IL-13 and PGE1 levels were measured in 50 patients with viral hepatitis B and 35 normal cases using double antibody sandwich ELISA method. AST and ALT levels were studied using omni automatic biochemistry analyzer and those correlation with IL-13 and PGE1 were observed.Results:①The IL-13 and PGE1 levels of 10 acute hepatitis B were significantly higher than those of the normal cases; ②The IL-13 and PGE1 levels of 35 chronic hepatitis B were also significantly higher than those of the normal cases; ③The levels of IL-13 and PGE1 were significantly positively correlated with serum ALT and AST.Conclusion:IL-13 and PGE1 levels in patients with acute hepatitis B are most remarkably increased, and correlate with the damage of liver.

Objective:To conduct the scoping review on influencing factors of clinical nurses' perception of decent work, so as to provide a basis for future intervention research.Methods:Based on the scope review method proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, literatures on clinical nurses' perception of decent work in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase and ScienceDirect databases were retrieved. The search period was from establishment of databases to October 31, 2022. Two researchers conducted independent screening and data extraction, and summarized the included literatures and reported the results.Results:A total of 10 literatures were included, and the study showed that the factors affecting clinical nurses' perception of decent work were general demographic factors, occupation-related factors and psychological factors.Conclusions:The overall level of clinical nurses' perception of decent work is low, and its influencing factors are various. The role of some research variables needs to be further explored. Managers should take targeted measures according to the influencing factors to improve clinical nursing management and nursing service quality.

Professional certification is one of the important measure for quality assurance of higher nursing education, and is internal requirements of self-development, auto-excitation, and self-discipline for education institutions. Yanbian University received nursing professional certification in October 2014. The preparatory experiences of Yanbian University were introduced in this article, aiming to provide references for the others nursing institutions and for the future development of professional certification.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the advantages and technical limitations of various molecular genetic techniques in the diagnosis of two infants featuring all-round developmental retardation. METHODS: The two patients were initially screened by using chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). For patient 1, his parents were also subjected to CMA analysis, and the data was analyzed by using ChAS and UPD-tool software. For patient 2, methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) was carried out. RESULTS: Patient 1 was diagnosed with maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) type Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) by CMA and UPD-tool family analysis. His chromosomes 15 were of maternal UPD with homology/heterology. Patient 2 was diagnosed with deletion type PWS by combined CMA and MS-PCR. CONCLUSION Correct selection of laboratory methods based on the advantages and limitations of various molecular techniques can help with diagnosis of genomic imprinting disorders and enable better treatment and prognosis through early intervention.