Objective To understand the needs and suggestions of respiratory medicine specialist nurses training, in order to provide some basis for the establishment of training mode of respiratory medicine specialist nurses. Method Using objective sampling method, we interviewed 12 students of different seni-ority , qualifications , title in the first session of training of nurse specialist in department of respiratory medicine of Chongqing, using qualitative research methods to analyze the data of the interview. Result Respondents had unified opinion on the curriculum setting, conditions of the training base, the requirements of core competence of junior nurses in department of respiration, but there existed differences about the length of service of the students . And the length of service of the teachers needed further discussion . Conclusion The opinions of the respondents collected provide reference for the establishment of training mode of nurse specialist in department of respiratory medicine. However, the students' opinions on the estab-lishment of the training standards are not uniform, which is worth further discussion.

r governments and mescal institutions in their prevention and control.

Objective To observe the expression of neuron apoptotic protein caused by whole body gyperthermis (WBH) in rats anesthetized using propofol and chloral hydrate,and to explore the pathway of any hippocampal neuron apoptosis induced by WBH. Methods Sixty-three male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3groups,21 in each group.One guoup received neither anesthesia nor WBH treatment sa a control (group A);group B were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg of propofol;group C receivde a similar injection of chloral hydrate. This was followed by WBH (keeping the rats' core temperature at 42°for 30 min) for all three groups. The rats'brains were then removed 24 h after WBH to separate the ghpplcampal CA1,CA2 zones and the dentate gyrus regions.Any neuron apoptosis was detected using the TUNEL methol;Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 protein expression was measured with a SABC immmunogistochemical technique;and the changes in ultrastructure were observed tith an electron microscope. Results Compared with group A,the changes in the ultrastructure of neurons in the hippocampus changed after WBh were the most severe in group C.The changes included edema of the organelles,vacuolization of mitochondria,rarefaction of the endocytoplasmic reticulum,incopleasmic reticulum,incomplete synaptic membranes and autophagy.Both the number of apoptotic neurons and the expression of Bax and capase-3 protein in the hippocampus increased in the following order: group A＜group B＜group C.Expression of Bcl-2 protein in the hippocampus increased in the following order: group A＜group C＜group B. Conclusion Hippocampal apoptosis induced by WBh involves upregulating the expression of Bax and caspase-3 and downregulating the expression of Bcl-2.

Prion diseases are infectious and fatal neurodegenerative diseases. The pathogenic agent is an abnormal prion protein aggregate. Microglial activation in the centre nervous system is a characteristic feature of prion disease. In this study, we examined the effect of PrP 106-126 on PrP mRNA gene expression in Mouse microglia cells BV-2 by real-time quantitative PCR. PrP mRNA expression level was found to be significantly increased after 18 h exposure of BV-2 cells to PrP 106-126, with 3-fold increase after 18 h and 4.5-fold increase after 24 h and BV-2 cells proliferating occurred correspondingly. Our results provide the first in vitro evidence of the increase of PrP mRNA levels in microglial cells exposed to PrP 106-126, and indicate that microglial cells might play a critical role in prion pathogenesis.

This study is designed to investigate the effects of chinfloxacin hydrochloride (CFX) on the kinetics of HERG K+ channel. Whole cell patch clamp technique was used to record HERG K+ currents from HEK293 cells transiently transfected with cgi-HERG-GFP plasmids and channel kinetics were assessed in the absence and presence of CFX and moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MOX). Results demonstrated that the open state of HERG K+ channel was inhibited by CFX in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 162.1 +/- 14.2 micromol x L(-1), two folds higher than its positive control MOX. But there were no significant effects on channel kinetics. In addition, the inhibitory effect of CFX on HERG was enhanced when cells were subjected to altered extracellular K+ concentration.

Objective To assess the changes of humidity and ammonia concentration in rat and mouse individually ventilated cages (IVC) based on macroenvironmental humidity and air ventilation changes .Methods Three kinds of rat and mouse IVC in barrier facilities were set as research objective .The changes of micronvironmental humidity and ammonia concentration at 40 times/h and 60 times /h air changes were detected continuously for a 7-days-cycle relative to low (40%), moderate (50%), and high (60%) macroenvironmental humidity.Results Mouse and rat IVC with 40 times /h air changes under low macroenvironmental humidity condition , mouse IVC with 40 times/h and rat IVC with 60 times/h air changes under moderate macroenvironmental humidity condition , mouse IVC with 60 times /h air changes under high macroenvironmental humidity condition , basically meet the GB14925-2010 requirements.While under macroenvironmental high humidity condition, the microenvironments of rat and mouse IVC with 60 times/h air changes could not satisfy the requirements.Conclusions The environmental humidity and ventilation frequency are the key index of IVC microenvironment.Only on the basis of external environment conditions to set up reasonable IVC ventilation frequency in order to better maintain the IVC microenvironment so that to achieve the goal of effective management .

Objective To define dynamic changes of viral loads and antibody responses in ICR mice naturally infected with hepatitis virus in an MHV contaminative facility .Method A total 50 ICR were housed by different “dirty bedding” exposure.Antigen and antibody was detected after 2,4,8,14,21,28,35,42,56 and 84 days.Result Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) was detected in lung after 2 days, and positive rate is 20% (1/5).MHV was detected in lung, liver, cecal and feces during 4 and 56 days.The positive rate was 0/5 in lung, liver, cecal and feces on 84 days after experiments.Antibody positive rates were 100%during 8 and 84 days.Conclusion Serological method can be used as the main method for the diagnosis of the daily supervision , and antigen detection method can only be applied to early diagnosis .

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of fondaparinux combined with tirofiban in patients with high risk unstable angina (UA) undergoing complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods A total of 389 patients were enrolled and randomized into two groups receiving either fondaparinux with tirofiban or enoxaparin with tirofiban.Bleeding,thrombosis and main adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were compared between the two groups during hospitalization,at week 2 and week 4 after discharge.Results No severe bleeding was observed during hospitalization in the both groups,while lower rate of mild and minor bleeding was shown in the fondaparinux group (0 vs 1.5％ and 18.2％ vs 34.5％,P =0.04 and P ＜0.001 respectively).No difference was found between the two groups in the rate of MACE during hospitalization,at week 2 and week 4 weeks after discharge.The rates of death,recurrent myocardial infarction,refractory myocardial ischemia and target vessel revascularization were 0.5％ vs 1.0％,0.5％ vs 1.0％,1.6％ vs 1.0％ and 2.1％ vs 1.5％ during hospitalization;0 vs0,1.0％ vs 0.5％,1.0％ vs 1.5％,0.5％ vs 1.0％ at week2 after discharge; 0.5％ vs0.5％,0.5％ vs0.5％,2.6％ vs 2.0％,0 vs 0.5％ at week 4 after discharge (all P values ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The combination therapy of fondaparinux and tirofiban is of good safety and efficacy in high risk UA patients undergoing complex PCI.

Infectious disease hospitals are obliged to cope with public health emergencies such as outbreak of infectious diseases.Such hospitals are required to make early detection,early containment,proper management,reasonable preplans,timely training,targeted drills,reasonable deployment of hospital resources,appropriate protection for hospital staff.General hospitals should also cope with prevention and control of infectious diseases to some extent,and work with infectious disease hospitals hand in hand to better cope with such outbreaks.

Objective To investigate the current status about the application of alteplase (rt-PA) for intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke patients,and clarify the relevant factors affecting patients'compliance of intravenous thrombolysis.Methods The acute ischemic stroke patients admitted in Department of Emergency,from January 2014 to December 2015 were recruited for study prospectively.After the patients with contraindications of thrombolysis were excluded,the eligible patients were divided into two groups,intravenous thrombolysis group (ITG) and non-intravenous thrombolysis group (NTG).Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to determine the optimal cutoff point and the crucial NIHSS score of patients for decision on thrombolysis therapy.Results There were 230 patients with acute ischemic stroke occurred in the period of two years.Of 189 eligible patients,33 refused the intravenous thrombolysis treatment (NTG) whereas 156 willing to take the intravenous thrombolysis treatment (ITG).The intravenous thrombolysis rate of eligible ischemic stroke patients reached to Henan Provincial People's Hospital within the time window (4.5 hours) was 67.8％ without contraindications.The results of the single-factor analysis for the patients of the two groups displayed that the differences in factors including age,baseline NIHSS score,limb weakness,hemiplegic paralysis,dysphasia,as well as dizziness were significant between two groups (t =2.578,P =0.047;U =157.221,P =0.000;x2 =26.702,P =0.000;x2=9.069,P =0.003;x2 =7.381,P =0.007;x2 =28.636,P =0.000).The ROC analysis demonstrated the relationship between the baseline NIHSS score and the patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis.When NIHSS score ＜ 7,patients tended to refuse the treatment with intravenous thrombolysis (sensitivity 0.87,specificity 0.82).Among the patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis,the significant differences in intracranial hemorrhage rate,hospitalization mortality rate and 3-month mortality rate were not found between the patients with baseline NIHSS score≥7 and score ＜7 (1.9％ vs.3.9％,P =0.662;1.9％ vs.7.8％,P =0.168 and 3.8％ vs.11.7％,P =0.142,respectively).However a higher rate of favorable prognosis (3-month modified Rankin Scale score ≤ 1) was observed in thrombolysis patients (75.5％ vs.41.7％,P =0.000).Conclusions Factors such as age,baseline NIHSS score,limb weakness,hemiplegic paralysis,dysphasia,as well as dizziness are supposed to be associated with patients' compliance of intravenous thrombolysis.