Aim To investigate the effects of L-type calcium channel blockers on tramadol-induced analgesia.Methods Hot-plate test and writhing test were used to measure the analgesia induced by tramadol. Verapamil, nimodipine or nifedipine was co-administrated with tramadol to determine its effects on tramadol analgesia.Results Tramadol (10, 20, 40 mg?kg -1 in hot-plate test or 2, 5,10 mg?kg -1 in writhing test) produced significantly analgesia in hot-plate test and writhing test. Co-administration of verapamil and tramadol prolonged the latency of pain response of mice in hot-plate test.In writhing test, verapamil, nimodipine and nifedipine could potentiate the analgesic effect of tramadol in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion L-type calcium channel blockers can potentiate tramadol-induced analgesia. Calcium influx mediated by L-type calcium channels may be involved in tramadol-induced analgesia.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the bond strength and durability of a self-adhesive resin cement with a zirconia ceramic pretreated by a zirconia primer.

METHODSZirconia ceramic (Vita Inceram YZ) plates with a thickness of 2.5 mm were fired, polished, and then cleaned. Half of the polished ceramic plates were sandblasted with 50 μm alumina particles at 0.3 MPa for 20 s. The surface compound weight ratios were measured via X-ray fluorescence microscopy. The polished and sandblasted ceramic plates were directly bonded with self-adhesive resin cement (Biscem) or were pretreated by a zirconia primer (Z Primer Plus) before bonding with Biscem. The specimens of each test group were divided into two subgroups (n=10) and subjected to the shear test after 0 and 10,000 thermal cycles. The data were analyzed via three-way ANOVA.

RESULTSAfter air abrasion, 8.27% weight ratio of alumina attached to the zirconia surface. Compared with air abrasion, primer treatment more significantly improved the primary resin bond strength of the zirconia ceramic. The primary resin bond strength of the zirconia ceramic with no primer treatment was not affected by thermocycling (P>0.05). However, the primary resin bond strength of the zirconia ceramic with primer treatment was significantly decreased by thermocycling (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONPrimer treatment can improve the primary resin bond strengths of zirconia ceramics. However, the bond interface of the primer is not stable and rapidly degraded during thermocycling.

Adhesives ; Aluminum Oxide ; Ceramics ; Dental Bonding ; Dental Porcelain ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Materials Testing ; Resin Cements ; Surface Properties ; Zirconium

AIM To investigate the effects of trifluoperazine on naloxone precipitated withdrawal symptoms in morphine dependent rats and mice, and its pharmacological mechanisms. METHODS\ Naloxone precipitated tests in morphine dependent rats and mice were used. RESULTS\ Trifluoperazine(2～20 mg?kg -1 ) dose dependently inhibited naloxone precipitated withdrawal jumping, wet dog shakes, paw tremor and weight loss in morphine dependent mice. With ip trifluoperazine (5～20 mg?kg -1 ), most of positive withdrawal symptoms, including jumping, wet dog shakes, defeacation, weight loss, teeth chattering, salivation, diarrhea, ptosis and irritating, induced by naloxone in morphine dependent rats were significantly reduced. Apomorphine (2～8 mg?kg -1 ), a mixed DA 1/DA 2 receptor agonist, did not affect inhibition of trifluoperazine on naloxone precipitated withdrawal symptoms in morphine dependent mice. However, nifedipine(5～20 mg?kg -1 ), a L type voltage sensitive calcium channel blocker, enhanced a pharmacological action of trifluoperazine against naloxone precipitated symptoms in morphine dependent mice. CONCLUSION\ Trifluoperazine attenuates naloxone precipitated withdrawal symptoms in morphine dependent rats and mice by inhibiting the activity of post receptor calmodulin, but it does not antagonizes DA 2 receptor, in central nervous system.

AIM: To investigate the effect of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on the proliferation of murine T lymphocytes stimulated by Con A in vitro and its related immunosuppressive mechanism. METHODS: Murine T lymphocytes were stimulated by Con A and treated with different concentrations of DHA. Cell proliferation was measured by carboxyl fluoresce in diacetate succinmidyl ester (CFDA-SE) staining. The expression of CD69, CD25 and CD71,which was the marker of early, middle, later activation of CD3~+ T lymphocytes, was measured by flow cytometry (FCM) combined with two-color immunofluorescent staining of cell surface antigen. Fluorescence calcium indicator fluo-4/AM was used to measure the change of the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca~(2+)]_i) of murine T lymphocytes. The distribution of the cell cycle was analyzed by PI staining. The expression of CD69, the early activation antigen on CD4~+CD25~(high) Treg was also measured by FCM combined with three-color immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS: The result of CFDA-SE staining showed that DHA efficiently inhibited the Con A-induced proliferation of T-lymphocytes in a time-and dose-dependent manners. DHA showed modestly increased proportions of CD69 and CD25 on Con A-stimulated CD3~+T cells, but inhibited the expression of CD25 in a dose dependent manner. DHA with Con A, but not DHA alone, caused an increase in intracellular calcium concentration of T cells. The results of FCM analysis with PI staining showed that DHA imposed a total cell cycle arrest in G_0/G_1 and prevented cells entering S phase and G_2/M phase. Furthermore, DHA reduced the expression of CD69 on CD4~+CD25~(high) Treg. CONCLUSION: DHA, which exhibits immunosuppressive effect on the proliferation of murine T-lymphocytes, is promising to be developed as an immunosuppressive reagent.

Objective: To explore the relationship between the changes of plasma levels of resistin with the contemporary body weigh changes in the same population. Methods: The community based epidemiological surveys were carried out in the same population in Shijingshan district of Beijing at the year of 2005 and year of 2010. A total of 943 subjects with the entire information of cardiovascular related risk factors were enrolled including 316 male with the mean age of (58.2 ± 8.5) years and 627 female with the mean age of (59.3 ± 7.5) years. Plasma levels of resistin in both year of 2005 and year of 2010 in all subjects were recorded, and the subjects were divided into 4 groups based on the quartile levels of resistin. Group①, the subjects with plasma level of resistin ≤ (-0.66) mmol/L,n=239, Group②, resistin level (from -0.67 to 0.25) mmol/L,n=233, Group③, resistin level (0.26-1.24) mmol/L, n=235 and Group④, resistin level ≥1.25 mmol/L,n=236. Pearson correlation study with uni- and multi- regression analysis were conducted to investigate the relationship between the changes of plasma levels of resistin with the contemporary body weight changes in the same population.Results: The uni-variate analysis showed that in female subjects, plasma levels of resistin were obviously related to the percentage (%) of body weight changes (correlation coefifcient: 0.1173), body weight index (kg/m2) changes (0.1521), the% of body weight index changes (0.1412), the waist circumference (cm) changes (0.1228) and the % of waist circumference changes (0.1057) respectively, allP<0.05; while the above changes in male subjects were not signiifcant, allP>0.05. Multi-regression analysis indicated that with adjusted baseline variables, in female subjects, the plasma levels of resistin were obviously related to body weight (kg) changes and the % of body weight changes (regression coefifcient: 0.0261 and 0.2916), body weight index (kg/m2) changes and % of body weight index changes (0.2157 and 0.3072), the waist circumference (cm) changes and the% of waist circumference changes (0.0532 and 0.2738) respectively, allP<0.05; while the above changes in male subjects were not signiifcant, allP>0.05. Conclusion: The changes of plasma levels of resistin are signiifcantly related to contemporary body weight changes in female subjects, but not in male subjects.

Objective:To establish and optimize a detection method of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine phosphate related substances.Methods:On the basis of the JP,the experimental conditions were optimized to obtain the optimal detection conditions.The column was CAPCEILPAK C18;mobile phase was pH 6.0 phosphate buffer solution-meth-anol with gradient elution;detection wavelength was 258 mm.The method validation was carried out.Results:In the system applicability solution,the separation degree of the main peak and adjacent peaks in each destruction solution was greater than 1.5;the solution was stable within 48 h.The content of each impurity showed a good line-ar relationship with the peak area in the range of 50％-150％of the limit concentration,R2＞0.999 4.In the spike experiment,the average recovery rate of N6-butyryl 3',5-cyclophosphatin sodium was 99.4％-106.6％.The average recoveries of 2'-0 butyryl 3,5-cycloadenosine monophosphate sodium were 88.8％-103.6％,and the average recoveries of cyclophosphaminate sodium were 96.9％-102.5％,which met the requirements.Three bat-ches of samples were tested,and the above impurities were detected.Conclusion:This method has high sensitivi-ty,good separation effect,accuracy and durability,and can be used for the detection of bucladesine sodium,provi-ding a basis for its quality control.

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility and safety of transanal minimal invasive or combined laparoscopy total mesorectal excision.

METHODSClinical data of 11 cases with rectal cancer undergoing transanal total mesorectal excision(taTME) in our hospital between September 2014 and May 2015 were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSAmong 11 patients, 3 underwent pure-taTME successfully without abdominal incision and ileostomy, whose operation time was 210, 230, 215 min respectively, while other 8 patients underwent laparoscopy-assisted taTME(hybrid-taTME) with operation time ranging from 150 to 290 (median 205) min. No patient was transferred to open operation, while larger tumors of two patients were removed from hypogastric 5 cm incision. Postoperative first day VAS score was 1 to 3(2.0±0.6), the first flatus was 6 to 70(30.2±17.3) h, hospital stay was 4 to 12(7.5±2.5) d, the blood loss was (104±127) ml and the liquid food intake was (28.3±6.3) h. Postoperative complications included 1 case of subcutaneous emphysema, 1 case of anastomotic stoma bleeding, 2 cases of dysuria, which were cured by conservative therapy. One patient developed rectovaginal fistula 20 days after operation and then underwent ileostomy. No relapse of tumor or death during follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSFor suitable rectal cancer patients, taTME or hybrid-taTME is feasible.

Anal Canal ; Humans ; Ileostomy ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies

In the 42 nd and 44 th workshops of CSPEN-nutritional risk-undernutrition-support-outcome-cost effectiveness ratio (NUSOC) multi-center database collaboration group, Jens Kondrup and Henrik Rasmussen described again the application of NRS 2002, the evidence-based basis of NRS 2002 development and the methodology for prospective validation of clinical effectiveness. There is no gold standard for validation. They both considered that malnutrition could be identified as a score of 3 or more for impaired nutritional status in NRS 2002. Although NRS 2002 is simple and easy to be applied, it is not comprehensive enough for malnutrition diagnosis. ASPEN and ESPEN on-line published the Global Leadership (nutritional) Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM)diagnosis criteria in September 2018. With the gradual implementation of medicare payment based on diagnosis related groups(DRG)in China, the nutritional risk and the malnutrition diagnosis with Chinese version of ICD-10 (2016) code should be recorded in the first page of the medical records. In this terminology interpretations, the terms of nutritional risk screening(NRS 2002.01.016)and malnutrition diagnosis (GLIM-phenotypic criteria 01.028, etiologic criteria 01.029) published in Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Terminology 2019 are discussed based on the reports given by Kondrup and Rasmussen in Beijing and Zhengzhou.

Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of transanal minimal invasive or combined laparoscopy total mesorectal excision. Methods Clinical data of 11 cases with rectal cancer undergoing transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) in our hospital between September 2014 and May 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among 11 patients, 3 underwent pure-taTME successfully without abdominal incision and ileostomy, whose operation time was 210, 230, 215 min respectively, while other 8 patients underwent laparoscopy-assisted taTME (hybrid-taTME) with operation time ranging from 150 to 290 (median 205) min. No patient was transferred to open operation, while larger tumors of two patients were removed from hypogastric 5 cm incision. Postoperative first day V AS score was 1 to 3 (2.0±0.6), the first flatus was 6 to 70 (30.2±17.3) h, hospital stay was 4 to 12 (7.5±2.5) d, the blood loss was (104±127) ml and the liquid food intake was (28.3±6.3) h. Postoperative complications included 1 case of subcutaneous emphysema, 1 case of anastomotic stoma bleeding, 2 cases of dysuria, which were cured by conservative therapy. One patient developed rectovaginal fistula 20 days after operation and then underwent ileostomy. No relapse of tumor or death during follow-up. Conclusions For suitable rectal cancer patients, taTME or hybrid-taTME is feasible.

Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of transanal minimal invasive or combined laparoscopy total mesorectal excision. Methods Clinical data of 11 cases with rectal cancer undergoing transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) in our hospital between September 2014 and May 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among 11 patients, 3 underwent pure-taTME successfully without abdominal incision and ileostomy, whose operation time was 210, 230, 215 min respectively, while other 8 patients underwent laparoscopy-assisted taTME (hybrid-taTME) with operation time ranging from 150 to 290 (median 205) min. No patient was transferred to open operation, while larger tumors of two patients were removed from hypogastric 5 cm incision. Postoperative first day V AS score was 1 to 3 (2.0±0.6), the first flatus was 6 to 70 (30.2±17.3) h, hospital stay was 4 to 12 (7.5±2.5) d, the blood loss was (104±127) ml and the liquid food intake was (28.3±6.3) h. Postoperative complications included 1 case of subcutaneous emphysema, 1 case of anastomotic stoma bleeding, 2 cases of dysuria, which were cured by conservative therapy. One patient developed rectovaginal fistula 20 days after operation and then underwent ileostomy. No relapse of tumor or death during follow-up. Conclusions For suitable rectal cancer patients, taTME or hybrid-taTME is feasible.