Aim To explore the modulation of Salvia miltiorrhiza on hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih) channels in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats and identify the mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza in alleviating pain and inhibiting calcium overload. Methods The effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection on Ih channels in DRG neurons of rats were examined by using whole-cell patch clamp technique. Results The experimental results showed that the amplitude of Ih evoked by -150 mV was (-1.06±0.18) nA. The Ih could be fitted well into the single kinetics and the time constant of activation, τ was clearly voltage-dependent with τ=(322.14±28.81) ms at -100 mV, decreasing to τ=(62.51±9.78) ms at -150 mV. The reversal potential of Ih was (-35.03±1.12) mV measured from tail currents. But no significant differences were found between the DRG neurons in the absence and presence of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection (10%, 25%, 50%) in the current amplitude, the time constant of activation and the reversal potential. The only difference between the DRG neurons in the absence and presence of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection was the half-activation potential of Ih. In control recordings the half-activation potential was (-106.07±3.59) mV. By comparison, the half-activation potentials changed to (-111.59±3.79) mV (n=31 neurons, P＜0.05), (-119.37±4.96) mV (n=31 neurons, P＜0.05) and (-121.23±3.86) mV (n=31 neurons, P＜0.05) in the presence of 10%, 25%, 50% Salvia miltiorrhiza injection, respectively. Conclusion Only the half-activation potential of Ih in the arthritic and neuropathic rat models shifted in the depolarizing direction, which increased the electrophysiological activity of Ih and made it related to peripheral hyperalgesia. The selective inhibition of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the electrophysiological activity of Ih may be one of the mechanisms underlying its analgesic effects.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of ulinastatin on the intestinal mucosal barrier in rats with ischemia-reperfusion.Methods Totally 24 SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups after clamping superiormesenteric artery for 1 h and reperfusion for 1 h: blank control group,control group and treatment group.Rats in the treatment group were injected with ulinastatin(50 000 U/kg) through vena dorsalis penis after ischemia-reperfusion model was induced.The control group underwent laparotomy with only the manipulation of the intestine and the same dose of saline was used through the same way.Specimens were obtained after ischemia-reperfusion model was induced.Dynamic turbidimetry was used to evaluate the effect of ulinastatin on the intestinal endotoxin translocation in rats.Apoptosis of mucosal cells was detected by TUNEL method,and the expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.Results The serum endotoxin level and apoptotic index of mucosal cells were evidently lower in blank control group than in control group(P

Objective To observe the protective effect of acceleration neutruphils apoptosis on lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) . Methods The neutrophils were separated using discontinuous Percoll gradients in vitro and cultured for 48 hours with or without clarithromycin. Neutrophil survival was determined by typan blue dye exclusion method. Apoptotic neutrophils were detected with flow cytometry. Immune histochemistry was used to examine the expression of protein of Fas and bcl-2 which interrelated with neutrophil apoptosis. In vivo study twelve adult sheeps were randomly divided into two groups. Pulmonary artery was clamped after CPB was established and the lungs were perfused with 4℃ low molecular weight dextran solution in control group (n = 6) and 4℃ low molecular weight dextran solution with clarithromycin in protective group (n - 6), The bypass was withdrawn after 90 minutes. Respiratory function were recorded during CPB and cytokines in the lung were measured. Lung biopsies and the apoptosis of the neutrophil were also performed after operation. Results Clarithromycin significantly shortened neutrophil survival in a dose-dependent fashion. The result of flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rates at 24h of clarithromycin group were (33.7?4.9)%, (48.0?4.9)%, (52.0?5.4)% and (53.0?7.1)% at 1, 5, 10 and 20 ?g/ml of clarithromycin respectively while the rate in control group was (31.5?3.5)% (P

BACKGROUND:Neural stem cels have the potential to differentiate into neurons and glial cels to replace the injured brain cels, so as to achieve the purpose of repairing nerve injury.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the neuronal differentiation ability of cel subsets with stem cel characteristics in the adult rat meningeal tissues.
METHODS:Under anesthesia, the meningeal tissues were obtained from adult Sprague-Dawley rats to make cel suspension folowed by inoculation and subculture. Then, the Nestin immunofluorescence staining was performed. The third generation cels were culturedin vitro with complete culture medium containing trichostatin A. After 7 days of induction, western blot assay was used to detect the expression of NF-200 and BM88 proteins in neural cels.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 24 hours of culture, some spherical cels were suspended and some cels adherent. In addition, some spherical cels scattered gradualy formed the clone spheres, and the growth rate decreased with the increasing volume. The positive expression of Nestin was detected by immunocytochemistry staining, and the cel nucleus was stained blue by Hoechst staining. BM88 and NF-200 proteins were al expressed at 7 days of neural induction. These findings indicate that the cel subsets with stem cel characteristics in the adult rat meningeal tissues can differentiate into neurons after in vitro induction.

Objective To observe the effect of saccharomyces boulardii combined with chiropractics in asphyxial newborn with feeding intolerance. Methods One hundred and twenty asphyxial newborn with feeding intolerance were allocated into observation group (68 patients) and control group (52 patients) by random digits table. The newborn in control group accepted trace feeding and parenteral nutrition treatment, and the newborn in observation group accepted additional oral saccharomyces boulardii and chiropractic therapy on the base of control group. The time of reaching to full enteral feeding, the time of restoring to birth weight, the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia and the total efficiency of treatment were observed. Results The time of reaching to full enteral feeding, the time of restoring to birth weight in either mild asphyxial newborn or severe asphxial newborn in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.01 or<0.05). The incidence of hyperbilirubinemia in mild asphyxial newborn or severe asphxial newborn in observation group was 16.7%(8/48) and 5/20, in control group was 36.8%(14/38) and 9/14, and there were significant differences (P<0.05). The total efficiency of treatment in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group:91.2%(62/68) vs. 69.2%(36/52), P<0.05. Conclusions Saccharomyces boulardii combined with chiropractics in asphyxial newborn with feeding intolerance can reduce the time of reaching to full enteral feeding and the time of restoring to birth weight. It can decrease the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia, and the treatment effect is obvious.

Objective To explore the diagnosis,treatment and outcome of testicular torsion in children. Methods The clinical data (including the onset,treatment and prognosis) of 19 children of acute testicular torsion were reviewed.The age ranged from 5 days to 13 years. Results There were 15 cases of left side testicular torsion and 4 cases of right side.All of the 19 cases underwent operation.Seventeen cases were with intravaginal torsion,of these 14 testicles were removed for necrosis and only 3 testicles were salvaged by operative detorsion.Two cases were of extravaginal torsion with testicular necrosis and therefore were removed. Conclusions Testicular torsion is a common emergency of scrotum in children.Immediately operation after admission to hospital is the key treatment for salvage of the testicle.

ObjectiveTo investigate the culture conditions of skin-derived precursors (SKPs) and to explore a new cell source for central nervous system cell transplantation.MethodCells from skins of juvenile and adult mice were isolated and cultured in serum -free medium, and mechanical methods were adapted to passage these cells and ce lls were identified by immunocytochemistry.ResultsA population of SKPs could be isolated from adult and neonatal skins. They co uld be maintained in vitro for extended periods with stable population doubling, and they were expanded as undifferentiated cells in culture for more than 8 pas sages, indicating their proliferative capacity. About 50?% of SKPs expressed n estin and the majorities of these cells expressed fibronectin when they were pla ted on polyornithine and laminin coated plates. About 5?% cells showed typical complicated neuronal states and expressed NF-M and NSE when SKPs were plated i n serum-containing medium. These cell could also differentiate into adipocytes and fibroblast-like cells.ConclusionsAdult skin contains stem cells capable of differentiating into neurons, adipocyt es and fibroblast-like cells. SKPs may represent an alternative autologous stem cell source for CNS cell transplantation.

Aim To investigate effects of loureirin B on capsaicin-evoked currents in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Methods In acutely isolated rat DRG neurons, effects of loureirin B on capsaicin-evoked currents were observed using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Results ① The holding potential was maintained at -60 mV and VR1 antagonist capsazepine inhibited capsaicin-evoked currents completely; ② Loureirin B concentration-dependently inhibited capsaicin-evoked currents. Loureirin B at the concentrations of 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 16.0 ?mol?L-1 reduced capsaicin-evoked currents by 15.36%?2.12%、36.41%?2.43%、76.26%?2.16% and 96.69%?3.21% (n=10, P

Objective To investigate the relationship of T peak-T end (Tp-Te) interval and Tp-Te interval disper-sion (Tp-Ted) in different periods of myocardial ischemia in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and to assess the clinical significance of Tp-Te and Tp-Ted for prediction of the ventricular arrhythmia (VA). Methods A total of 80 pa-tients with AMI were enrolled in the study. The sizes and changes of Tp-Te and Tp-Ted were observed during the acute phase and recovery phase in patients. The differences of Tp-Te and Tp-Ted were compared between ventricular tachycardia group (A group), ventricular premature beats group (B group) and non- ventricular arrhythmia group (C group). Results The values of Tp-Te and Tp-Ted were obviously longer in acute period [(125.22±17.70) ms and (54.76±13.26) ms] than those in recovery period[ (113.84±17.37) ms and (42.06±13.95)ms] (P<0.01). The values of Tp-Te and Tp-Ted were signifi-cantly longer in A group[ (134.82±19.56) ms and (62.00±15.19) ms] than those in B [(122.94±15.09) ms and (54.09±10.56) ms ]and C group [(110.09±15.21) ms and (45.27±9.85) ms]. The values were higher in B group than those of C group. Con-clusion The Tp-Te interval and Tp-Ted prolongated in acute phase than those of recovery phase in patients with AMI. Tp-Te interval and Tp-Ted can be used as an important index to predict VA in patients with AMI.

Objective To review the surgical results of 28 cases of endecardial cushion defect combined with double-ori-rice mitral valve. Methods Of 860 consecutive patients with endocardial cushion defect, double-orifice mitral valve was iden-tiffed in 28 patients (3.26% ) form October 1996 to November 2007. Intracardiac deformities were corrected simultaneously during the operation. Preoperative mitral valve function, surgical procedures and incidence of pestoperative mitral valve dys-function were reviewed and compared between patients with total endecardial cushion defect ( group Ⅰ, n = 11 ) and partial en-docardial cushion defect ( group Ⅱ, n = 17). Results There were 4 operative deaths in group Ⅰ caused by severe pulmonary inflammation in 3 cases and low cardiac output in 1 case. Two cases were identified as severe mitral valve dysfunction or steao-sis in reoperaticu or autopsy. There was no later death. Mitral valve function is not eatisfactory in group Ⅱ as compared with group Ⅰ in 3 to 89 months of follow-up( averaging 33 months). Conclusion Double-orifice mitral valve is a high risk factor for operative death in total endocardial cushion defect and the longer term results of partial endocardial cushion defect combined with double-orifice mitral valve is not satisfactory.