Objective To explore the therapeutic mechanism of Huangqin Zhengqi Capsule(HZC)for the syndrome of damp retention in middle-jiao.Methods The rat model of damp retention in middle-jiao was established according to the literature.HZC was administered by gastric gavage in the dosage of 0.175,0.350 and 0.700 g/kg.After treatment,the serum gastrin content,small intestinal absorbency to D-xylose,small intestinal peristalsis,activities of gastric mucosal protective factors such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase(CAT)as well as gastric pathologic changes were observed.Results HZC can obviously increase serum gastrin content,increase small intestinal absorbency to D-xylose and peristalsis of small intestine,increase the activities of SOD and CAT,as well as improve the gastric pathologic changes in model rats(P

Objective To investigate re-innervation in the neovaginal mucosa of patients underwent sigmoid colon vaginoplasty in treatment of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kistner-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS).Methods Biopsies in the upper third of the posterior neovagina were taken in 20 patients treated by sigmoid colon vaginoplasty at 1, 2 and 3 years after surgery, respectively. Protein gene product 9. 5 ( PGP 9. 5 ),vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) were detected by immunohistochemical method and compared with those in intact sigmoid colon mucosa. Results ( 1 ) Density of nerve fiber:abundant distribution of PGP 9. 5 nerve fibers were observed in the mucosal muscle layer, submucosa, and smooth muscle layer of the neovagina. The nerve fibers of VIP and NPY immunoreactivity were mainly distributed around blood vessels and in the smooth muscles. In the neovagina, the density of nerve fibers of PGP 9. 5 of 17 ± 6 were much more than VIP of 2. 9 ± 1.0 and NPY of 2. 5 ± 0. 8 significantly ( P ＜ 0. 05 ).( 2 ) Expression of PGP 9. 5 in neovagina: at 1 year after surgery, PGP 9. 5 positive expression of 14 ± 4 was significantly lower in the neovagina than 28 ± 7 in the intact sigmoid colon( P ＜ 0. 05 ). However, after 2 to 3 years, its expression displayed an upgrade tendency in the neovagina and was significantly higher at the 3 year postoperatively than that at the 1 years postoperatively ( 22 ± 7 vs. 14 ± 4, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The changes were much more obvious in submucosa. (3) The expression of VIP and NPY in neovagina: at 1 year after surgery, VIP and NPY positive nerve fibers were also decreased in the neovagina when compared with those in the intact sigmoid colon ( 2. 3 ± 0. 7 vs. 5.3 ± 1.4, P ＜ 0. 05; 2.5 ± 1. 1 vs. 5.5 ± 1.1, P ＜ 0. 05 ) . At 2 to 3 years after surgery, the positive VIP fiber showed initially decreased and subsequently increased tendency. The density of VIP of 3.7 ± 0. 7 in the neovagina at 3 years postoperatively was higher than 2. 3 ±0. 7 at 1 years postoperatively (P ＜ 0. 05 ). No significant up-regulation was observed in NPY-positive expression in the neovagina within 3 years after operation. Conclusions Distribution of sensory PGP 9. 5,VIP and NPY immunoreactive nerve fibers was similar to the pattern observed within the intact sigmoid colon wall. The number of nerve fibers in the neovagina decreased after surgery and then increased subsequently within 3 years after surgery.

quamous metaplasia occurred, the expression of occludin and ZO-1 in cells were similar to those in control group, which might play a role in the defense function of neovaginal mucosa.

Objective To study the method of preparation of donor liver in liver transplantation. Methods The methods and skills of donor liver preparation and the anomaly artery reconstruction of graft in 64 cases of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) were retrospectively analyzed. Results All allografts had preparation and were suitable for clinical transplantation. Thirteen cases with hepatic artery anatomy variation were found. Among the 13 cases, 5 cases were reconstructed. Splenic artery (3/5) and gastro-duodenal artery (2/5) were typically used for anastomosis of the variant hepatic arteries. No complications resulted from donor liver preparation. Conclusions Correct preparation of the donor hepatic artery and biliary tracts, can decrease the incidence of hepatic artery and biliary tract complications after liver transplantation, and is the key to ensure successful donor liver preparation.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of the serial position effect combined with delayed recall of auditory verbal learning test in diagnosing the elderly patients with different levels of cognitive impairment.Methods:A total of 310 subjects were enrolled and divided into three groups: the normal control group(NC group, n=128), the mild cognitive impairment group(MCI group, n=133)and the mild Alzheimer's disease group(mild AD group, n=149)matched for gender, age and education level.Comprehensive neuro-psychological tests were performed on all subjects, and the Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Huashan version(AVLT-H)was used to analyze the serial position effect.Results:There were significant differences in the primacy effect of the second and third time of immediate recall, short-term and long-term delayed recall among the three groups( P<0.05), but no difference was found in the recency effect between the MCI and mild AD groups( P>0.05). The long-term delayed primacy effect combined with the short-term delayed recall showed a better validity to distinguish those elderly subjects with different levels of cognitive impairment than other memorial indexes, and the correlative sensitivity and specificity were 83.21% and 71.43%(NC group vs.MCI group), 85.71% and 92.86%(NC group vs.mild AD group), 66.67% and 75.57%(MCI group vs.mild AD group), respectively. Conclusions:The long-term delayed primacy effect combined with the short-term delayed recall can assist in distinguishing elderly patients with different levels of cognitive impairment.

Animal gastrointestinal tract contains a complex community of microbes, whose composition ultimately reflects the co-evolution of microorganisms with their animal host. The gut microbial community of humans and animals has received significant attention from researchers because of its association with health and disease. The application of metagenomics technology enables researchers to study not only the microbial composition but also the function of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. In this paper, combined with our own findings, we summarized advances in studying gastrointestinal tract microorganism with metagenomics and the bioinformatics technology.
Animals ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; microbiology ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; etiology ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; etiology ; Metagenome ; physiology ; Metagenomics ; methods ; Obesity ; etiology

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of hepatectomy for huge focal nodu-lar hyperplasia of the liver. Methods The clinical data of 29 cases of huge FNH of the liver with an average diameter of 12.5 cm (10-26 cm) who were admitted to our hospital from 1996 to 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Lesions protruded from the liver in 26 cases, compressed extrahepatic organs in 10 and adjoined or compressed hepatic hila in 19. Results All the lesions were successfully resected without operative death. The mean intraopreative blood loss was 747 ml (100-4000 ml). The first he-patic portal blocking was performed in 27 cases and the mean blocking time was 26 min (13-78 min).Among 19 cases of huge FNH involving hepatic hila, the mean intraopreative blood loss was 1011 ml,the mean blocking time 30 min and the liver cross-section was not completely sutured in 7 of these ca-ses. The intraoperative hemorrhea occurred in 7 and postoperative biliary fistula in 1. Twenty-seven cases were followed up for a median of 46 months (4-132 months) with no recurrence and the longest survival time had reached to 11 years. Conclusion Hepatectomy is a safe and feasible means for huge focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. For those involving hepatic hila, distinguishing between the le-sion and intrahepatic vessels, performing resection closely around the lesion and dealing with the liver cross-section properly may be helpful to reduce the surgical complications.

Objective To determine the risk factors of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to study the prognostic factors of long-term survival.Methods Of the 4209 patients with HCC diagnosed and treated at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital from Apr 2002 to Nov 2006,200 patients (4.8％) presented with ruptured HCC.These patients were studied retrospectively and the results of treatment were evaluated and compared with a randomly selected group of 202 patients who had no history of rupture and were treated during the study period.Results On multivariate logistic regression analysis,co-existing hypertension and cirrhosis,tumor size ＞5 cm,vascular thrombus and extrahepatic invasion were predictors of spontaneous rupture of HCC.For the 200 patients with spontaneous rupture of HCC,105 patients underwent elective one stage hepatic resection,33 received transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE),and 62 were treated conservatively.The median survival time (MST) for patients with spontaneous rupture of HCC was 6 months (range,1-72 months),and the overall survival rates at 1-,3-and 5-year were 32.5％,10％ and 4％,respectively.The MST was 12 months (range,1-72 months) in the surgical group,4 months (range,1-30 months) in the TACE group and 1 month (range,0-19 months) in the conservative group.The 1-,3-and 5-year overall survival rates in patients with ruptured HCC who received partial hepatectomy were 57.1 ％,19.0％ and 7.6％,respectively,compared with 77.1％,59.8％ and 41.2％ in 98 patients who underwent partial hepatectomy for HCC without rupture (P＜0.001).Conclusions For patients with HCC who had underlying of hypertension and cirrhosis,extrahepatic invasion and tumor size ＞5 cm,there was a high propensity to rupture.Prolonged survival could be achieved in selected patients who received one-stage partial hepatectomy,although the survival results were inferior to the patients had no rupture.

According to teaching practice,the authors discuss the problems on teaching exploratory experiment of experimental physiology sciences and propose some reflection and suggestions.