Objective To compare the bone status between Shanghai and Caucasian infants at birth by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and evaluate its clinical application. Methods An ultrasound bone sonometer, Omnisense (Sunlight Medical Ltd, Israel), was used to measure the bone speed of sound (SOS) of tibia in 157 Shanghai infants, and then compared with those of Caucasian. Results No significant difference of SOS was found between male [n=88, (2968?115) m/s] and female infants [n = 69, (2956?105) m/s](P=0. 524). The SOS of premature infants [(2935?96) m/s] was lower than that of full-term infants [2984?116) m/s] (P = 0. 005). Comparing with Caucasian infants, the tibial SOS was lower in Shanghai infants. The differences of SOS, which were defined as Z-Score, in Shanghai infants were more remarkable in female infants (-0. 81?0.92 Z-Score) than that of male (-0. 55?0. 97 Z-Score), and in full-term infants ( -0. 80?1. 03 Z-Score)than in premature infants (-0. 50?0. 83 Z-Score) , and in infants with normal birth weight than in infants with lower birth weight. Conclusions QUS is suitable for evaluating bone status in infants. Shanghai infants have lower bone strength than Caucasian's and the difference becomes more significant in the last trimester.

Objective To analyze serum 25(OH)D level and the influence factors in preterm infants. Methods The data of serum 25(OH)D level in preterm infants born from July 2012 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed along with gestational age, gender, parity, delivery mode, birth season, birth weight, age of the mother and pregnancy complications. Results Totally 325 cases were included and their average gestational age was 33.41±2.29 week, the ratio of male to female was 1.32?1 and average serum 25(OH)D level was 37.34±16.17 nmol/L. The incidence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in preterm infants was 37.8% and 41.8% respectively. Serum 25 (OH) D levels in preterm infants born in summer and autumn were higher than those born in winter and spring, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that birth season and the mother's age may be the risk factors that influence serum 25 (OH) D levels in preterm infants. Conclusion The incidence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in preterm infants is high, and the factors affecting the level of vitamin D need to be further studied.

Objective:To compare the predictive value of the HEART, TIMI and GRACE scores for major adversecardiovascular events (MACEs) at 7 and 28 days in patients with actue non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).Methods:More than 12 000 patients with chest pain from the Emergency Department of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from October 2017 to October 2018 were studied, including 566 patients with cardiogenic chest pain, 105 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) excluded and 15 patients lost to follow-up. Finally, 109 patients with NSTEMI and 337 non-myocardial patients with cardiogenic chest pain were enrolled. NSTEMI patients were divided into subgroups according to whether MACEs occurred. LSD t-test, Mann-Whitney U test or χ2 test were used to analyze and compare the differences between the two subgroups about the baseline data, clinical data, HEART, TIMI and GRACE scores at the time of visit. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the independent factors of MACEs at 7 and 28 days. And the predictive values of different scores for 7-day MACEs and 28-day MACEs were compared in NSTEMI patients through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results:Compared NSTEMI patients with non-myocardial patients with cardiogenic chest pain, we found a statistically significant differences in sex, past history of coronary heart disease,≥3 risk factors for atherosclerosis, electrocardiogram, high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-cTnT), creatinine value, past history of myocardial infarction, HEART score, TIMI score and GRACE score. In further subgroup analysis of NSTEMI patients who were divided according to whether MACEs occurred, we found previous history of stroke and increased hs-cTnT were statistically different in 7 days after the onset of the disease. The multivariate analysis showed that the previous history of stroke and increased hs-cTnT were independent factors for the occurrence of MACEs at 7 days after the onset of NSTEMI; The previous history of stroke and increased hs-cTnT, electrocardiogram ST segment depression and TIMI score were statistically different at 28 days after the onset of NSTEMI. The multivariate analysis showed that the previous history of stroke and TIMI score were independent factors for the occurrence of MACEs at 28 days after the onset of NSTEMI patients. ROC curve indicated that the predictive value of TIMI score (AUC=0.715, 95% CI: 0.482-0.948) was better than HEART (AUC=0.659, 95% CI: 0.414-0.904) and GRACE scores (AUC=0.587, 95% CI: 0.341-0.833)in predicting MACEs in NSTEMI patients. Conclusions:HEART score, TIMI score and GRACE score can be used to evaluate NSTEMI patients. There is an independent predictive value on TIMI score for the occurrence of 28-day MACEs in NSTEMI patients.