OBJECTIVE:To study the compatible stability of doxofylline injection and dexmethasone sodium phosphate injection.METHODS:The changes in appearance and pH value of the mixture of doxofylline injection and dexmethasone sodium phosphate injection in 5%glucose injection within 6 hours at 25℃were observed and determined,the content of which was determined by HPLC.RESULTS:Compared with the solution at 0h of mixing,no significant changes were noted in color,clarity and content within 6 hours' mixing,however,there was an increase in its pH value.CONCLUSION:The mixture of doxophylline and dexmethasone in 5%glucose injection is stable in quality within 6 hours' mixing at 25℃.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of4major caffeine metabolites and to discuss the significance of which in the evaluation of the activity of drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP1A2.METHODS:The caffeine metabolites in the urine like5-acetylamino-6-formamido-3-methyluric acid(AFMU),1-methyluric acid(1U),1-methylxanthine(1X)and1,7-dimethyluricacid(17U)were determined by RP-HPLC gradient elution method,the ratios of metabolins(AFMU+1X+1U)/17U was calculated,the frequency distribution histogram was drawn and the activity of CYP1A2was evaluated.RESULTS:The mean value of the ratio of the metabolins in the subjects was4.27,which was in normal distribution.CONCLUSION:The method is simple,accurate and rapid,which is suitable for the determination of caffeine metabolites in urine and the study of the activities of CYP1A2.

0.05).These findings indicate that severe burns can destroy the coupled phosphorylation in the mitochondria and impair their capability to produce ATP.Immediate fluid infusion after burns can protect the mitochondrial function effectively.

Objective To observe the characteristics of chromatin conformation in hypothalamus and pituitary gland of rats with different ages (16 17 weeks and 100 105 weeks of age). Methods Micrococcal nuclease (MCN) and deoxyribonuclease I ( DNase I) were used as the probe to differentiate chromatin conformation and agarose gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) were employed to investigate the changes of chromatin conformation in rats with different ages. Results Chromatin DNA of hypothalamus and pituitary gland in old rats existed a repeat length (nucleosome core and linker region) of (190?7)bp and (171?8)bp, and in young rats (193?9)bp and (170?5)bp respectively. PAGE showed that DNase I cleaved nucleosome DNA at 10 bp intervals and the cleavage patterns were the same in all ages of rats; comparison of DNA fragments digested by DNase I in young and old rats showed that less fragments with lower base pair were produced in old rats. Conclusions (1) No aging related changes were observed with the repeat length of chromatin nucleosome DNA in hypothalamus and pituitory gland, but there was difference depending on tissues. (2) The chromatin DNA mainly existed in B type of duplex conformation and contained similar super helical structure of solenoid in hypothalamus. (3) Further experiments showed that the chromatin DNA in hypothalamus and pituitary gland from elderly rats was more resistent to DNase I digestion.

Objective:To determine the clinical features of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) and the risk factors for central compartment lymph node (CCLN) metastasis in PTMC. Methods:Data of 1 401 patients with PTMC who were treated in Tianjin Medi-cal University Cancer Institute and Hospital between January 2014 and December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to study the risk factors. Results:With regard to clinicopathological features, the sex ratio is 1:3.4 in patients with PTMC. CCLN metastasis affected 427 (30.5%) of the total 1 401 patients. Age (χ2=14.587, P<0.01), sex (χ2=21.636, P<0.01), tumor multifocality (χ2=35.505, P<0.01), tumor size (χ2=58.868, P<0.01), tumor site (χ2=8.385, P<0.05), and extracapsular/extraglandular invasions (χ2=26.481, P<0.01) were significantly correlated with CCLN metastasis. For patients with a soli-tary primary tumor, tumor location in the lower third of the thyroid lobe was associated with a higher risk of CCLN metastasis (48.1%). The male gender, age<45 years, tumor size>6 mm, extracapsular spread, and tumor bilaterality were independently correlated with CCLN metastasis. Conclusion:A prophylactic neck dissection of the central compartment must be considered particularly in male PT-MC patients with age<45 years, tumor size>6 mm, extracapsular spread, and tumor bilaterality.

Objective:To discuss the causes and effective measures of prevention and treatment of chylous fistula after central lymph node dissection (CLND) of thyroid cancer. Methods:A total of 6 127 patients who underwent CLND of thyroid cancer in the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital between July 2013 and June 2015 were analyzed;of which, 14 patients acquired the complication of postoperative chylous fistula. The following conservative treatments were initially performed:systemic therapy, local pressure bandaging, normal pressure drainage, 50%glucose injection, or pingyangmycin injection through a drainage tube. Surgical op-eration was then conducted when the efficacy of the treatment was poor. Results:After the conservative treatment of the 14 patients, the drainage volume gradually decreased in 12 patients, and surgery was performed on the remaining two patients. Conclusion:The CLND of thyroid cancer must be carefully conducted to prevent postoperative chylous fistula. An active conservative treatment must be the first option when chylous fistula occurs. Surgery must only be performed if the treatment is invalid.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of reduced volume hepatectomy in treatment of advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Methods: The clinical data of 90 patients with advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis treated at the Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital from January 2017 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 41 males and 49 females, with an average age of 32 (range 11 to 58) years. The locations of the lesions, operations, complications and follow-up were analyzed. Results: 90 patients were treated with reduced volume focal hepatectomy, 38 with radical resection and 52 with quasi radical resection. The operation time was (361±22) min. The hospital stay was (22±2) day, and the blood loss was (781±37) ml. Red blood cells were transfused in 19 patients and plasma in 39 patients. Pringle’s maneuver was used in 12 patients, regional hepatic blood flow occlusion in 42 patients, and Glisson sheath occlusion in 26 patients. The total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase returned to normal in 3 to 14 days after operation. There were 12 patients who developed bile leakage, 41 pleural effusion and 26 effusion in the operation sites. A total of ninety patients were followed up for 2 to 24 months. There was no recurrence of echinococcosis after radical resection and no enlargement of residual lesions after quasi-radical resection. Conclusion Reduced-volume hepatectomy reduced the risk and difficulty of operation. The follow-up results were good. This approach provides a feasible scheme for treatment of advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.

Purpose: Recently, totally laparoscopic gastrectomy has been gradually accepted by surgeons worldwide for gastric cancer treatment. Complete dissection of the lymph nodes and the establishment of the surgical margin are the most important considerations for curative gastric cancer surgery. Previous studies have demonstrated that indocyanine green (ICG)-traced laparoscopic gastrectomy significantly improves the completeness of lymph node dissection. However, it remains difficult to identify the tumor location intraoperatively for gastric cancers that are staged ≤T3. Here, we investigated the feasibility of ICG fluorescence for lymph node mapping and tumor localization during totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: Preoperative and perioperative data from consecutive patients with gastric cancer who underwent a totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy were collected and analyzed. The patients were categorized into the ICG (n=61) or the non-ICG (n=75) group based on whether preoperative endoscopic mucosal ICG injection was performed. Results: The ICG group had a shorter operation time and less intraoperative blood loss.Moreover, significantly more lymph nodes were harvested in the ICG group than the non-ICG group. No pathologically positive margin was found and there was no significant difference in either the proximal or distal surgical margins between the 2 groups. Conclusions Near-infrared fluorescence imaging with ICG can be successfully used in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy, and it contributes to both the completeness of D2 lymph node dissection and confirmation of the gastric transection line. Well-designed prospective randomized studies are needed in the future to fully validate our findings.

Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Disease Models, Animal ; Genetic Techniques ; Huntingtin Protein ; genetics ; Huntington Disease ; genetics ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-human T lymphocyte porcine immunoglobulin (P-ATG) with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-α receptor Ⅱ:IgG Fc fusion protein (rhTNFR∶Fc, Etanercept) on grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) .Methods:Thirty-five patients with Grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ aGVHD who received P-ATG with etanercept therapy after allo-HSCT were retrospectively analyzed. P-ATGs (5 mg·kg -1·d -1) were administrated for 3 to 5 days, and then 5mg/kg was sequentially administrated, QOD to BIW. Etanercepts were administrated 25 mg, twice a week (12.5 mg, BIW for pediatric patients) . Results:Among the 35 patients with grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ aGVHD, 21 were males and 14 females, with a median age of 10 (3-54) years. A total of 19 cases of acute myeloid leukemia, 13 of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 1 of severe aplastic anemia, 1 of myelodysplastic syndrome, and 1 of mixed phenotypic acute leukemia were noted. The overall response (OR) rate of P-ATG with etanercept was 85.7% (30/35) , with complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) rates of 34.3% (12/35) and 51.4% (18/35) , respectively, on day 28. The OR rate of grade Ⅲ aGVHD group was higher than of grade IV aGVHD group [100% (19/19) vs. 68.8% (11/16) , P=0.004]. On day 56, the OR rate became 77.2% (27/35) , with CR and PR rates of 62.9% (22/35) and 14.3% (5/35) , respectively. The OR rate of grade Ⅲ aGVHD group was also higher than of grade Ⅳ aGVHD group [89.5% (17/19) vs. 62.5% (10/16) , P=0.009]. Thirty-five patients had no adverse effects such as fever, chills, and rash during the P-ATG infusion, and no obvious liver and kidney function damage was observed after treatment. The main treatment-related complication was infection. The reactivation rates of CMV and EBV were 77.1% (27/35) and 22.9% (8/35) , respectively, and the bacterial infection rate was 48.6% (17/35) . With a median follow-up time of 13 (1-55) months after HSCT, the 1-year and 2-year OS rates were (68.1±8.0) % and (64.3±8.4) % , respectively. The 1-year OS rate of grade Ⅲ aGVHD group was superior to grade Ⅳ aGVHD group [ (84.2±8.4) % vs. (47.6±13.1) % , χ2=3.38, P=0.05]. Conclusion:This study demonstrated that P-ATG with etanercept was effective and safe in treating grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD after allo-HSCT.