Objective To study the drug resistance and production status of highly producing AmpC enzymes, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and drug resistance in Acinetobacter bau-mannii. Methods Drug sensitivity test was performed with Kirby-Bauer method. ESBLs were detected with phenotype confirmatory test (double-disk synergy test), and highly producing AmpC enzymes were measured with phenotype screening method. Results 93 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were mainly obtained from respiratory department and neurosurgery, and isolated from sputum/pharyngeal stab, raw surface/wound secretion and urine samples. 15 strains (16.1%) of highly producing AmpCenzyme-producing Acinetobacter baumannii were detected, so were 10 strains (10. 8%) of ESBLs-pro-ducing isolates. All enzymes-producing strains displayed multi-resistant, and their resistant rates to the third cephalosporin, penicillins and aztreonam were much higher than enzymes non-producing ones. None was detected resistant to imipenem. Conclusion Occurrence of highly producing AmpC en-zymes and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is one of causes for Acinetobacter baumannii multi-resistance. It suggests that detection of ESBLs-producing isolates should be strengthened so as to prevent their outbreak and spread.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the bacterial distribution and antibiotic resistance of main pathogens from urinary tract infection (UTI) in our hospital for the guidance of rational use of antibiotics. METHODS The antibiotic resistance of clinical pathogen isolates from urinary tract infection by routine bacterium culture from Jan 2006 to Dec 2007 were studied retrospectively. The extended spectrum ?-lactamases (ESBLs) were detected out to the Gram-negative bacilli. RESULTS There were 722 strains of pathogens in the whole 2773 urinary samples with the isolating rate 26.0%. Most of the Urinary tract infections of patients were caused by Gram-negative bacilli (69.4%),then by Gram-positive cocci (16.3%) and fungi (14.3%). The most common pathogens in urinary tract infection were Escherichia coli (47.9%),Enterococcus faecais (7.9%),E. faecium (4.0%),Proteus mirabilis (3.9%),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.5%). The Gram-negative bacilli were found to be sensitive to imipenem and meropenem,but highly resistant to the most other antibiotics,while P. mirabilis was susceptive to amikacin and cephalosporins. The Gram-positive cocci were more sensitive to nitrofuvantoin and vancomycin,but highly resistant to penicillin,oxacillin and SMT. CONCLUSIONS E. coli is still the primary urinary pathogen among patients,and highly resistant to a lot of antibiotics,We should carry out cultivation,isolation,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing as soon as possible to guide reasonable clinical drug therapy.

OBJECTIVE To develop the strong and the specific multi-epitope antigen for the exploiting diagnosis of Treponema pallidum.METHODS The immuno-dominant epitopes of Tp0453 and Tp17 were amplified by PCR respectively,and subcloned into the expression vector pQE32 to generate multi-epitopes recombinant plasmid pQE32/Tp0453-17.The recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli M15.The immunoresponse of recombinant fusion protein was analyzed by Western blot.RESULTS The multi-epitopes recombinant plasmid was successfully constructed,enzyme digestion analysis and sequencing showed that the inserted target genes were Tp0453 and Tp17 gene,compared with the gene reported by GenBank,it had 100% similarity;SDS-PAGE analysis showed the recombinant plasmid could be expressed in M15,its relatively molecular mass(Mr) of expressed product was about 52.0?103.The Western blot result showed the recombinant protein could be recognized by anti-T.pallidum positive serum.CONCLUSIONS The expressed multi-epitopes recombinant antigen showed excellent immunoresponse.The results lay the foundation for research on development of quick diagnostic kit applying to detection of T.pallidum infection.

Objective To explore the relationship between quality items of chest compression for resuscitation of cardiac arrest and to identify the key points in chest compression training and practice.Method The training project was offered to 219 healthcare workers by using Laerdal ACLS advanced life support resuscitation model, and the quality issues of chest compression were monitored including compression hands placement,compression rate,compression depth,and chest wall recoil,as well as selfreported fatigue time by Laerdal Computer Skills and Reporting System.Results The quality of chest compression was related to the geuder of the practitioner.The items in males including self-reported fatigue time,the accuracy of compression depth and the compression rate,the accuracy of compression rate were higher than those in females.However,the chest recoil rate was higher in females than that in males.The quality items of chest compression were correlated with one another. The self-reported fatigue time was related to all the items except the compression rate.Conclusions It is necessary to offer cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training courses regularly. In clinical practice,it might be better to change the practitioner before fatigue,especially for female or weak practitioners.In training projects,more attention should be paid to the control of compression rate, in order to delay the fatigue, guarantee enough compression depth and improve the quality of chest compression.

AIM: In order to study the relationship between the ERK and p38 MAPK activation and the protection of 11, 12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11, 12-EET) and ischemia preconditioning (IP), the effects of 11, 12-EET and ischemic preconditioning on phosphorylated ERK and p38 MAPK during ischemia and reperfusion in rat myocardium were examined. METHODS: The rat heart was subjected to ischemia for 5 min by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by reperfusion for 5 min (two times) to undergo ischemia preconditioning. The rats were divided into 5 groups: (1) control; (2) sham group; (3) ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group, in which the rat heart suffered from 60 min ischemia followed by 30 min reperfusion; (4) IP plus I/R group; (5) EET plus I/R group, in which 6.28?10 -8 mol/L 11, 12-EET was injected intravenously 20 min before I/R. The heart function was examined, and phosphorylated ERK and p38 MAPK were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: At 30 min reperfusion, +dp/dt max ,-dp/dt max and LVDP decreased significantly in I/R group compared with sham group, IP plus I/R group and EET plus I/R group; Phosphorylated ERK1/2 level was higher in I/R group than sham group, but was lower in I/R group than IP plus I/R group and EET plus I/R group; Phosphorylated p38 MAPK level was lower in control, sham, IP plus I/R and EET plus I/R group than I/R group. CONCLUSION: 11,12-EET protects rat heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury, the mechanism may be related to activation of ERK1/2 and inhibition of p38 MAPK. [

Objective To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in rabbit abdominal arterial atherosclerotic plaque. Methods Eighteen male New Zealand rabbits weighing 2 kg were randomized to normal control group (n=6) and hypercholesterolemia group (n=12). The latter was given hypercholesterol diet for 2 weeks, and then catheter-induced abdominal aortic wall injury was performed. Rabbits in hypercholesterolemia and aortic injury group were randomized to model group (n=6,4 weeks of hypercholesterol diet) and atorvastatin(5 mg?kg-1?d-1 for 4 weeks)group (n=6). Finally, the levels of MMP2 and MMP9 protein and mRNA in the abdominal aortic artery were measured by immunohistochemical analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) zymography. Results The intimal-medial thickness[(0. 49?0. 072) mm vs (0.66?0.079) mm, P

Objective To evluate the efficacy of ureteroscope and holmium laser in the treatment of ureteral stones. Methods 48 cases of ureteral stones were ureteroscopicaly treated by the use of the above mentioned lithotripter from February 2001 to August 2001. Results 98%(47/48)of the stones being expelled within 5 days after the double J tube were pulled out.No complicaticons occurred. Conclusions Treatment of the ureteral stones by the use of ureteroscope and holmium laser is safe and effective.

Pender′s health promotion model explains the factors influencing health behaviors, which provides a framework for nursing practice and research. Functional exercise compliance in postoperative patients with breast cancer was in a low level, this article reviewed factors influencing functional exercise among breast cancer survivors through three aspects based on health promotion model and made some suggestions on nursing intervention, to promote the rehabilitation of this population.

In this paper,through the questionnaire analysis of teachers' teaching quality,the author got to know the students were contented with the teaching quality and there were some problems in the classroom teaching. Moreover,the author offered a few advises to improve the teaching level and teaching quality.

Objective To observe change of T regulatory cells (Tregs) and its relation with in-jury severity and sepsis following severe muhiple injury. Methods A total of 60 patients were em-ployed in the study and divided into severe group (30 patients) and critical group (30 patients) based on ISS scores and into sepsis group (22 patients) and non-sepsis group (38 patients) based on complication of sepsis. The proportion of Tregs in peripheral blood in different groups was detected by flow cytometry at days 1,3,5 and 8 after injury. Results The proportion of Tregs was significantly increased at day 5 postinjury, with statistical difference compared with that at day 3 postinjury (P < 0.01). The proportion of Tregs remained increasing at day 8 pestinjury (P < 0.05). At day 8 postinjury, the proportion of Tregs in critical group was significantly higher than that in severe group (P < 0.01). At the same time, the proportion of Tregs in sepsis group was significantly higher than that in non-sepsis group (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation of Tregs proportion with ISS score (rs =0.654, P < 0.01). Conclusions Tregs play an important role in suppression of T cell-mediated im-munity after severe injury. The variation of Tregs can help evaluate prognosis and predict the risk of com-plicating sepsis in patients with severe multiple injury.