OBJECTIVE:To investigate the anti-viral effects of Tongqiao zhike liquid against influenza A virus in vitro.METHODS:The inhibitive effect of Tongqiao zhike liquid administered by different ways against human influenza A virus(H3N2) in vitro and its time-effect relationship were assayed by crystal violet staining assay with ribavirin as positive control.RESULTS:Tongqiao zhike liquid showed a satisfactory comprehensive inhibitory effect against human influenza A virus as well as its proliferation after viral adsorption.It was found that Tongqiao zhike liquid had a weak effect in preventing viral adsorption and it had no direct antiviral effect.The inhibitory effect of low concentration of Tongqiao zhike liquid against influenza A virus weakened time-dependently,while at high concentration its anti-viral ability remained stable.CONCLUSION:Tongqiao zhike liquid has a satisfactory effect against human influenza A virus in vitro.

BACKGROUND: Phosphorylcholine-containing poly (L-lactide) (PLLA-PC) is a kind of novel amphiphilic copolymer with good biocompatibility and biodegradability. In the previous work, self-assembly micelles of PLLA-PC were prepared with film rehydration method. But it hardly formed micelle with film rehydretion method because the longer chains of LLA existed in the PLLA-PC copolymer. However, the mechanism of phosphotipid choline polymer with long hydrophobic chain forming micelle remains still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To prepare self-assembling nanoparticles of PLLA-PC using solvent evaporation method, and to explore the factors that affected the properties and stability of nanoparticles.METHOD: ① Nanoparticles were prepared with solvent evporation metod.PLLA-PC copolymer was dissolved into acetone, and the copolymer solution was added dropwise to distilled water with stirring to yield nanoparticles. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was performed on the F-7000FL220-240V. The emission and excitation wavelength were 395 nm and 300 mm, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was carried out on a JEM-100CX electron microscope to observe the morphology of PLLA-PC nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering measurements on nanoparticle solutions were performed on a NANOSIZE 3600 at room temperatire. ②Gel permeation chromatography(GPC)measurements were perfrmed on a Waters 717 apparatus equipped with an RI detector. THF was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mlJmin. A 1 g/L solution (50 μL) was injected for each analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: TEM indicated that the PLLA-PC nanoparticles presented typical shell/core structure. The critical micelle concentration was determined by fluorescent probe method. The results showed that the CMCs were quite low ( 10~(-3) g/L) and were dependent on the LLA units in the copolymer. The size and size distribution of the nanoparticles were detected by dynamic light scattering. The results indicated that the size could be affected by the LLA units, concentration of the organic solution and the concentration of the aqueous solution of the nanoparticles. On the other hand, they hardly changed over the dilution with water, which was of great importance in venous injection. They degraded at 37℃. PLLA-PC nanoparticles with controllable sizes can be prepared with phase separation method and might serve as a novel material for drug delivery.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of the extract of ginkgo biloba(EGb)on the spiralganglion neuron(SGNs)in cochlea tissues on the hearing loss induced by noise in rats.Methods Thirty-six healthy animals were randomly divided into three groups:the normal control group(n=12).the noise exposured group(n =12)and the EGb treamment group(n=12).The control group received no noise and no medications.The other two groups were exposed to the noise of 110 dB SPL for consecutively 10 days,6 hours per day.The treatment group rats were injected with 10 ml/d EGb while the other two groups with 0.9%saline of the same amount.The experiment lasted for ten days.The rats were measured by auditory brainsterm response(ABR)before and after niose exposure.The ultrastructural changes of SGNs were detected by tranismision electron microscpoe(TEM) and the contents of malondiadehyde(MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)were also measured.Results Hearing were signifcantlly decreased in the experimental group.Nevertheless,EGb relatively reduced the contents of MDA while increased the activities of SOD.Conclusion EGb seems to be able to moderately pretect SGNs and to play a preventive and remedial role in noise-induced hearing loss.

OBJECTIVE: To review classification and synthesis of amphiphilic polymers containing polyethylene glycol and the application as drug carriers.DATA SOURCE: A computer-based research was conducted in SCI-Expanded, El Compendex and China Journal Full-text Database for articles concerning classification and synthesis of amphiphilic polymers containing polyethylene glycol and their micelles application as drug carriers published from January 2000 to July 2009.DATA SELECTION: A total of 616 articles were primarily obtained. Following reading titles and abstract, articles addressing detail classification and synthesis of amphiphilic polymers containing polyethylene glycol and representative micellar influencing factor were included. Totally 31 English and Chinese literatures were collected for further analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Classification, synthesis and drug vector mechanism of amphiphilic polymers containing polyethylene glycol and the micellar application as drug carriers were measured.RESULTS: Star-shaped copolymer could elevate micellar stability, but there were many arm numbers, whicti might induced a decrease in drug carrier volume. Special group introduced in copolymer contributed to the combination of drug and carrier. To connect target group could provide target transport property. The length and density of polyethylene glycol chain in copolymer was related to micellar function. Changed the length and density of polyethylene glycol could obtain polymer micelles that circulated in vivo for a long time.CONCLUSION: Amphiphilic polymers containing polyethylene glycol has outstanding potential in medical drug carrier field and isolation technique.

OBJECTIVE:To develop a method for the determination of paraquat in human plasma,and to provide experimen-tal evidence for the therapy and prognosis of paraquat-poisoned patients. METHODS:The human plasma samples were processed using Waters Oasis solid phase extraction column. HPLC determination was performed on DiamonsilTM C18 chromatographic column with mobile phase consisted of 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer(containing 80 mmol/L sodium heptanesulfonate,pH adjusted to 3.0 by triethylamine)-acetonitrile (82∶18,V/V) at the flow rate of 0.9 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 258 nm. RESULTS:The linear range of paraquat were 20-5 000 ng/ ml;RSDs of inter-day and intra-day both were lower than 9%;average extraction recoveries were 90.72%-96.34%,and average method recoveries were 100.32%-103.10%. CONCLUSIONS:The solid phase ex-traction HPLC can determine the content of paraquat in human plasma rapidly and accurately.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for further formulation of the rational use of vancomycin. METHODS:Retro-spective analysis was conducted on the related information of discharged patients who intravenously used vancomycin from Jun. 2013 to Dec. 2014. RESULTS:178 patients were enrolled,with average age of 59.6 and 73.60% male,who were mainly with lung infectious(74.72%). Support examinations were sufficient before using of vancomycin. 66.29% patients were empirically giv-en vancomycin with pathogenic detection rate of 85.39%. 71.91% patients were conducted therapeutic drug monitoring with only 47.54% of first blood samples achieved the target range. CONCLUSIONS:Vancomycin application is generally rational in our hos-pital. However,issues like duration of empirical therapy,rational therapeutic monitoring,and individualized start dosing still need to be noticed.

Objective To investigate the anti-proliferation effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ)agonist troglitazone(TGZ)on leukemic Raji cells and its mechanisms.Methods Raji cells in culture medium in vitro were given different concentrations of TGZ(0～60 μmol/L)for 24,48 and 72 h.The inhibitory rates of the cells were measured by MTT assay,cell apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry(FCM),agarose gel electrophoresis was used to observe the DNA ladder,and western blotting was used to analyzed the variation of apoptosis related proteins bcl-2,Bax and Survivin.Results TGZ(over 20 μmol/L)could inhibit the growth of Raji cells and cause apoptosis remarkably,the suppression was both in time-and dose-dependent manner.DNA ladder was observed after the cells treated by TGZ for 72 h,and western blotting analysis revealed that anti-apoptotie proteins Survivin and bcl-2 were decreased remarkably while pro-apoptotic protein Bax increased significantly after the cells were treated by TGZ for 48 h.Conclusion PPARγ agonist TGZ can inhibit the growth and induce apoptosis on Raji cells significantly,downregnlating the expression of Survivin and bcl-2 as well as upregulating of Bax expression of Raji cells may be one of its most important mechanisms.

Objective To explore antiviral efficacy, safety and blocking of mother-to-infant transmission by administrating telbivudine in pregnant patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) throughout pregnancy. Methods Sixty-four cases of female patients were enrolled. The study participants were divided into the telbivudine treatment group (n = 31) and the control group (n = 33). Data were recorded from beginning of administration to ending pregnancy, as well as notation of any adverse reactions. The neonates and infants were evaluated in HBV infection, parameters of growth and development. Results The recovery rates of ALT, respectively, were 90.32% vs. 57.58% (P = 0.003), 93.55% vs. 62.50% (P = 0.003) at 24 weeks and ante partum and the HBVDNA-negative conversion rates, respectively, were 48.39% vs. 3.03% (P = 0.000), 83.87%vs. 6.06% (P = 0.000), 90.32% vs. 6.25% (P = 0.000) respectively, at 12, 24 weeks of pregnancy and at ante partum between the treatment and control groups. The HBsAg-positive and HBVDNA-positive rates of the infants, respectively, were 12.90% vs. 37.50% (P = 0.025) and 0 vs. 21.88% (P = 0.018) at birth, and respectively, were all 0 vs. 18.75% (P = 0.035) and 0 vs. 18.75% (P = 0.035) at 1, 6, 12 months old between the treatment and control groups. The treatment group showed lower incidence of intrauterine HBV infection (0 vs. 18.75%, P = 0.035). The gestational ages, fetal weights and Apgar scores were not significant different in the children born in the mothers from the two groups. Conclusions Telbivudine administration showed a good antiviral curative effect and effectively blocked mother-to-infant transmission in women with CHB. The treatment was safe and caused no obvious adverse reaction.

Objective To seek the predictive value of pudendal nerve function that need preventive anti-incontinence surgery at the same time following pelvic prolapse surgery in severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP) patients. Methods Seventy women completed this study from January 2014 to June 2015 in Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, dividing into four groups: POP with or without coexisting occult stress urinary incontinence (OSUI) in preoperation, women with persistent stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in postoperation, women without SUI in postoperation. The pudendal nerve function in preoperation was measured by using Solar Urodynamic Neuro Module, including pudendal nerve terminal motor latency (PNTML), and amplitude. Results There were statistical significance on bilateral PNTML between POP coexisting OSUI group and only severe POP group [(2.62±0.23) versus (2.40±0.26) ms in right of PNTML, (2.55 ± 0.21) versus (2.37 ± 0.30) ms in left of PNTML; all P<0.05], but no statistical significance on bilateral amplitude (P>0.05). Compared de novo SUI group with POP group in postoperation, de novo SUI group′s right of PNTML was significantly increased [(2.74 ± 0.16) versus (2.47 ± 0.26) ms; P<0.05]; and the right of PNTML was extending 2.5 standard deviation at least compared with the health′s [(2.10±0.20) ms]. Conclusions The PNTML of pudendal nerve of POP coexisting OSUI is severe than only severe POP, the velocity of nerve conduction is slowing, and PNTML extension has a predictive value for postoperative urinary incontinence. When the right of PNTML of preoperative POP increased by at least 2.5 standard deviations than health′s, the risk of SUI postoperative strongly increased, and a anti-incontinence surgery at the same time following pelvic prolapse surgery should be adviced.

ObjectiveTo discuss the epidemiological characteristic s of road traffic injuries in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and explore effective pre ventive measures against traffic accidents in the plateau as well as correspondi ng emergency treatment methods.MethodsA retrospective statis tical analysis was carried out in 1 894 cases of traffic injuries with detailed data admitted in our hospital from January 1980 to December 2000. Resu ltsMost of the traffic accidents occurred on the Qinghai-Tibet road, accounting for 68.0% (1 288/1 894). Of the patients with serious traffic inju ries, 54.0% (1 022/1 894) were in need of hospitalization. The patients who first entered into the plateau accounted for 61.1% (1 158/ 1 894). Death occurre d in 108 cases accounting for 5.7%. The duration from injury to treatment was ve ry long, average over six hours. Furthermore, the patients received no any manag ement before treatment in the hospital. ConclusionsHypoxia i n the plateau, unclear road sign and fatigue driving are the main factors leadin g to traffic accidents. Lack of health care units, serious hypoxia, long deliver y time and carriers' deficiency in medical knowledge are the main causes for gr eat amount of casualties.