Objective To investigate the spectrum of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in Chinese patients with Leber′s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Methods The primary mtDNA mutations (G3460A?G11778A and T14484C) of 140 patients with LHON were detected by mutation-specific priming polymerase chain reaction (MSP-PCR), heteroduplex-single strand conformation polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (HA-SSCP), restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) and measurement of DNA sequence. The transmissibility of the patients′ stirps was analyzed. Results In the 140 patients with LHON, G11778A mtDNA primary mutation was found in 130 (92.9%), including 113 males and 17 females; G3460A mutation was found in 2 (1.4%) including 1 male and 1 female; G14484A mutation was found in 8 (5.7%) including 6 males and 2 females. Conclusion In Chinese patients with LHON, the incidence of G11778A mtDNA mutation is higher than that of G3460A and T14484C.

Objective To analyze the new primary mutation in Chinese people with Leber′s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Methods Genomic DNA was collected from 260 suspected LHON patients and 100 normal healthy persons. The mitochondria DNA mutation at nucleotide position (NP) 15257 and the hot spot (14452-14601 bp) of ND6 gene which include the mutations at NP (14482, 14498, 14568, 14596, 14495, and 14459) were screened by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), heteroduplex-single strand conformation polymorphism (HA-SSCP) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and sequencing. Primary mutation spectrum of Chinese race was analyzed. Results Eight kinds of polymorphism of mitochondria DNA were found in 260 suspected LHON patients and 100 normal healthy persons, including NP 14488C, 14518G, and 14617G which hadn't been reported (http://www.mitomap.org/). No mutation at NP 15257, 14482, 14498, 14568, 14596, 14495, and 14459 was found. Conclusion The NP 15257A may not be the primary mutation in Chinese. Because of the race difference, 14452-14601 bp in ND6 gene may not be the hot spot in Chinese patients with LHON, and other hot spots may exist.

Objective　To determine the sensitivity and specificity of using the computer-photoscreener and non-cycloplegic retinoscopy in the detection of amblyopiogenic factors in nine to fifty months old infants.Methods　Three hundred children whose ages range from nine to fifty months were screened with the computer-photoscreener and non-cycloplegic retinoscopy. With a masked standardized clinical assessment as the standard, an overall comparison of the results obtained with the two techniques revealed a sensitivity and specificity. Photoscreen images on the computer monitor screen were reviewed and analyzed immediately by two independent observers for indicators of amblyopiogenic risk factors. Simultaneously, the results were compared to the findings of a full ophthalmologic examination.Results　The computer-photoscreener revealed a sensitivity of 94.2% and specificity of 90.1%, and the non-cycloplegic retinocopy revealed a sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 81.1% for the detection of amblyopiogenic risk factors, including hyperopia (+2.75 D or more), myopia (-1.50 D or more), astigmatism (2.00 D or more),anisometropia (2.00 D or more), ocular misalignment (5 degrees or more), and media opacity (1.5mm or more). Conclusion　The computer-photoscreener offers an opportunity to identify problems that limit vision, and could provide a feasible and sufficiently reliable screening technique in infants and preschool children who can be screened successfully for amblyopiogenic risk factors.

Objective To investigate the blood perfusion characteristic of acute pancreatitis (AP) using multisection dynamic CT. To detect the changes of the perfusion parameters in patients with AP and assess the value of the perfusion parameters as severity indicators in AP. Methods 120 cases (34 cases of normal pancreas and 86 cases of AP) were examined for pancreatic perfusion from August 2006 to April 2008. The multisection dynamic CT perfusion series was performed by a multisection CT scanner (Siemens somatom Sensation 64) and the perfusion parameters, including BF, BV, TTP, PS, were collected and were compared with APACHE Ⅱ score, Ranson score, CRP, CTSI, time to abdominal pain cessation, length of hospital stay and complication rate for correlation analysis. Results The mean BF, BV, TTP and PS in AP patients were (113.57 ±50.04) ml · 100 mg~(-1) · min~(-1), (146.61 ±45.11) ml/L, (148. 88 ±21. 16) 0.1 s, (119.53± 52.36) 0. 5 ml · 100 ml · min , respectively; when compared with normal control, BF, BV decreased significantly (P<0.05) , while the change of TTP, PS were not statistically significant. Both BF and BV were correlated with APACHE II score, Ranson score, CRP, CTSI (P<0. 05) , as well as the time to abdominal pain cessation, length of hospital stay and complication rate (P < 0. 05). Conclusions Pancreatic vessel perfusion was decreased in AP. Both BF and BV were correlated with APACHE Ⅱ score and Ranson score, CRP, CTSI, and could be used to predict severity of acute pancreatitis.

Object The mineralogical and chemical compositions of the natural pharmaceutical montmorillonite clay were analysed with the aim of approaching the material base of its action Methods The means of X ray diffraction (SRD) and X ray fluorescence (SRF) were used for the quantitative analysis of the mineralogical and chemical compositions of the montmorillonite clay samples Results The essential mineralogical and chemical compositions of the six samples were obtained Conclusion Though there is some difference in mineralogical composition of the montmorillonite clay samples from different deposits, the average percentage of montmorillonite content in samples is 86%, and the chemical compositions of six samples are nearly similar

Objective To assess the value of multisection spiral CT perfusion in evaluating severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods Eighty two AP patients, who were admitted to the hospital between August 2006 and January 2008, were enrolled. Multisection dynamic CT (MSCT) perfusion was performed on all patients 48-72 hrs after admission by using a multisection CT scanner (Siemens somatom sensation 64), and 30 healthy subjects were served as controls. The data were processed on a siemens workstation using PCT software package. The parameters including blood folw (BF), blood volume (BV), peak time (TTP) and surface permeability (PS) were measured and compared. Results The values of BF, BV, TTP and PS in AP patients were (110.57±60.04) ml·100 ml-1·min-1, (156.68±65.11) ml/L, (146.58±29.46) 0.1 s, (110.73±62.66) 0.5 ml·100 ml-1·min-1, respectively. The decreased BF and BV were found in AP patients compared with controls (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in TTP and PS between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions The decreased perfusion in AP patients was associated with the severity of the disease. The parameters of BF and BV can be used to predicte the severity of AP.

Objective To explore the value of CD+4T lymphocyte count in laboratory diagnosis of AIDS complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods Forty-three patients with acute tuberculosis were selected as the subjects.Among them,14 patients had typical tuberculosis(X-ray or chest CT),29 cases were atypical tuberculosis(X-ray or chest CT).43 patients were examined by CD+4T lymphocyte count,sputum smear tuberculosis acid-fast bacilli test and T-SPOT.TB(interferon-γ release test),and the results of various methods were compared.Results The The number of CD+4T lymphocytes in patients with typical pulmonary tuberculosis was (151.26±59.47)/μL,and that in atypical pulmonary tuberculosis was (69.11±19.65)/μL,the difference was statistically significant(t=5.124,P<0.05);and with the reduction of CD+4T lymphocytes,AIDS patients showed more atypical pulmonary tuberculosis.The positive detection rates of CD+4T lymphocyte count,T-SPOT.TB and sputum smear were 86.05%,16.28% and 51.16% respectively.The positive rate of combined detection of three methods(90.70%) was significantly higher,the differences were statistically significant(x2=5.123,6.023,7.125,all P<0.05).Conclusion CD+4T lymphocyte count is of great value in the laboratory diagnosis of AIDS complicated with tuberculosis,and it is worthy to be widely carried out in clinical practice.

Objective To establish the rabbit model of radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) for the study of CT perfusion. Methods Forty-eight New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, 36 rabbits in test group were administered with 25 Gy of single fractionated irradiation in the whole unilateral lung, and the other 12 rabbits in control group were sham-irradiated. All rabbits were sacrificed at 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h, and 1,2, 4, 8, 16, 24 week after irradiation respectively, then six specimens were extracted from upper, middle and lower fields of bilateral lungs, respectively. The pathological changes were observed with light and electron microscopies. The expression of TNF-α and TGF-β1 in local lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results In test group, RILI occurred at early stage,characterized by acute inflammatory reaction, and featured by the progressing fibrosis at later stage. The expression of TNF-α and TGF-β1 1 and 72 h post-irradiation were statistically different between test and control groups (t = 3.04-14. 95,P ＜ 0. 05 ). Thickness of alveolar wall, density of pulmonary interstitium 12 h of post-irradiation, amount of fibroblast and fibrocyte from interstitium 24 h post-irradiation were statistically different between two groups ( t = 4.44-39. 78, P＜ 0.05 ), and correlated with the time postirradiation (r = 0. 821, 0. 872, 0. 682). There was statistical differences among the relative amount of collagen fibers at time points post-irradiation in test group ( F = 100.31, P ＜0.05), while no difference in control group ( F= 1.00, P ＜ 0.05 ). The relative amount of collagen fibers was statistically different between two groups 72 h post-irradiation (t = 3.07-45.18, P＜0.05 ), and correlated with the time postirradiation (r = 0.993 ). Conclusions Stable and reliable rabbit model of RILI could be established through single fractionated irradiation in whole unilateral lung with 25 Gy of high-energy X-rays, which may simulate the occurrence and development of evolution of RILI.

Objective To investigate the expressions of interferon γ(IFNγ), interferon inducible protein-10(IP-10). chemokine receptor CXCR3 and their significance in infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome(IAHPS). Methods Forty-three patients with IAHPS, 35 infection patients without HPS and 25 healthy controls were included in the study. The serum IFNγ and IP-10 levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The expression of CXCR3 on cell surface of CD_4~+ and CD_8~+ T cells in peripheral blood was determined by flow cytometry. SPSS 13.0 was used for data processing, and independent-sample t test was performed to compare the differences among the groups. Results The serum IFNγ and IP-10 levels in patients with IAHPS were( 608±135) pmol/L and(939±141) pmol/L respectively, which were significantly higher than those in without HPS group[(154±45) pmol/L and (385±119) pmol/L, t=4.97 and 4.02, P<0.05] and healthy controls[(56±18) pmol/L and (248±98) pmol/L, t=5.27 and 4.77, P<0.05]. The expressions of CXCR3 on CD_4~+ and CD_8~+ T cells in IAHPS group were (35±11)% and (23±8)% respectively, which were significantly higher than those in without HPS group[(24±7)% and (16±7)%, t=3.12 and 3.62, P<0.05] and healthy controls[(20±6)% and (12±5)%, t=4.46 and 4.93, P<0.05]. Conclusion The expressions of IFNγ, IP-10 and CXCR3 are increased significantly in patients with IAHPS, which may be related to the disease pathogenesis.

Taking Suxi Healthcare Center in Yiwu City, Zhejiang province as an example, the paper analyzed the present mission and organizational characteristics of township healthcare centers in China, especially their dual functionality of community public health and primary medicare. Based on such analysis, it designed a matrix-based model for organizational structure and job performance management for such heslthcare centers. The features are as follows. 1) The two dimensions of the matrix structure refer to the departments for medical treatment and the multi-village doctors team in the community, respectively and jointly offering primary medicare and public health services; 2) Jobs are designed based on the organizational structure and functionality. Every job carries out dual Junctions as described and managed by the job description and target responsibility certificate; 3) The job responsibility certificate is a breakdown of the balanced scorecard of the healthcare center, as divided between the departments for medical treatment and the multi-village doctors team; 4) The balanced scorecard of the township healthcare center is designed based on its strategic mission and developing plan. The entire organizational design and management of the center are built on the strategic orientation and logical programmed research.