Lung cancer belongs to the highest incidence of malignancy, and the interventional treatment in our country began with bronchial arterial infusion(BAI)with once accounted for a rather fair portion of clinical interventional procedures. But in recent years, the performance of BAI has been declined. This paper attempts to unveil the underling causes and propose our strategy against the problems.

The choice of sequence, scanning delay time, dosage and flow rate of contrast medium, patient's cooperation, and post processing of the images were discussed in this article. Fast, multiphase scanning, and fat saturation were required for the best sequence of contrast-enhanced MRI angiography. The delay time should be determined by bolus test injection, 30 ml contrast medium at 2-3 ml/s flow rate were recommended, good cooperation from the patients and felicitously post processing of the images were also necessary for successful examination.

Basic research in interventional radiology,including transcatheter artery perfusion especially,is progressing slowly due to lack of proper method.Microdialysis technique,a kind of accurate sampling technique in vivo,may help to solve the problem.Just as its name implies,microdialysis means tiny dialysis with advantages of authenticity,exactness and less error.Furthermore it has been applied widely and should be received with great attention and popularity.

Objective To study the effect of low exposing dose on detecting lung nodules by CT . Methods 26 patients with lung metastasis were selected to scan by CT with four kinds of different protocols , including 195 mAs /6.5mm ( exposing dose/scan thickness ) ,195 mAs/3.2 mm,50 mAs/3.2 mm,30 mAs/3.2 mm in all,then the number,size,position of nodules detected with dfferent dose were calculated respectivly.Results The total number of lung nodules detected with 195 mAs/3.2 mm,50 mAs/3.2 mm and 30 mAs/3.2 mm were no significant difference,but when classificated according to their size,as the exposing dose decreased,the number of nodules under 2 mm or 5 mm was detected decreasingly,morever,the noise of image increased.Although the image-noise of 30 mAs/3.2 mm was significant over 195 mAs/6.5 mm,the number of nodules detected by former was significant more than later.Conclusion As a whole, exposing dose decreased,the noise of image increasesd,the quality of image decreases,the artifact may obscure those small lung nodules, however, exposing dose decreased in a certain extent has no significant influence on CT in detecting lung nodules.Low exposing dose combined with thin slice thickness is more superiority than general dose combined with general slice thickness in sifting lung nodule.

In recent years, radiofrequency-ablation with minimal invasive effect has been increasingly used in the treatment of lung cancer, outcoming with obvious achievement. Great progress has been made in the experimental research including creation of electrode needle, the radiofrequency technique and clinical applications. This article overviews the experimental research, clinical application, current status and future research directions of this new treatment modality.

Salivary gland obstruction is a commonly disorder affecting this organ usually due to the development of salivary calculi, ductul srictures, or both. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of the cause, extent, and effects of the obstruction. Up to date, the micro-invasive interventional treatment is always be taken as the first method of choice for dislodgment of calculi and sacculus salivary sialodochoplasty through buccal cavity. This article gives a comprehensive review of the indications and technical procedure.

Implantation of metallic stents is an important method in treatment of airway strictures,and it is applied in increasingly for treating benign tracheobronchial strictures. In this article, we comprehensively introduced the selection of characteristic stents, the current status and progress of stent application in benign tracheobronchial strictures.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the different embolization agent and the spinal cord ischemic injury. Methods Bilateral of intercostal arteries were embolized with gelatin sponge and lipiodol to block the blood supply of spinal cord. To detect the somatosensory evoked potentials(SEPs), 6 canines in both groups of gelatin sponge and lipiodol were treated by bilateral intercostal arteries embolization. The median nerve and fibular nerve were recorded and the ratio of lower extremity to upper extremity SEPs amplitude (LE/UE ratio) were calculated; the results were compared with the pathologic findings and the motor function. Results The baseline, LE/UE, evoked potential amplitude ratios in all dogs before operation ranged from 0.22 to 0.92 with a combined total mean of 0.49?0.07. The SEPs changes at 30 minutes post operation were more obvious than pre operation in gelatin sponge group and lipiodol group with statistic significance. The LE/UE ratio of gelatin sponge group recovered one hour after operation, but this was absent in lipiodol group. So did the latency SEPs changes. Conclusion The SEPs could not be used to evaluate the motor function of spinal cord comprehensively.

Objective To study the intra- tumor basis of pleural indentation (P I) and find the influential factors correlated with PI in peripheral lung cancer . Methods Eighty-six cases of peripheral lung cancer (includin g experimental gr oup of 34 cases with PI and control group of 52 cases without PI) were subjected to identify the constitution in tumoral interstitium. And 7 variables (includin g intra-tumor fibrosis, tumor-chest wall distance, histological type, diameter o f tumor, differentiated degree, lymphatic metastases, sex, etc.) were investigat ed about PI by single factor analysis and multiple factor analysis of Logistic r egression model. Results(1)Collagenous fibers were the mai n fiber in tumoral interstitium, and were higher in experimental group than that in control group ( t=3074, P005). Conclusion Collagen Ⅰfibers are the main type of interstiti al fibers, and myofibroblasts are the main type of interstitial cells in PI asso ciated peripheral lung cancer. Intra-tumor fibrosis, tumor-chest wall distance , and histological types are the main influential factors in PI formation, and int ra-tumor fibrosis is the basic and inside factor. The histological types affect PI formation. Tumor-chest wall distance plays an important outside role in PI f ormation.

Objective: To explore postpartum MRI appearance and diagnostic value of MRI for placental implantation abnormality (PIA). Methods: Postpartum MRI findings of 11 PIA patients (mean age:28?4.5 years; range 23-25) were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent hysterectomy because their placentae were not discharged spontaneously, the postpartum hemorrhage added up to 800-4 500 ml and PIA was diagnosed by MRI 2-6 d after delivery. Results:Compared with the signal of the outer layer of the myometrium on the same scanning sequence, the placental signals appeared isointense or slightly hyperintense and the dividing line between the placenta and uterine wall was indistinct on T_1WI. On T_2WI the placental signal intensity was higher than that of the uterine wall. Placenta accreta showed that the placenta was confluent with the uterine wall and the junctional zone continued and the thickness of junctional zone was normal or slightly thinning. Placenta increta showed that the placental tissue invaded the myometrium in the shape of “triangle”, “nodule” or “mushroom”, and the junctional zone became thinner locally or discontinued. On Gadolinium-enhanced T_1WI, the intensity of placental enhancement was higher than that of uterine wall and the placental tissue was confluent with the uterine wall. The surgico-pathologic examination found 7 cases of placenta accrete and 4 cases of placenta increta. MRI diagnosis showed 8 cases of placenta accreta and 3 cases of placenta increta. There was one misdiagnosis by MRI. Conclusion: MRI is an ideal tool for postpartum diagnosis of PIA and can accurately evaluate placental configuration, the extent of placental accreta and the location and deepness of placental invasion.