Lung cancer belongs to the highest incidence of malignancy, and the interventional treatment in our country began with bronchial arterial infusion(BAI)with once accounted for a rather fair portion of clinical interventional procedures. But in recent years, the performance of BAI has been declined. This paper attempts to unveil the underling causes and propose our strategy against the problems.

The choice of sequence, scanning delay time, dosage and flow rate of contrast medium, patient's cooperation, and post processing of the images were discussed in this article. Fast, multiphase scanning, and fat saturation were required for the best sequence of contrast-enhanced MRI angiography. The delay time should be determined by bolus test injection, 30 ml contrast medium at 2-3 ml/s flow rate were recommended, good cooperation from the patients and felicitously post processing of the images were also necessary for successful examination.

Basic research in interventional radiology,including transcatheter artery perfusion especially,is progressing slowly due to lack of proper method.Microdialysis technique,a kind of accurate sampling technique in vivo,may help to solve the problem.Just as its name implies,microdialysis means tiny dialysis with advantages of authenticity,exactness and less error.Furthermore it has been applied widely and should be received with great attention and popularity.

In recent years, radiofrequency-ablation with minimal invasive effect has been increasingly used in the treatment of lung cancer, outcoming with obvious achievement. Great progress has been made in the experimental research including creation of electrode needle, the radiofrequency technique and clinical applications. This article overviews the experimental research, clinical application, current status and future research directions of this new treatment modality.

Salivary gland obstruction is a commonly disorder affecting this organ usually due to the development of salivary calculi, ductul srictures, or both. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of the cause, extent, and effects of the obstruction. Up to date, the micro-invasive interventional treatment is always be taken as the first method of choice for dislodgment of calculi and sacculus salivary sialodochoplasty through buccal cavity. This article gives a comprehensive review of the indications and technical procedure.

Implantation of metallic stents is an important method in treatment of airway strictures,and it is applied in increasingly for treating benign tracheobronchial strictures. In this article, we comprehensively introduced the selection of characteristic stents, the current status and progress of stent application in benign tracheobronchial strictures.

Objective To study the effect of low exposing dose on detecting lung nodules by CT . Methods 26 patients with lung metastasis were selected to scan by CT with four kinds of different protocols , including 195 mAs /6.5mm ( exposing dose/scan thickness ) ,195 mAs/3.2 mm,50 mAs/3.2 mm,30 mAs/3.2 mm in all,then the number,size,position of nodules detected with dfferent dose were calculated respectivly.Results The total number of lung nodules detected with 195 mAs/3.2 mm,50 mAs/3.2 mm and 30 mAs/3.2 mm were no significant difference,but when classificated according to their size,as the exposing dose decreased,the number of nodules under 2 mm or 5 mm was detected decreasingly,morever,the noise of image increased.Although the image-noise of 30 mAs/3.2 mm was significant over 195 mAs/6.5 mm,the number of nodules detected by former was significant more than later.Conclusion As a whole, exposing dose decreased,the noise of image increasesd,the quality of image decreases,the artifact may obscure those small lung nodules, however, exposing dose decreased in a certain extent has no significant influence on CT in detecting lung nodules.Low exposing dose combined with thin slice thickness is more superiority than general dose combined with general slice thickness in sifting lung nodule.

Objective To discuss the clinical value of preoperative embolization of vertebral tumors. Methods Data of 54 patients were retrospectively studied. Thirteen lesions were in the cervical, 17 in the thoracic, 15 in the lumber and 9 in the sacral regions. The vertebral tumors were embolized prior to operation with gelatin sponge particles, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles or coils. Surgical operations were performed within 1-7 days after the embolization. Results Totally 79 vessels of 43 patients were embolized, which included ascending cervical artery,1;vertebral artery,1;intercostal artery,39; lumber artery,19;internal iliac artery,15 and median sacral artery,4. Intraoperative hemorrhage showed a mean value of 1312 ml with range of 300-3000 ml in patients after embolization, and a mean value of 2375 ml with range of 1500-5000ml in patients without embolization at the same period(P

Objective To analyze the treatment of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stenting. Methods The average time duration from transplantation to the on set symptom of TRAS was 6.9 months (3 - 18 months) in 35 TRAS patients. BP and creatinine level were recorded before and after the procedure. PTA was performed through contralateral femoral or left brachial approach with ordinary balloon (5 F, length 20 ～ 30 mm) and / or small balloon catheters (2. 6 F, length 36 mm) in all patients, and stents were embedded in 11 of them. Results A total of 46 PTA were successfully performed (1 time, 20 cases; 2 times, 12 cases, and 3 times, 3 cases) via contralateral femoral approach (26) and left brachial approach (15). Stenosis were significantly decreased from 75% ～ 98% pre-PTA to 10% ～ 30% post-PTA.Systolic pressure decreased from 170 mmHg (150 ～ 210 mmHg) pre-PTA to 135 mmHg (100 - 190 mmHg) post-PTA and diastolic pressure decreased from 120 mmHg (90 - 145 mmHg) to 85 mmHg (80 - 125 mmHg) respectively. Restenosis rates were 39% after first PTA and 15% after the second time. All 46 times of PTA used 26 ordinary balloon catheters and 20 microballoon catheters. 8 self-expandable stents (Wallstent) and 3 balloon-dilatation stents (Palmaz) were released in 11 cases. There were healed case (n = 11) , melioration (n = 15), improvement (n = 7), and inefficiency (n = 2) after follow - up of 23 months (3 - 60 month). No complication occured except puncture site hematoma via the brachial artery approach in 1 case. Conclusions PTA is safe and effective in the treatment of TRAS and high rate of procedure success may be achieved with the help of brachial approach and micro-balloon catheter.Reasonable use of stents is beneficial in decreasing the restenosis.

Objective To study the intra- tumor basis of pleural indentation (P I) and find the influential factors correlated with PI in peripheral lung cancer . Methods Eighty-six cases of peripheral lung cancer (includin g experimental gr oup of 34 cases with PI and control group of 52 cases without PI) were subjected to identify the constitution in tumoral interstitium. And 7 variables (includin g intra-tumor fibrosis, tumor-chest wall distance, histological type, diameter o f tumor, differentiated degree, lymphatic metastases, sex, etc.) were investigat ed about PI by single factor analysis and multiple factor analysis of Logistic r egression model. Results(1)Collagenous fibers were the mai n fiber in tumoral interstitium, and were higher in experimental group than that in control group ( t=3074, P005). Conclusion Collagen Ⅰfibers are the main type of interstiti al fibers, and myofibroblasts are the main type of interstitial cells in PI asso ciated peripheral lung cancer. Intra-tumor fibrosis, tumor-chest wall distance , and histological types are the main influential factors in PI formation, and int ra-tumor fibrosis is the basic and inside factor. The histological types affect PI formation. Tumor-chest wall distance plays an important outside role in PI f ormation.