Objective To study the expression regulation of GATA-3 on Th2 cytokines secretions in rats lung infected by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).Methods 20 SD rates were random divided into two groups: Control group (10 rats) and RSV-infected group(10 rats, the model was established by RSV intravasation).The airway responses were observed after seven week.Lung tissue of SD rats were stained with HE, pathologic examinations of lung tissue- stained were made.GATA-3 expressions in lung tissue were detected by western-blots, respectively.Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-5 (IL-5) in lung homogenate were detected by ELISA.Results Lung biopsy from RSV-infected group showed typical inflammation under light microscope.Airway resistance in RSV- infected group was higher than control group.Compared with control group( 1.231 ±0.31 ), the expression of GATA-3 significantly increased in RSV-infected group (1.743 ±0.21)( t =15.427, P ＜0.01).The levels of IL-4[(142.3 ± 12.3)ng/L] and IL-5[(167.5 ±14.2) ng/L] increased in RSV-infected group [(69.2±11.6) ng/L, ( 86.6 ± 14.3 ) ng/L] ( P＜0.01 ).There was a positive correlation between protein levels of GATA-3 and IL-4 in lung tissues (r=0.864, P＜0.01 ), and a positive correlation between GATA-3 and IL-5 in lung tissues(r=-0.756, P＜0.01).Conclusion RSV-infection may up regulate the expression of GATA-3 in lung, which contributed to inflammation of Th2 type.

Purpose To explore the CT features of extra-adrenal ganglioneuroma (GN), and to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the disease. Materials and Methods CT features of 13 patients with extra-adrenal GN confirmed by surgical pathology were retrospectively analyzed, and compared with pathological findings. Results Two of 13 lesions were located in neck, four in posterior mediastinum, four in retroperitoneal space, two in front of sacrum, one in the region of renal hilus. All these masses were well defined, two appeared as round, three as oval, 8 as irregular shape. Of eight cases with irregular shape, six lesions presented a tendency of wedging into the space encasing and lapsing the vessel, with no evidence of invasion of the surrounding organs or vessels. Two tumors grew along the vertebrae and invaded intervertebral foramen. On plain CT imagings, the attenuations of the tumors were less than that of muscle, the masses with homogeneous and nonhomogeneous density were found in four and nine cases, respectively. Two patients associated with scattered and patchy cafilication. After contrast administration, eight lesions showed inhomogeneous enhancement:slight enhancement were seen in the arterial phase and gradually more strong enhancement during the portal venous and delayed phase. Enhancing lines or patchy were observed inside these tumors. Pathologically, the tumors appeared on a large amount mucus background, a few of scattering or nesting ganglion cells were distributed in many mature spindle cells, which lined in weave or fasciculation. Conclusion CT manifestations of extra-adrenal GN have certain characteristics, which are correlated closely with pathological features, therefore is helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Objective To explore the risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)in neonatal patients.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the 82 neonates who had ever received mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours,non-conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors for VAP.Results By logistic regression analysis,the following risk factors independently predicted VAP:gestational age(OR = 6.209,95%CI =2.112～16.835),duration of mechanical ventilation(OR =5.842,95%CI = 1.366～14.936),times of endotracheal suctioning(OR =4.764,95%CI = 1.416～14.736),re-intubation(OR = 6.190,95%CI = 1.669～16.019),gastric tubes retention(OR =6.794,95%CI = 1.928～19.160),treatment with CNS suppressant(OR = 4.297,95%CI = 1.002～15.216).Conclusion The neonatal VAP occoured for multiple facors,the rsik factors include gestational age,duration of mechanical ventilation,endotracheal suctioning,re-intubadon,gastric tubes retention and treatment with CNS suppressant.

Objective cAMP promotes neurite outgrowth in vitro. The study is aimed to understand whether cAMP can repair spinal cord injury of rats. Methods 56 rats models of spinal cord hemisection were adopted and randomly distributed into six groups. Dibutyryl-cAMP or physiological saline was injected either once in the motor cortex with an amount of 6 ml of 50 mmol/L cAMP, or continuously infused through a polyethylene tube connecting with a micro-pump in the spinal lesion area or in the subarachnoid space with a total amount of 72 ml of 10 mmol/L cAMP for 72 h. The distribution of neurofilament (NF) in the lesion area was observed by immunohistochemistry. Corticospinal tracts (CST) and spinal axons regeneration were investigated by CST and spinal axons anterograde tracing with biotinylated dextran amine (BDA). The function of hindlimb movements were evaluated by BBB scales and as a reference to assess the repairing effect of treating strategy. Results NF were densely distributed and extended in the lesion area in the cAMP groups, but no connection could be found with the NF in the caudal. No axonal regeneration could be achieved when cAMP was input into the subarachnoid space. Many regenerated axons, including some CST axonal regeneration were presented in the lesion areas in cAMP groups though no continuous long regenerated axons traversed the lesion area, while there was no regenerated axon in the lesion areas in the control groups. All the rats restored to normally walk 4 to 5 weeks after operations, BBB scale exceed 20, and no significant difference between cAMP groups and control groups by comparing the BBB scales of hindlimb movements. Conclusion cAMP injected in the brain cortex or continuously infused in the spinal lesion area can induce the axonal regeneration and is beneficial to repair the spinal cord injury, but could not directly promote hindlimb movements recovering.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare core-shell nanocapsules loading nicardipine hydrochloride and to investigate its pharmaceutical characteristics. METHODS: Core-shell nanocapsules were prepared using layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly technique. The indexes including the shape and particle size and the loaded drug amount of the nanocapsules were evaluated, and its accumulative release rates in artificial gastric juice and intestinal juice were computed and compared with those of its crude drug. RESULTS: The results showed that the nanocapsules were spherical with a mean particle size of 200 nm and a maximum loaded drug amount of 2.512%. The drug release rate within 12 h reached 18.64% in artificial gastric juice and 70% in artificial intestinal juice, whereas within 3 h the drug release rate of its crude drug in artificial intestinal juice reached 87%. CONCLUSIONS: The prepared core-shell nanocapsules containing nicardipine hydrochloride had a good pharmaceutical property.

Objective To explore the short-term clinical outcome of percutaneous posterior lumbar interbody fusion using B-twin stand-alone expandable spinal spacer in the degenerative lumbar diseases.Methods From January 2006 to March 2009,41 consecutive patients with lumbar degenerative disc diseases were enrolled and 44 intervertebral spaces were observed in this study.There were 20 males and 21 females,with an average age of 57.51(ranging from 31 to 77 years old).Indications for treatment included degenerative lumbar disc herniation(LDH) with intervertebral instability or Ⅰ? spondylolisthesis(25 cases),LDH with intervertebral space collapse(15 cases) and lumbar discogenic pain(1 case).Fusion segments included 3 cases of L3,L4 and L5,3 cases of L3 and L4,27 cases of L4 and L5,and 8 cases of L5 and S1.After percutaneous discectomy and endplate,curettage were meticulously carried out.A B-twin expandable spinal spacer was introduced into the intervertebral space and then expanded and an allograft cancellous bone of 4 to 5 g was implanted around the B-twin in the intervertebral space.The whole operation was monitored by C-arm fluoroscopy.The clinical outcome was evaluated by JOA scale and X-rays and CT examination before the operation,and 1 week,3 and 12 months after the operation.Results After follow-up of 3 to 38 months(mean 16 months),all the patients were evaluated,and excellent was obtained in 13 cases,good in 21 cases,fair in 5 cases,and poor in 2 cases.The excellent and good rate was 82.93% according to the JOA scale.X-rays and CT showed that the subsidence of the B-twin was found in 3 cases,and 1 case was significantly subsided by more than 20%.Cage shift was seen in 1 case.Conclusion Percutaneou posterior lumbar interbody fusion with B-twin is efficient with minimal surgical trauma,blood loss,better rehabilitation and reliable short-term outcome.Strict indications and pinpoint skills for surgery are the precondition to obtain satisfactory outcome in the treatment of degenerative disc disease.

Objective: To improve the chemo therapeutic effect through bronchial artery perfusion. Method: The angiographies of the bronchial arteries in 54 cases and pulmonary arteries in 10 cases of patients with advanced lung cancers were analized. Results showed: The bronchial arteries were divided into four subtype blood supply from intercostal artery, 30 cases; from bronchial artery 20 cases; from left and right bronchial arteries, 2 cases; from single intercostal artelry 2 cases. The blood vessels of pulmonary carcinomas were divided into three types: rich blood suppety 50. 2% (28 cases), poor blood supply 49.8% (26 cases) and from pulmonary artery else. Conclusion: The dual chemotherapeution pesfusion method by bronchial and pulmonary arterial approach should be considered as the proper procedure in treating advanced lung cancer of various kinds of different tissues.

Purpose To estimate and discuss the feasibility of the threshold value of the internal tumor volume (ITV) of lung cancer based on the standardized uptake value (SUV) of the background.Materials and Methods The phantom was designed with 3 vacuous models fixed at the bottom of a barrel. The 3 vacuous models were filled with18F-FDG (55.0 kBq/ml) which represented a tumor and the barrel was filled with18F-FDG (5.9 kBq/ml), which represented the background of the lung. The barrel moved sinusoidally with distances of 10.9 mm, 21.8 mm, and 43.7 mm to simulate breathing, and then the phantom 2D PET/CT data were acquired. The SUV in the background was recorded as ±SD, and+3SD was regarded as threshold value to obtain the measured ITVs. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and volume recovery coefficient (VRC) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the ITVs measured by seven methods, including that by SUV 2.5, 35% SUVmax, 41% SUVmax, a×mSUV70+b×, 0.42×(SUVmax+) and Riegel et al. computed threshold value followed the gross tumor volume, tumor-to-nontumor ratio and motion extent.Results Nine ITVs of three lung cancer models were 134.3 ml, 166.1 ml, 223.5 ml, 86.6 ml, 108.5 ml, 150.7 ml, 32.3 ml, 43.8 ml and 63.6 ml, respectively. The ITV measured by Riegel et al. showed no difference with the real ITV (t=-0.48,P>0.05). The ITVs measured by the other six methods were significantly different from the real ITVs (t=-5.11-2.76,P<0.05). The DSC of the ITV measured by+3SD and the method of Riegel et al. were 0.75-0.92 and 0.69-0.93, respectively; and the VRC were 0.82-0.97 and 0.74-0.96, respectively (differences without significance:t=-0.73,P>0.05). Moreover, they surpassed the results of the other five methods.Conclusion The threshold value (+3SD) of the SUV determined by the background has potential value in the description of the ITV of lung cancer, so as to provide reference for radiotherapy.

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on autophagy after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats and the role of C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway.Methods Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-250 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =15 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group TBI,TBI + sevoflurane preconditioning group (group TBI + Sevo) and TBI + sevoflurane preconditioning + JNK inhibitor SP600125 group (group TBI + Sev + SP).TBI models were established using Feeney' s method.In TBI + Sev and TBI + Sev + SP groups,the rats inhaled 2.4％ sevoflurane for 30 min once a day for 4 concecutive days,and TBI was produced at 24 h after the end of sevoflurane preconditioning.In TBI + Sev + SP group,SP600125 (6 mg/kg) was injected intrapetitoneally at 30 min after TBI.Five rats were chosen at day 1,3,and 7 after TBI,and neurological deficit score (NDS) was measured.The rats were then sacrificed and brains were removed to measure brain water content,expression of LC3 lⅡ and Beclin-1 mRNA (using PCR),and expression of LC3 Ⅱ,Beclin-1,JNK and phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) (by Western blot).Results Compared with group S,brain water content and NDS were significantly increased,and the expression of LC3 Ⅱ and Beclin-1 protein and mRNA,JNK,and p-JNK was up-regulated in the other three groups.Brain water content and NDS were significantly decreased,and the expression of LC3 Ⅱ and Beclin-1 protein and mRNA,JNK,and p-JNK was down-regulated in TBI + Sev and TBI + Sev + SP groups as compared with group TBI,and in TBI + Sev + SP group as compared with TBI + Sev group.Conclusion The mechanism by which sevoflurane preconditioning mitigates TBI is related to inhibiton of activation of JNK signaling pathway and decreased autophagy in rats.

Objective To explore the role of improved cranioplasty plus ventriculoperitoneal shunt in early treatment of hydrocephalus secondary to decompressive craniectomy for patients with severe craniocerebral injury. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 45 patients complicated by hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy for severe craniocerebral injury treated with early stage improved cranioplasty plus ventriculoperitoneal shunt from January 2006 to December 2010.Then,the clinical data,complications and outcomes were summarized. Results All operations were carried out 38-80 days after injury.The postoperative complications were distal obstruction of ventriculoperitoneal shunt in two patients and intracranial infection in one.The clinical symptoms were obviously improved in 36 patients (80％) and the cerebral ventricle was diminished in 34 (76％) one month postoperatively.The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at discharge was good in eight patients,moderate disability in 19,severe disability in 13 and prolonged coma in five,where better recovery (good recovery and moderate disability) in 27 patients (60％) showed significant improvement compared with preoperation ( x2 =23.47,P ＜0.01 ). Conclusion Early cranioplasty plus ventriculoperitoneal shunt is an effective and safe method for treatment of the complicated hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy for severe craniocerebral injury.