Objective To study the genetic diversity of rDNA ITS sequences in the root tuber of Polygonum multiflorum from various habitats and to analyze the utility of ITS sequences in molecular authenticating the genuineness, identifying the varieties of wild resources, and studying the germplasm resources. Methods Firstly, total DNA in the root tuber of P. multiflorum from various habitats was extracted. Secondly, the ITS sequence was amplified by PCR with universal primer of ITS and sequenced after purification. Results The total length of ITS sequence is 648 bp in the different samples, such as 5.8S, 18S, and 26S rDNA. The lengths of three fragments, ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2, are 195 bp, 164 bp, and 189 bp, respectively. There are seventeen variable sites among the sequences. Conclusion ITS Sequence can be used to authenticate the genuineness and identify the varieties of wild resources in the root tuber of P. multiflorum.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of thyromental height (TMH) in predicting difficult airway.Methods Three hundred and thirty patients of both sexes requiring endotracheal intubation,aged ＞18 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia,were selected.The modified Mallampati test (MMT) score,thyromental distance (THD),sternomental distance (SMD) and TMH were measured following admission to the operating room.Direct laryngoscope was placed after induction of anesthesia to expose the glottis,and the Cormack-Lehane grade was recorded.Difficult airway was defined as Cormack-Lehane grade Ⅲ or Ⅳ.The receiver-operating characteristics curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of MMT,THD,SMD and TMH in predicting difficult airway.Results The diagnostic threshold of TMH in predicting difficult airway was 39.04 mm,the sensitivity 88.24％,the specificity 90.42％,the area under the curve (95％ confidence interval) 0.897 (0.859-0.928),and the odds ratio 70.750.Compared with MMT,THD and SMD,the area under the curve of TMH in predicting difficult airway was significantly increased (P＜0.05).Conclusion TMH can accurately predict difficult airway,and the diagnostic threshold is 39.04 mm in patients.

OBJECTIVETo explore the status of diabetes prevention awareness among Chinese residents in order to provide the scientific basis for making intervention strategy.

METHODSA sample of 18-60 years old residents in six provinces was investigated from March to April in 2013.

RESULTSTotally, 17.8% of respondents answered all questions correctly about the awareness of diabetes. As for "Diabetes is a common chronic disease" got highest recognition rate (86.2%), and "Diabetes can be cured" got the lowest rate, 48.3%. 50.6% of respondents answered all questions correctly about the diabetes symptoms; and "thirsty, drink more water" got the highest recognition rate (75.3%). 17.8% of respondents answered all questions correctly about the complications of diabetes; and "causes of diabetes ketoacidosis" got the lowest rate of 31.6%. 12.3% of respondents answered all questions correctly about the diabetes high-risk group; the correct recognition rate for "family history" was the highest (75.1%); and the "macrosomia" got the lowest rate of 20.4%. 74.2% of respondents answered all questions correctly about the diabetes preventive measure;the correct cognition rate of a reasonable diet was the highest (92.0%), and the weight control was the lowest (81.5%). In addition, there are significant differences of knowledge score between different areas and genders. City residents' knowledge score about diabetes related views (6.2 ± 1.8), typical symptoms (2.9 ± 1.4), complication (4.1 ± 2.3), high-risk groups (3.4 ± 1.7), prevention measures (3.7 ± 0.9) were higher than rural residents (respectively 5.2 ± 2.2, 2.7 ± 1.5, 3.2 ± 2.3, 2.9 ± 1.8, 3.3 ± 1.2) (P < 0.05). Female residents' knowledge score about diabetes related views (5.7 ± 2), typical symptoms (2.9 ± 1.4), complication (3.8 ± 2.3), high-risk groups (3.1 ± 1.8), prevention measures (3.5 ± 1) were higher than male residents (respectively 5.5 ± 2.1, 2.7 ± 1.5, 3.5 ± 2.4, 3.1 ± 1.8, 3.4 ± 1.2, 18.1 ± 6.8) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe public is lack of diabetes prevention awareness, and city residents' knowledge score is higher than rural residents', females are higher than males.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rural Population ; Sex Factors ; Urban Population ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the status of diabetes-related behaviors and affecting factors among urban and suburban residents in China.

METHODSA sample of 18-60 years old residents from Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanxi, Henan, Yunnan and Qinghai provinces was investigated by using stratified cluster random sampling method from March to May in 2013, and 4 282 residents were recruited. The Questionnaire of Health Literacy of Diabetes Mellitus of the Public in China was used to conduct the survey. χ(2) test was used to compare the different risk behavior characteristics of diabetes. The results of the survey were standardized by the 6th national census data. Multiple regression analysis was used to understand the affecting factors to related behaviors.

RESULTSAfter data standardization, 14.3% sat more than 6 hours every day, 57.6% exercised less than 3 times every week, 21.3% had no regularly daily diet, 58.7% paid no attention to diet control, 15.7% and 7.8% residents preferred salty and oily diet, 51.4% had physical examination less than 1 time every year, 29.7% were smokers, and 9.2% often drank. Urban residents spent much more time on sitting (18.2%) than rural residents (8.4%) (P < 0.05), and the rates of lack of physical exercise(52.7%), irregular diet (17.2%), paying no attention to diet control (51.9%), smokers (23.6%) among urban residents were lower than rural residents (60.1%, 21.4%, 62.5% and 32.1% respectively) (P < 0.05). The rates of irregular diet (24.6%), paying no attention to diet control (63.5%), high-salt and high-fat diet (30.1%), smokers (57.7%), drinking (18.7%) among men were higher than those in females (15.5%, 52.1%, 23.2%, 2.2%, and 0.8% respectively) (P < 0.05); regions, genders, educational levels, occupations were related to relative behaviors of diabetes, residents in rural areas (t = 7.829, P < 0.01), males (t = -21.760, P < 0.01), lower education level (t = 0.771, P < 0.01), as well as institution personnel (t = -4.240, P < 0.01) had lower behavior scores, which meant they had more risk behaviors related to diabetes.

CONCLUSIONThere were diabetes-related risk behaviors among both urban and suburban residents in China, such as insufficient physical exercise, no diet control and regular medical examinations. These risk behaviors happened more in rural areas than in urban areas, men than women, older age group than lower age group.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Alcohol Drinking ; China ; epidemiology ; Demography ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; Exercise ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupations ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Sex Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the health literacy about diabetes prevention and control and its influencing factors among the public in China.

METHODSA multistage stratified random sampling method was applied to investigate urban and rural residents aged 18-60 years among six provinces in China during March and May, 2013. The Questionnaire of Health Literacy of Diabetes Mellitus of the Public in China was used to conduct the survey. The influencing factors of health literacy about diabetes prevention and control were analyzed by logistic regression. The results of the survey were standardized by the 6(th) national census data.

RESULTSA total of 4 416 persons were interviewed. A total of 4 282 valid questionnaires including 1 986 males (46.4%) and 2 296 females (53.6%) were obtained. The efficiency rate was 97.0%. The level of health literacy about diabetes prevention and control among the public in China was 32.7% (1 036/2 399). And this rate was 40.5%, 36.5% and 15.4% in east, middle and west of China, respectively. Take the west region as reference, the health literacy about diabetes prevention and control in east China was high (OR = 2.510, 95% CI: 1.931-3.263), central China was in the second place (OR = 2.083, 95% CI: 1.579-2.749). The health literacy about diabetes prevention and control among males was lower than that in females (OR = 0.488, 95% CI: 0.402-0.593). The higher education level the respondents had, the higher the health lireracy level about diabetes prevention and control. Taking the primary school and below education level as reference, the health lireracy level about diabetes prevention and control of respondents with a secondary education was higher (OR = 1.103, 95% CI: 0.812-1.499), and that of college or above degree was the highest (OR = 2.029, 95% CI: 0.460-0.870). The health literacy about diabetes prevention and control among civil servants and institution staff was high, the enterprise personnel was in the second place (OR = 0.632, 95% CI: 0.460-0.870), the literacy level among the rural residents was very low (OR = 0.339, 95% CI: 0.234-0.491). The health literacy about diabetes prevention and control among people who have a family history of diabetes was relatively higher (OR = 1.570, 95% CI: 1.222-2.018 ). The health literacy about diabetes prevention and control among people who considered that they have diabetes risk was higher than that among people who considered they didn't (OR = 1.821, 95% CI: 1.317-2.517).

CONCLUSIONThe east region, females, a high educational level, civil servants and public officers, having a family history of diabetes, self-assessed risk of getting diabetes were protective factors of health literacy about diabetes prevention and control.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Demography ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Education ; Female ; Health Literacy ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupations ; Sex Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the epidemiological status of diabetes' risk factors among urban and suburban residents and their perceptions of their own health status and risk of diabetes.

METHODSStratified multi-stage sampling method was used to conduct the survey among 18-60 years old residents from Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanxi, Henan, Yunnan, and Qinghai provinces in China from March to May in 2013. The Questionnaire of Health Literacy of Diabetes Mellitus of the Public in China was used to conduct the survey, and then the data were analyzed. The main contents of the questionnaire included diabetes mellitus knowledge, diabetes mellitus risk factors and diabetes mellitus risk self-assessment. The results of the survey were standardized by the 6(th) national census data.

RESULTSA total of 4 416 respondents were surveyed, and 4 282 valid questionnaires were successfully collected during the survey and the response rate was 97.0%. After weighted adjustment, the overweight and obesity rate of the residents in 6 provinces was 35.3%, abdominal obesity rate was 54.7%. 77.8% of the residents without diabetes had more than one risk factor, but only 8.5% thought they might got diabetes. The residents with high risk behavior possessing rates of diabetes were in eastern areas (79.7%), urban areas (80.7%), men (84.1%), aged from 45 to 60(100.0%), below primary school education level (83.4%) and enterprise personnel (79.7%). The residents with high risk consciousness of getting diabetes were in eastern areas (11.0%), urban areas (9.7%), men (9.7%), aged from 45 to 60 (12.3%), over college education level (12.7%) and the offices (14.7%). The results of logistic regression showed that residents in the middle areas (OR = 2.148, 95% CI: 1.633-2.920), urban residents (OR = 2.100, 95% CI: 1.611-2.738), male (OR = 2.488, 95% CI: 1.962-3.154), the older (OR = 1.102, 95% CI: 1.090-1.115) had a higher risk behavior rate of diabetes mellitus. Urban residents (OR = 2.784, 95% CI: 1.497-5.175), male (OR = 1.522, 95% CI: 1.152-2.011), the older (OR = 1.022, 95% CI: 1.009-1.035), college educational level (OR = 1.685, 95% CI: 1.033-2.749), with a higher score of health awareness(OR = 1.090, 95% CI: 1.061-1.120)had a higher risk consciousness to being diabetes mellitus.

CONCLUSIONThe urban and suburban residents in China had a high risk behavior possessing rates of diabetes, and a low risk consciousness of being diabetes.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; Risk Factors ; Suburban Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population