Objectives To explore the pathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis of medulloblastoma (MB) in children. Methods Pathological characteristics, treatment outcomes and other clinical data were retrospectively analyzed in 60 children with MB. Results The MB in all 60 children were high-grade tumor. The pathological type was mainly classic (45 cases, 75.00%) and other subtypes were seen in 15 cases (25.00%). Forty-eight (80.00%) children had total resection by micro-surgery, 9 children (15.00%) subtotal resection, and 3 children (5.00%) partial resection. Twenty-seven children were treated by radiotherapy after surgery, 6 children were treated by chemotherapy after surgery, and 5 children were treated with radiotherapy combined chemotherapy after surgery. Thirty-eight cases were followed up. The 2-year survival and disease-free survival rates were 63.16%and 55.26%. The 5-year survival and disease-free survival rates were 26.32%and 18.42%. The children with des-moplastic/nodular type survived significantly longer than the children with large cell anaplastic. The children with total resection survived significantly longer than the children with partial resection. The children with radiotherapy or chemotherapy survived significantly longer than the children without chemotherapy (P<0.05). Conclusions MB in most of children is high-grade tu-mors and the prognosis is poor. The pathological type is related with prognosis. Microsurgical total resection is the first choice of treatment. Postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy can increase the survival rate.

[Objective ] To evaluate the curative effect of urinary retention caused by hyperplasia of prostate gland after treatment of electric acupuncture to Ciliao and Zhongliao acupoints combined with ultrashort wave therapy.[Methods] 35 patients were treated by electric acupuncture to Ciliao and Zhongliao acupoints cooperating with ultrashort wave therapy.Residual urine volumn(RUV),frequency of urinary retention,the therapeutic effect and follow-up were recorded and statistically analyzed.[Results] 29 patients were able to urinate after the therapy,except for 6 patients who were still in urinary retention condition.Effective rate were up to 82.8%.[Conclusion] It proved that the less the frequency was,the better the clinical effect would be.However,no matter how frequent the retention was,our combination therapy still worked,and both effects of the near future and long-term were proved to be fine.Special therapeutic action from Shu acupoint,electric acupuncture's electric current effect,and physical therapy of ultrashort wave contributed to the outcome.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of clinical application of HLA-DRB,DPB1 genotyping by PCR-SSP,RFLP for alloge-neic bone marrow transplantation(Allo-BMT) .Methods: Corresponding to each of the DRB alleles, nineteen different pairs of sequence specific primers were used to PCR amplify them from twenty samples in both recipients and donors and their amplified products were directly analyzed on agarose gel. At the same time, a pair of primer was used to PCR amplify the second exon of DPB1 and the restriction fragment length polymorphisms were analyzed on PAGE after their PCR products were separately digested by ten endonucleases. Results: Each DRB was typed in according to its clear and visualized electrophoresis band; the DPB1 genotype was also determined by analysis of all codes representing polymorphism fragment band with a computer. Four couples of recipient and donor were matched. Conclusion:PCR-SSP and RFLP are rapid, accurate and reliable genotyping approaches for Allo-BMT.

Objective To study the relationship between white blood cell(WBC) count and cardiac events in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) patients treated with reperfusion in the early stage. Methods Two hundred and thirty-five patients with acute STEMI were divided into two groups:percutaneous coronary intervention group (PCI group, 97 patients) and thrombosis therapy group (138 patients). WBC count and cardiac events of the two groups before and after treatment (3 h and the second day and the third day) were recorded and compared. Results The level of WBC count had no changes in two groups before and after treatment in first 3 h (P>0.05) , while the level of WBC count was significantly decreased, and the level of WBC count was significantly lower in PCI group than that in thrombosis therapy group (P<0.05). The rate of no cardiac events and two cardiac events in two groups has no significant differences (P > 0.05). The rate of one cardiac events in PCI group was significantly higher than that in thrombosis therapy group (P<0.05). The rate of three cardiac events in PCI group was significantly lower than that in thrombosis therapy group (P<0.05). WBC count had a positive correlation with cardiac events rate (r = 0.231, P < 0.05). Conclusions Primary percutaneous coronary intervention decreases WBC count and cardiac events rate. In patients with acute myocardial infarction, level of WBC count has positive relationship with cardiac events.

Objective To investigate the nasal endoscope Television Co-line self-retaining laryngoscope vo-cal polyps surgery treatment. Methods 121 cases diagnosed of vocal cord polyp (of which 54 cases of bilateral, u-nilateral 67 cases), in the serf-retaining laryngoscope and surveillance camera system of vocal cord polyp removed and opened Lacunar Reinke and will preoperative laryngoscopy and laryngoscopy after surgery and review the results of the video and retain. Results 4 weeks to review 70° nasal endoscope, and 116 cases of vocal sounds close to nor-mal, the cure rate reached 95.9 percent, and the remaining five cases because of vocal hypertrophy or incomplete closure of the vocal cords, sounds worse than normal shoots. Follow-up 3～18 months without recurrence, no serious complications. Conclusion The nasal endoscope and television surveillance camera system of amplification, in par-ticular, Reinke Lacunar throat image more clearly, so that lesions can be completely removed, and the vocal cords can be a very good organization had to protect, and by retaining the video can be pre-operative, during and after vo-cal dynamic comparative situation.

Objective To investigate correlation between cystatin C (Cys C) and target organ damage (TOD) in elderly hypertension and its clinical significance.Methods One hundred patients with TOD in elderly hypertension were selected as an observation group.One hundred patients without TOD in elderly hypertension were recruited as the controll group.And sixty healthy aged persons were recruited as healthy group.Serum concentration of Cys C in all cases was measured by the particle enhanced nephelometric immunoassay.At the same time,serum creatinine (Scr),urine albumin (mALB) and left ventricle mass index (LVMI) via ultrasonography were also detected.Correlation of Cys C with the above measurements were analyzed.Results The Cys C concentration was significantly higher in observation group [(1.84±0.32) mg/L] than in contrast [(0.92±0.36) mg/L] and healtbygroups [(0.85±0.34) mg/L],F=88.43,P=0.000.However,the difference in level of Cys C was not statistically significantly different between controll group and healthy group (P ＞0.05).In observation group,serum concentration of Cys C was positively correlated with Scr,mALBand LVMI (r=0.420,0.526,0.470,P=0.021,0.019,0.034) after adjusting age.Conclusions Serum level of Cys C is markedly elevated and is positively correlated with Scr,mALB and LVMI in patients with TOD in elderly hypertension.It can be considered as one of the useful factors for evaluating TOD in elderly hypertension.

Objective: To study the expression of the proliferating c el l nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cell nuclear area in the different layers of oral d ysplasia epithelium. Methods: S-P immunohistochemical method an d morphometric technique(computer image measurement method) were used to examine the PCNA and cell nuclear area in the different layers of the normal oral epith elium(NOR) in 8 cases and abnormal oral epithelium in 46 cases including mild d ysplasia(LD), moderate dysplasia(MD), severe dysplasia(SD) and well-differentia ted squamous cell carcinoma(SCC). Results: The positive PCNA sta ining cells in normal epithelium was found mainly in the basal layer. The prolif erating index(PI) in the whole layer of abnormal oral epithelium were increased (P05). PI in the basal la yer of abnormal epithelium was higher than in NOR (P0.05). PI in the spi nosum layer and superficial layer (granulosum and lucidum layer) increased with the development of the lesions, The cell nuclear area in the basal and spinosum layer of the abnormal epithelium increased(P

Case management is a flexible, systematic, holistic new care model which can integrate the episodic therapy of cancer patients. Case management applied the process of assess, plan, implementation, evaluation and feedback to the process of case management, conduct the path management from diagnosis to follow-up. This paper introduces the job descriptions and competence of case managers, the development of cancer case management domestic and overseas; so as to offer reference for the domestic implementation of cancer case management. Consequently realize the comprehensive rehabilitation of physical, psychological, social and spiritual function for cancer patients.

Objective To find an ideal liver cirrhosis portal hypertension model in big animals suitable for surgical study.Methods Twenty canines were treated by subcutaneous injection of 60% CCl4 colza oil emulsion into the back,at a dose of 1.0-1.3 mL/kg every 10 days for a total of 6-8 times.At the same time,it was combined with the control of food intake.All canines were fed with rice mixed with 10% hog fat.The amount of rice was 15 g/kg per day from the first day to the forth day,but the amount of food was not controlled from the fifth day to the tenth day.During the process,the canines′ general condition was observed and the changes of hepatic functions such as ALT,TP,ALB,G and A/G were measured.The changes of liver morphology,the diameter and blood flow of portal vein were monitored with color Doppler.Every two weeks,a piece of hepatic tissue to observe the pathological change of liver was excised operatively.Results During the process,the body weight of the canines decreased continually;ALT increased during early and middle stages and decreased during advanced stage;TP and ALB always decreased,and A/G continuously decreased,but G did not change significamtly.Eight weeks after injection,liver became progressively smaller.its density was not well-distributed,and liver particles gradually became coarse,and liver capsule became rough.The diameter of portal veins became larger and the velocity of portal vein became slower.Liver cirrhosis with psudolobules was found on light microscopy from the tenth week to the twelfth week.Three canines died,with mortality of 15.0%.Conclusions It took 10-12 weeks to establish this liver cirrhosis portal hypertension models in canines by subcutaneous injection of CCl4.This method is convenient,has high success rate,and is suitable for use in surgieal research.

With the quick development of information network,a new disease-Internet Addiction has been paid more and more attention,and how to prevent and cure it has become one important problem that need to be resolved.At present,the rate of Internet Addiction among medical students is rising year by year,so we should make a united effort to prevent and control Internet Addiction among medical students.This article tries to explore how to prevent and control medical students'Internet Addiction from the point of view of law and ethics and expect to prevent them form being patients of Internet Addiction and help them thrive promptly.