Objective To investigate the illness-related stigma in outpatients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C and its effects on interaction anxiousness and general self-efficacy.Methods Forty-eight patients with chronic hepatitis B ( CHB),41 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and 29 healthy volunteers were enrolled.Hepatitis-related Stigma Questionnaire (HRSQ) produced by researchers was used to assess stigma in patients of both CHB and CHC.All patients and healthy volunteers were evaluated by Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS),General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ).Results Hepatitis-related stigma was common in both CHB and CHC.The most common positive items and their percentages of CHB and CHC were rejection in job seeking (81.2％,75.6％ ), keeping conditions about hepatitis secret (72.9％,75.6％ ),feeling discrimination in society (66.7％,56.1％ ) and rejection in mate selection (60.4％,61.0％ ),and the rarest ones and percentages were feeling lowest stress together with patients with the same disease (35.4％,31.7％ ) and being understood only by patients with the same disease (33.3％,26.8％ ).Differences of positive percentages of any items between CHB and CHC were not statistically significant (P ＞0.05 ).One-way ANOVA showed that difference of IAS scores among three groups of participants was not statistically significant ;and GSES score of CHB(2.41 ± 0.45 )was not statistically different from that of CHC (2.49 ±0.60 ),but they both were lower than that of healthy control (2.78 ± 0.52) (F=4.648,P =0.011 ).The multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that the item feeling much different from others of HRSQ entered the formula of CHB IAS score (B =4.861,adjustment R2 =0.106),and the item being understood only by patients with the same disease of HRSQ entered the formula of CHC IAS score (B =6.745,adjustment R2 =0.113);negative coping dimension score of SCSQ ( B =- 0.424),the item feeling discrimination in society ( B =-0.359) and feeling lowest stress together with patients with the same disease ( B =-0.274) entered the formula of CHB GSES score (adjustment R2 =0.280).Conclusion Illness-related stigma is common in outpatients with chronic viral hepatitis,which probably raises patients' interaction anxiousness and weakens the general selfefficacy of patients with hepatitis B and C.

Objective To explore the relationship between sleep disorder and management strategies in the elderly patients with primary hypertension.Methods The sleep status of 122 elderly patients with primary hypertension was evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) and Coping Style Questionnaire(CSQ).Results The mean score of PSQI was 8.34±3.81,and 63.93% (78/122) of the participants experienced sleep disorder.The most commonly used management strategy wag "problem-solving" (0.74±0.18) and "rationalization" (0.56±0.19).The management strategies were different by gender and age.The lowest score was found in the "ask-for-help" group(t=2.326,P=0.022),which was negatively related with sleep disorders (r=-0.208,P=0.022).Conclusions Intervention of management strategy in elderly patients with primary hypertension may help to improve their sleep quality.

Objective To explore the effect of RNA interference targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) gene on the proliferation of human tongue cancer cells (Tca8113 and Tscca). Methods HIF-1α-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vector and empty shRNA vector were respectively transferred into two kinds of cultured human tongue cancer cells. The expression of HIF-1αgene was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot method. The clone forma-tion assay was used to observe the cell proliferation. The cell counting was used to monitor the number of living cells. Flow cytometry was applied to detect cell cycle distribution. Additionally, the cells were injected into nude mice, and tumor form-ing condition was observed. Results After the shRNA HIF-1αplasmid was transfected into tongue cancer cells, the expres-sions of both HIF-1αmRNA and protein were significantly decreased in tongue cancer cells under hypoxia condition. The number of colony formation was significantly lower in HIF-1αsmall interfering RNA (siRNA) group than that in empty and negative control group. The cell counting revealed that the number of living cells was remarkably lower in HIF-1αsiRNA group than that in negative control group. Also, the cell cycle in HIF-1α siRNA group was arrested at G0/G1 phase after transfection and 48 hours hypoxia culture. Besides, the tumor volume was remarkably smaller in HIF-1αsiRNA group than that in negative control group after the tongue cancer cells transplanted into nude mice for several days. The statistical analy-sis indicated that the difference was significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion RNA interference targeting HIF-1α gene could suppress the proliferation of human tongue cancer cells effectively. HIF-1αgene could be researched as a new therapeutic target of tongue cancer in the future.

BACKGROUND:Both Ms Coat and Green OrTM desensitizers can seal dentinal tubules effectively, isolate the dentinal tubule from external stimuli and also reduce the dentinal hypersensitivity. The scholars around the world have discussed their effects from the descriptive and qualitative view.
OBJECTIVE:To quantitatively assess and compare the sealing effects of Ms Coat and Green OrTM desensitizers on dentine tubules.
METHODS:Thirty fresh human third molar samples were made into 3-mm dentin specimens that were treated with 17% EDTA for 2 minutes and randomly divided into three groups: Ms Coat group, Green OrTM group and control group with no treatment. In the former two groups, MS Coat desensitizer and Green OrTM desensitizer were applied respectively on the dentin surfaces. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the dentin surface and longitudinal sections.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Surface observation: In the control group, al of the dentinal tubules were exposed; in the MS Coat group, it was observed that almost al the dentinal tubules were obliterated; in the Green OrTM group, the dentin tubules were covered with irregular crystaline substance and only a smal number of exposed dentine tubules were visible but narrowed obviously. (2) Longitudinal profile observation: In the control group, the dentin tubules were strip-shaped and arranged in paralel without any blockage; in the MS coat group, the tubules were covered with dense sediments, and the dentinal tubules were basicaly closed; in the Green OrTM group, there were scaly crystaline material deposited within the dentinal tubules. Dentinal diameter and number of dentinal tubules were ranked as folows: control group > Green OrTM group > MS Coat group (P < 0.05). Both Ms Coat and Green OrTM desensitizers can occlude the tubules effectively, and moreover, the MS Coat is superior to the Green OrTM.

70%. The cluster analysis and factorial analysis showed that the fierceness, cruelty, and vital qi damaging were often clustered with each other and constituted the factors of main characteristics of Du-pathogen. In the Logistic regression analysis, it was discovered that fierceness, cruelty, and multi-damaging were closely related with the recognition of "the excessive pathogen damaging the health" (P

Objective To evaluate the in vitro effect of heat shock protein 70(HSP70)on interleukin-6 (IL-6)expression by cultured fibroblasts from psoriasis vulgaris lesions(PFbs).Methods Fibroblasts were isolated from the lesions of patients with psoriasis vulgaris and subjected to a primary culture.After 3 to 5 passages of culture,the fibroblasts were collected and used in the next experiment.Some PFbs were cultured with different concentrations(5,10,20,30 mg/L)of HSP70 for 48 hours,or with HSP70 of 30 mg/L for different durations(3,6,12,24,48,72 hours);some PFbs were incubated with HSP70 of 30 mg/L for 24 hours after pretreatment with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC,a specific inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B)for 30 minutes.PFbs receiving no treatment served as the control.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR were performed to measure the IL-6 protein expression in culture supematant and IL-6 mRNA expression by PFbs,respectively.Differences in the expression of IL-6 protein and mRNA between PFbs receiving different treatment were analyzed by using t test and Dunnett's t test.Results HSP70 significantly increased both protein production and mRNA expression of IL-6 in a time(0-48 h)-and dose(5-30 mg/L)-dependent manner.The expression levels of supernatant IL-6 protein and IL-6 mRNA were significantly higher in the PFbs treated with HSP70 of 10 mg/L for 48 hours than untreated PFbs((75.2 ± 15.4)ng/L vs.(47.2 ± 10.6)ng/L,0.439 ± 0.093 vs.0.249 ± 0.069,both P ＜ 0.05).A significant increase was observed as early as 6 hours in the level of IL-6 mRNA after the treatment with HSP70 of 30 mg/L,and 12 hours in the level of supematant IL-6 protein.Decreased supernatant IL-6 protein and IL-6 mRNA were noted for PFbs treated with PDTC and HSP70 of 30 mg/L compared with untreated PFbs((42.23 ± 9.41)ng/L vs.(68.40 ± 14.43)ng/L,0.144 ± 0.048 vs.0.295 ± 0.081,both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion HSP70 may increase the expression of IL-6 mRNA and protein by cultured PFbs via the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between parenting stress in parents and behavioral problems in preschool children, to provide scientific basis for prevention and intervention of preschool children′s behavioral problems. Methods: A sample of 208 preschool children were selected from Changsha. Parents were invited to complete the Conners Child Behavior Checklist (Parent Question) and Parenting Stress Index (PSI). Results: The proportion of preschool children with behavioral problems in this surveyed sample was 19.71% (41/208). The rate of higher level parenting stress was 19.71% (41/208). Total parenting stress scores in preschool children with behavioral problems were 83.46±16.76, which were higher than the scores 77.07±15.02 in those without behavioral problems (t=-2.38, P<0.05), and difficult child scales stress score in preschool children with behavioral problems were 29.95±6.44, which were higher than the scores 26.71±6.10 in those without behavioral problems (t=-3.02, P<0.05). Total parenting stress scores was positively related with each of dimension of behavioral problems (r=0.14-0.42, P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusion The behavioral problems is positively related with parenting stress in preschool children. Therefore, the parents of preschool children should adjust their parenting stress, so as to create a warm growing environment for their children, thus reducing the behavioral problems of preschool children.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Yinaotongluo Capsule on diffuse weighting image and enenery metabolism of ischemia-reperfuing rat.MethodsMagnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) and 1H and magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS) were performed in different brain regions in focal cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury model rats. ResultsYinaotongluo Capsule could significantly reduce the area and the intensity of infarction of rats by DWI 3 h and 5 d after treatment compared with the model group.The result of 1H MRS examination demonstrated Lac peak was lower and NAA peak higher than that of the model group. ConclusionYinaotongluo Capsule can effectually improve enenery metabolism during cerebral ischemia and reperfuing, so that to reduce the neuronal dysfunction and death in infarcts at the late stage.

AIM:To study the effects of transforming growth factor-β_1 (TGF-β_1) on cell apoptosis,cell cycle,production of endogenous TGF-β_1,expressions of P27~(Kip1),cyclin E and bcl-2 mRNA levels in NB4 cells. METHODS:Apoptotic morphological changes were observed by Wright-Giemsa staining. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected with flow cytometry. Semiquantitative RT-PCR was used to examine the mRNA levels of endogenous TGF-β_1,P27~(Kip1),cyclin E and bcl-2. RESULTS:TGF-β_1 significantly restrained the growth and promoted the apoptosis of NB4 cells. The blockage of NB4 cells treated by TGF-β_1 at concentration of 5 μg/L was in G1 phase. Endogenous TGF-β_1 mRNA expression in NB4 cells was up-regulated when the concentration of exogenous TGF-β_1 was <5 μg/L. Meanwhile,the expression of endogenous TGF-β_1 mRNA was down-regulated when the concentration of exogenous TGF-β_1 was 10 μg/L. After treated with TGF-β_1 at concentration of 5 μg/L,P27~(Kip1) mRNA expression in NB4 cells was up-regulated,cyclin E and bcl-2 were reduced. CONCLUSION:TGF-β_1 is able to induce apoptosis and cell cycle distribution abnormally in NB4 cells by (1) Up-regulation of endogenous TGF-β_1,so that NB4 cells was induced into apoptosis through consequently high expression of P27~(Kip1). (2) TGF-β_1 may lead to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the expression of cyclin E directly,or by inhibiting the activity of cyclin E through the increased expression of P27~(Kip1). (3) Down-regulation of bcl-2 induces apoptosis of NB4 cells.

Objective To explore the changes of the white matter integrity in paranoid schizophrenia.Methods Diffusion weighted images of the 19 patients' with paranoid schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls'whole brains were acquired with a single-shot echo planar imaging ( EPI ) sequence aligned to the straight axial plane. After preprocessed with DTI-studio and SPM5 software, the fractional anisotropy (FA) images of the two groups were compared by two-sample t-test with SPM5 software. Results Subjects of paranoid schizophrenia demonstrated reduced FA in the right thalamus white matter(x = 18 ,y = - 10,z = 14,cluster = 194, t= -3.27, P=0.000 ) and demonstrated increased FA in the right insula white matter ( x = 34, y = -10, z = 12, cluster = 113, t =4.50, P = 0.004 ). Conclusion Schizophrenia has conflicting changes of white matter integrity in some brain areas.