Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of phenylethanoid glycosides on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced dyszoospermia in mice and to preliminary elucidate the mechanisms involved in the process. Methods Phenylethanoid glycoside was extracted by ethanol extraction.Forty male BALB/C mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,low dose of phenylethanoid glycosides group (50 mg· kg-1 )and high dose of phenylethanoid glycosides group (100 mg·kg-1 ).Except control group,the dyszoospermia mouse model was established by peritoneal injection of CTX at the daily dose of 80 mg· kg-1 ,once daily for successive 5 d. After modeling, phenylethanoid glycosides were intragastrically administered at corresponding doses to each phenylethanoid glycosides group.Equal volume of normal saline was given to the mice in control group and model group by gastrogavage.All the medication was performed once daily for successive 30 d.The testis tissue was obtained 24 h after the last intragastric administration.The level of testosterone in the testis tissue homogenate was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The sperm counts, the motility rates, and the teratospermia rates in various groups were compared.The morphological changes of the testis tissue were observed using HE staining.Results Compared with control group, the sperm count and the motility rate were decreased, the teratospermia rate was increased,and the testosterone level in the testis tissue homogenate was decreased in model group(P<0.01).Compared with model group,the sperm counts and the motility rates were increased,the teratospermia rates were decreased, and the testosterore levels in the testis tissue homogenate were increased in phenylethanoid glycosides groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The histological results showed atrophy and degeneration of seminiferous tuble,thicker seminiferous epithelium and azoospermic lumina in model group;the number of seminiferous epithelial layers was increased and the seminiferous cells orderly arranged, and many sperms were found in the tubules in phenylethanoid glycosides groups.Conclusion Phenylethanoid glycosides has obviously therapeutical effect on CTX-induced dyszoospermia in mice,and its mechanisms might be correlated with recovering the testosterone level.

Objective To explore the titre of serum anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies (anti-PLA2 R antibodies) detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to provide a more specific serological index for clinical diagnosis and disease judgment of membranous nephropathy (MN).Methods Thirty-four cases of MN confirmed by kidney biopsy ,32 inpatients with autoimmune diseases ,nephrotic syndrome and renal insufficiency in the nephrology department of our hospital and 12 persons un-dergoing physical examination were selected.The serum was collected for detecting anti-PLA2 R antibodies level.Then its diagnostic performance for diagnosing MM was analyzed by combining with serum TP ,ALB ,IgG ,IgA ,IgM ,C3 and C4 indicators.Results The medians of anti-PLA2 R antibodies titres in the MN group ,disease control group and healthy control group were 22.1 ,2.0 ,2.0 RU/mL respectively ,which had statistical difference between the MN group and other two groups (P<0.05).Seventeen cases of anti-PLA2R antibodies positive were in the MN group(positive rate50% )and 17 cases were negative,the disease control group and healthy control group all were negative.Its specificity and positive predictive value were 100% ,TP ,ALB and IgG had statistical difference between the MN group with the disease control group and healthy control group (P<0.05);the relative coefficients of anti-PLA2 R antibodies with TP ,ALB and IgG ,IgA ,IgM ,C3 and C4 were in turn -0.382 ,-0.344 ,-0.502 ,-0.295 ,0.062 , 0.005 and 0.241 respectively ,anti-PLA2R antibodies were negatively correlated with TP ,ALB ,IgG and IgA(P<0.01) ,positively correlated with C4(P<0.05) and had no relation with IgM and C3(P>0.05).Conclusion Anti-PLA2 R antibodies have higher specificity for the diagnosis of MN and can serve as the necessary and specific serologic detection indicator in the patients unable to conduct renal biopsy.Quantitative detection helps to condition judgment.

Objective To investigate the CT and MRI manifestations of abdominal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). Methods Imaging and clinical data of 8 cases with IMT which proved by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.5 cases were scaned with contrast medium enhancement CT,and 3 cases with contrast medium enhancement MRI.Results Tumors were located in mesenteric region in 3 cases,in the transverse colon in 1 case,in retroperitoneal space in 1 case,in the small omentum in 1 case, in the omentum in 2 cases.8 cases were all single lesion,5 cases boundaries were demarcated,3 cases boundaries were fuzzy.The maximum diameter of tumors were from 4.6-12.5 cm.The density were uniformin 2 cases,and uneven in 3 cases.3 cases were significantly enhanced on enhanced scanning,2 cases were slight enhanced.1 case was solid soft tissue mass with homogeneous enhancement.2 cases were cystic tumor.The solid part was obvious homogeneous enhancement on enhanced scanning.The cystic areas were not enhancement. Conclusion CT and MRI can clearly demonstrate the location,size,number and the relationship with the surrounding structures of IMT.

Objective To evaluate the compositive methods of endovenous treatment with laser in the treatment of superficial varicosities in lower extremities individually.Methods Two hundred ninty-five limbs in 285 patients with chronic venons insufficiency were studied.According to the clinical manifestations,ultrasound and venography and using the clinical-etiology-anatomy-pathophysiology(CEAP) classification of chronic(venous) insufficiency,the patients were grouped A,B and C.Three surgical strategies were used.Group A:Simple endovenous laser therapy(129 limbs,43.72%).Group B: Endovenous laser therapy combined with punctate ligation(143 limbs,48.47%).Group C: Endovenous laser therapy combined with external banding valvuloplasty of superficial femoral vein and punctate ligation(23 limbs,7.8%).Results The cirsoid superficial vein disappeared in all the groups.The color of the skin became lighter,and swelling was reduced.The ulcers healed or shrunk in size.Conclusions Endovenous laser treatment(EVLT) is an(effective) minitraumatic operation for treatment of varicosities of lower extremities.The use of EVLT combined with other surgical procedures is effective treatment for primary deep venous valvalar insufficiency.

Objective To investigate the effects of crude extracted proteins from lesions of condyloma acuminata on immunophenotypes of dendritic cells.Methods Plastic-adherent mononuclear cells(MNCs)were isolated from umbilical cord blood or peripheral blood and cultured in media containing cytokines(GM-CSF,IL-4and LPS).The morphology and phenotypes of these cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and microscopy in12day's culture.Cells on the fourth day were incubated with crude extracts from lesions of condyloma acuminata,foreskin proteins,and PBS,respectively,followed by phenotypic analysis after9-12days' culture.Results Expression of antigens CD1a,CD80,CD86,MHC-I,MHC-II,CD14,CD54was detected after12days' cul-ture.It was shown that MNCs could be induced to differentiate to mature dendritic cells in our culture system.After incubation with crude extracts from lesions of condyloma acuminata for another9-12days,expression of CD86and HLA-DR was increased on dendritic cells.Conclusions Compared to foreskin and PBS pulsed dendritic cells,expression of CD86and HLA-DR is upregulated on dentritic cells after pulsing with condyloma acuminata lesion proteins.The data suggest that crude extracts from lesions of condyloma acuminata might enhance antigen-pre-senting capacity of dendritic cells and strengthen activation of T lymphocytes.

Objective To evaluate clinical application value of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection for bacteria in peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis (PDAP).Methods Peritoneal dialysis fluid specimens were collected from January 2014 to December 2014 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University.Conventional bacterial culture and PCR detection were used respectively.According to the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, universal primers were devised and designed, based on reference, the specific primers of 17 kinds of experimental bacteria.Real-time fluorescent PCR (Real-time PCR, qPCR) amplification was implemented.The establishment of standard strain DNA extract was used as positive control;sterile double distilled water was used as negative control.Results (1) The traditional bacterial culture results showed that positive proportion was 26/40 in specimen of 40 cases, gram-positive strains accounting for 18/26.Main species were epidermis staphylococcus (5/26), hemolysis staphylococcus (4/26), escherichia coli (4/26), and streptococcus viridans (3/26).(2) The PCR detection results showed that total positive rate was 33/40 in 40 patients specimens, among which 2 cases of positive samples ended up with no specific strains being detected;the main bacteria strains in PCR were not different from ordinary culture results.(3) With bacterial culture as the gold standard, the detection sensitivity of PCR technology for PDAP pathogenic bacteria was 96.15％ and specificity was 42.86％;the detection positive rate was significantly higher than ordinary culture method.(4) PCR technology for detecting pathogenic bacteria could produce results within 4-6 hours, while reported positive results in the traditional bacterial culture would take (77.88±15.53) hours, which was significantly longer than PCR.Conclusion Compared with traditional bacteria culture method, PCR method is more sensitive, simple, and quick.Bacteria detection using PCR technique is of clinic applied value in PDRP.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of prenatal MRI in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of congenital bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS). Methods From January 2009 to December 2014, 16 fetuses with BPS were diagnosed by fetal MRI in Huzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital and Shanghai Children′s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. The clinical data of these cases were analyzed retrospectively. All were singleton pregnancy, and MRI was carried out within 24-48 hours after routine prenatal ultrasound. All the neonates underwent postnatal enhanced CT scan or surgical biopsy after birth, and the results were compared to prenatal MRI diagnosis. Results (1)With prenatal MRI, 16 cases were diagnosed BPS. The lesions located in left lung in 10 cases, and right lung in 6 cases. As the scope of the lesion, 3 cases located in the whole left lung, 6 cases limited to the left lower lobe, and 1 case was subdiaphragmatic on the left side. 2 cases located in the whole right lung and 4 cases limited to the right lower lobe. One case complicated oligoamnios, and one had pleural effusion. Supplying vessels could be found in 14 cases.(2)When the postnatal results were compared with prenatal MRI, 15 cases were comfirmed as BPS (15/16), including 10 intralobar cases 5 extralobar cases. One that was diagnosed as BPS by prenatal MRI was confirmed to be congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) by pathology. The accuracy of prenatal MRI diagnosis of BPS was 15/16. Prenatal ultrasound missed one case and misdiagnosed two cases, as one was mistakened as CCAM and the other as cystic teratoma. Conclusion Prenatal MRI has good clinical value in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of fetal BPS.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of thoracic electrical bioimpedance(TEB)in monitoring the cardiac function of peritoneal dialysis patients.Methods One hundred and one patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and 30 healthy persons (control group)were included in the study.Thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB) noninvasive hcmodynamic monitoring and echocardiography were taken to analyze the correlation between indexes.Results Echocardiography showed that left atrial diameter (LAD),left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVDd),left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVDs),interventricular septal thickness （IVST),interventricular septal thickness (PAP),left ventricle weight index (LVMI) of CAPD group were higher than that of the control group (all P ＜ 0.05),early and late wave of mitral valve flow (E/A) of CAPD group was lower than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05).TEB monitoring showed that cardiac output (CO),stroke volume (SV),acceleration index (ACI),ejection fraction (EF),velocity index (Ⅵ) of CAPD group were significantly lower than that of control group (all P ＜ 0.01),systolic time ratio (STR),SVR,TFC of CAPD group were significantly higher than that of control group (P ＜ 0.01).Correlation analysis show that left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was negatively correlated with BNP (r =-0.467,P ＜ 0.01),LVMI was positively correlated with BNP (r=0.416,P ＜ 0.01),PEP,STR and TFC were positively correlated with BNP (r =0.404,P ＜ 0.01; r =0.572,P ＜ 0.01; r=0.471,P ＜ 0.01),EF was negatively correlated with BNP (r =-0.664,P ＜ 0.01).Correlation analysis between echocardiogaphy and TEB monitoring index showed there was significant correlation between EF and LVEF (r =0.451,P ＜ 0.01),SVR and TFC were positively correlated with LVMI (r =0.232,P ＜ 0.05; r =0.284,P ＜ 0.05),SV was positively correlated with E/A (r =0.285,P ＜ 0.05),pre-ejection period (PEP) and STR were negatively correlated with LVEF (r =-0.389,P ＜ 0.01; r =-0.446,P ＜ 0.01),TFC was positively correlated with LAD (r=0.279,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion TEB monitoring can accurately evaluate the cardiac function with the advantage of dynamic monitoring and simple operation.It can partly replace the echocardiography test.

Objective To study the bystander effect of tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand(TRAIL) gene and it's mechanism. Methods Full length cDNA of human TRAIL was transfected into SMMC7721 with binary adenoviral vectors system. RT PCR was used to determine the expression of TRAIL gene. By MTT assay the effects of the TRAIL gene on the proliferation of SMMC7721 was studied; The apoptosis inducing ability of TRAIL gene on SMMC7721 was tested by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). Bystander effect by testing the proliferation of the mixed cells of SMMC7721/TRAIL and SMMC7721 with different ratios, and the mechanism of bystander effect by testing the proliferation of SMMC7721 cultured with media of SMMC7721/TRAIL without cell components were also studied. Results TRAIL gene expressed by binary adenoviral vector system was able to inhibit proliferation(91.2%) and induce apoptosis(29.07%) of SMMC7721, significant difference between TRAIL gene and the other three controls were observed(PBS, LacZ, Bax)( P

To investigate the effect of Toxoplasma gondii infection upon the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and N-methyl-D-aspirate receptor (NMDA) subunits NR2A and NR2B,Wistar rats of 4 weeks old were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 rats in each group in which 2 mL suspensions of T.gondii tachyzoits in the concentrations of 2×10~7/mL and 2×10~5/mL were injected intra-peritoneally to rats in group A and group B respectively, serving as the experimental groups, while 2 mL of sterile physiologic saline was injected intra-peritoneally in group C serving as the control group. Four weeks after injection, the expressions of BDNF mRNA and BDNF protein in the brain tissues were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical assay and the expressions of NR2A and NR2B immune activity in the hippocampal CA1,CA3 and DG were investigated by using computer-assisted image analysis system. Compared with the control group, the expression of BDNF protein in the hippocampus of the experimental groups was significantly enhanced [(64.27±23.18), (50.39±19.34) vs (44.68±22.74)/mm~2,P＜0.05]. In addition, the increased expressions of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus of the experimental groups were also demonstrated [(0.13±0.02), (0.12±0.02) vs (0.09±0.01); P＜0.05]. In the expression of the NR2A protein, their expressions in group A and B of rats were significantly lower than that of group C in CA3 (P＜0.05),but there was no significant change in CA1 and DG. In the expression of NR2B protein, the expressions in group A and B were also lower than that of group C in CA1 and CA3, and had no significant change in DG. It is evident that the expressions of BDNF mRNA and BDNF protein in hippocampal tissues were significantly increased following chronic infection with T.gondii, supporting the hypothesis that BDNF may be involved in the intrinsic neuro-protective mechanism.