Salivary gland obstruction is a commonly disorder affecting this organ usually due to the development of salivary calculi, ductul srictures, or both. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of the cause, extent, and effects of the obstruction. Up to date, the micro-invasive interventional treatment is always be taken as the first method of choice for dislodgment of calculi and sacculus salivary sialodochoplasty through buccal cavity. This article gives a comprehensive review of the indications and technical procedure.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of interactive intramedullary intertlocking nail on the elongation of lower extremity long bone. Methods The clinical data of 39 patients underwent the elongatin of femur and tibia using interactive intramedullary interlocking nail were retrospectively analyzed. Results The follow-up time was 8～34 months (average 14 months) after operation. The bone lengthening was 5～8cm(average 7 2cm), the consolidation index was 35d/cm, and lengthening rate was 33%. 2 cases had 5? deformity. There were not the complications of osteomyelitis and neurologic deficit, and secondary fracture did not occur in all patients. Conclusion The interactive intramedullary intertlocking nail is an effective device of bone lengthening, which is more suitable for femur and tibia elongation because of asking simpler skill and less operation time.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the different embolization agent and the spinal cord ischemic injury. Methods Bilateral of intercostal arteries were embolized with gelatin sponge and lipiodol to block the blood supply of spinal cord. To detect the somatosensory evoked potentials(SEPs), 6 canines in both groups of gelatin sponge and lipiodol were treated by bilateral intercostal arteries embolization. The median nerve and fibular nerve were recorded and the ratio of lower extremity to upper extremity SEPs amplitude (LE/UE ratio) were calculated; the results were compared with the pathologic findings and the motor function. Results The baseline, LE/UE, evoked potential amplitude ratios in all dogs before operation ranged from 0.22 to 0.92 with a combined total mean of 0.49?0.07. The SEPs changes at 30 minutes post operation were more obvious than pre operation in gelatin sponge group and lipiodol group with statistic significance. The LE/UE ratio of gelatin sponge group recovered one hour after operation, but this was absent in lipiodol group. So did the latency SEPs changes. Conclusion The SEPs could not be used to evaluate the motor function of spinal cord comprehensively.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of nucleolin in osteosarcoma and its clinicalsignificance.MethodsThe expression of nucleolin was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-em bedded tissues from 35 cases of osteosarcoma and 15 cases of osteochondroma.ResultsAmong the osteo sarcoma cases, 8.6％ were negative for nucleolin, 20％ weakly positive, 34.3％ moderate positive, 37.1％ strong positive.The positive rate of nucleolin in osteochondroma was 40％, 46.7％, 13.3％, 0％, respectively.The nucleolin expression showed significant difference in the osteosarcoma and osteochondroma(P ＜0.01).Among the conventional ostcosarcoma cases, 6.9％ were negative for nucleolin, 13.8％ weakly positive, 34.5％ moderate positive, 44.8％ strong positive.The positive rate of nucleolin in paros teal osteochondroma was 16.7％, 50％, 33.3％, 0％, respectively.The nucleolin expression showed re markable correlation with pathological and genetical classification (P ＜ 0.05).The positive rate of nucleo 1in in osteoblastic osteochondroma was 5.9％, 5.9％, 29.4％, 58.8％, while in chondroblastic osteochon droma 0％, 33.3％, 33.3％, 33.3％ and 16.7％, 16.7％, 50％, 16.7％ in fibroblastic osteochondro ma, respectively.The positive expressions of nucleolin were almost the same in each subtype of osteosarco ma (P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionsThe nucleolin expression had correlation with property of tumors in bone, and the positive expressions of nucleolin had correlation with pathological and genetic classification of osteo

Objective To compare the clinical effects of three methods in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Methods Three groups of patients received arthroscopic debridement, sodium hyaluronate injection and combined use of these two methods, respectively. Results All the patients were followed for more than 2 years. According to degrees of joint pain, joint swelling , range of motion and patients’ walking functions, comprehensive scores were obtained. In arthroscopic group, it gave good or excellent results in 86 7% of the patients 6 months ～ 1 year, in 78 8% of the patients 1 year ～ 2 years and 66 2% of the patients after 2 years. In sodium hyaluronate group, the good or excellent rates were 80 6% 6 months ～ 1 year, 72 8% 1 year ～ 2 years and 56 2 % after 2 years, respectively. In combination therapy group, the good or excellent rates were 96 8 % 6 months ～ 1 year, 87 2% 1 year ～ 2 years and 78 1% after 2 years, respectively. Conclusions All the three methods are effective: the combination treatment of arthroscopic debridement and sodium hyaluronate injection is markedly effective, the arthroscopic debridement takes the second place, and the sodium hyaluronate injection is less effective.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different dosage of aspirin and clopidogrel on the platelet inhibition rate by thromboelastography (TEG)before stent-assisted embolization of aneurysms. Methods The clinical data of 57 patients with unruptured aneurysms treated by stent-assisted coil embolization in General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into a low dose group (aspirin 100 mg + clopidogrel 75 mg,26 cases)and a high dose group (aspirin 300 mg +clopidogrel 75 mg,31 cases). All the patients were treated with aspirin and clopidogrel before surgery. The blood samples were collected on day 3 after oral administration with anti-platelet aggregation drugs. TEG was used to detect the arachidonic acid (AA )-induced inhibition rate of platelet aggregation and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced inhibition rate of platelet aggregation. The platelet inhibition and drug resistance,as well as ischemic complications in the perioperative period between the two groups were compared. Results (1 )The platelet inhibition rates:there was no significant difference in the inhibition rates of platelet aggregation of AA and ADP between low dose group and high dose group at day 3 after oral antiplatelet drugs [AA inhibition rate:(76 ± 21)% vs. (80 ± 21)%;ADP inhibition rate:(72 ± 26)% vs. (73 ± 29 )%;all P >0. 05 ]. (2 )Drug resistance:in the low dose group,the patients of aspirin and clopidogrel resistant were 2 cases(7. 7%)and 1 case(3. 8%),and the patients in high dose group were 3 cases (9. 7%)and 4 cases(12. 9%). No statistical significant difference in the aspirin and clopidogrel resistant was detected in the two groups (all P>0. 05). (3)The ischemic complications in the perioperative period:there was 1 case (3. 8%)with ischemic complications in the low dose group,and 2 cases (6. 5%)in the high dose group. There was no significance difference in the incidence of ischemic complications between the two groups(P >0. 05). Conclusion For patients treated with stent-assisted embolization of aneurysms,no difference could be detected in the inhibitory effect of platelet aggregation between low and high dose groups of aspirin.

Objective To define the secretory capability of angiogenin factors by bone marrow mononuclear cells(BM-MNC) cultured in vitro.Methods Rat BM-MNCs were isolated by centrifugation through a Histopaque density gradient and cultured for four weeks in vitro.The levels of vascular endothelial cell growth factor(VEGF),basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) and interleukin-1?(IL-1?) were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The levels of VEGF in the conditioned medium at 1,2,3 and 4 weeks were(24.40?7.99),(89.28?5.13),(115.24?10.08) and(157.00?15.64) pg/ml,respectively.The levels of bFGF at 1,2,3 and 4 weeks were(52.72?2.13),(48.10?6.41),(44.71?3.21) and(25.61?2.42) pg/ml respectively,and those of IL-1? were(31.28?5.44),(71.87?3.01),(55.77?11.94) and(41.75?9.14),respectively.Conclusion The BM-MNCs can persistently secrete potent angiogenic cytokines such as VEGF,bFGF and IL-1?.

Objective To investigate the expression and tissue distribution of CD31 in the process of the calf cortical with partial cancellous bone xenograft, to explore the healing mechanism and relationship between bone remodeling and revascularization, and to provide a basis for the further study of tissue engi-neered bone.Methods Thirty-six New Zealand rabbits were selected as our experimental animals.All ani-mals were implanted with the calf cortical with partial cancellous bone.Specimens were procured at 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks after surgery, respectively.The expression and tissue distribution of CD31 were observed in the process healing with general condition, X-ray, histology and immunohistochemistry.The image analy-sis computer system was used for quantitative analysis.The extent of revascularization and remodeling was separately represented by revascularization indexes and new bone areas.The relationship was studied be-tween bone remodeling and revascularization.Results ⑴ The X-ray showed significant healing.⑵ The positive expression of CD31 was seen in the whole process of bone xenograft and was different at various stage and sites.By the 4 weeks and 8 weeks postoperative,the strong positive expression was seen in the pe-ripheral soft tissue of graft bone, the callus of joint and the periphery of cartilage nests.Much positive ex-pression was seen in the cancellous bone.There was seen some single, cord, and cluster vascular endotheli-al cells.The positive expression was seen in the enlarged haversian canals and periphery.By the 24 weeks postoperative,the positive expression was seen in the enlarged haversian canals and periphery with increasing newborn capillaries.⑶ The correlation analysis between new bone areas and revascularization showed a closely positive correlation ( r =0.984).Conclusions The positive expression of CD31 was seen in the whole process of bone xenograft and was different at various stage and sites.The positive expression of CD31 reflected the extent of revascularization and bone remodeling of bone grafts.The extent of revascularization of bone grafts and bone remodeling showed a closely positive correlation.