Objective To investigate the effect of high expression of functional IDO trom donor DCs on transplantation rejection in mice heterotopic cardiac transplantation.Method Adenovirus vector containing IDO gene was used to infect donor (C57BL/6) DCs to obtain IDO+ DCs.Mouse heterotopic cardiac transplantation models were established (C57BL/6-BALB/c) and the following groups were set up:control group,DCs injection group and IDO+ DCs injection group.Survival time of the donor heart in all groups was observed.Meanwhile,donor hearts were harvested at 7 th day post-transplantation for different examinations,including pathological examination,mRNA expression of IDO by real-time PCR,and IDO protein expression by Western blotting.Peripheral blood of recipients was also harvested for T lymphocyte apoptosis rate examination by FACS.Result Cardiac allograft median survival time in control group,DCs injection group and IDO+ DCs injection group was 7,7.5,and 17.5 days respectively.IDO+ DCs treatment significantly prolonged the survival time of donor hearts (P＜0.01).Pathological grading was significantly decreased (P＜0.01).The CD3+ T lymphocyte apoptosis rate in peripheral blood of recipients in IDO+ DCs injection group was (46.50 + 5.02)％,significantly higher than the other two groups (P＜0.01).Both IDO mRNA and protein expression showed significant increase (P＜0.01).Conclusion The preoperative medication with IDO+ DCs injection to the recipients could induce T lymphocyte apoptosis and significantly suppress the rejection in mice heterotopic cardiac homotransplantation.

Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable ability for its regeneration and injured tissue repair. This ability depends on the activity and contributions of muscle satellite cells. Proliferating satellite cells, termed myogenic precursor cells or myoblasts, are activated and driven out of their quiescent state upon muscle injury. In this summary, we present a review to summarize the molecular regulation in skeletal satellite cells to light on the satellite cells' self-renewal mechanism.
Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Regeneration ; Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle ; cytology ; Soft Tissue Injuries

In present study,comparisons were carried out to develop and improve in vitro mauration(IVM) systems of goat oocytes. Oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 supplemented with(1)10% sera (either estrous goat serum (EGS) or fetal bovine serum(FBS)) + 20 mg/L luteinizing hormone (LH) + 10 mg/L follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) + 1 mg/L estradiol (E2); (2)10% EGS with different gonadotropins(LH: FSH) at a concentration of 5 mg/L: 0.5 mg/L or at 20 mg/L: 10 mg/L with0. 075 IU/mL human menopausal gonadotropin(HMG),1 mg/L estradiol 17β; (3)10% EGS+ 0. 075 mg/L HMG+10-20 μg/EGF. The culture was also performed by M199 supplemented with 10% EGS+0. 075 mg/L HMG+ 10-20 μg/L EGF into ultra-filtrated water which was derived either from self-producing or from purchased for use. The oocytes were cultured at 38 ℃,5% CO2 in air for 24 h,and the meterphase Ⅱ stage oocytes were examined under dissecting microscope. The results showed that EGS was better than FBS in supporting goat oocyte IVM. An addition of HMG in M199 could improve oocyte maturation and induce a higher percentage of metaphase Ⅱ oocytes compared to gonadotropins. 10-20 μg/L EGF improved goat oocyte maturation but the influence was not significant. Fresh,high quality water was vital for oocyte IVM. In conclusion,under our conditions with IVM ,the best result in maturation of goat oocyte has been M199 supplemented with 10% EGS+0.075 IU/mL HMG+10-20 μg/L EGF and prepared in fresh purified water.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the aquaporin-4(AQP4) expression in the ischemic penumbra tissues.Methods Thirty-six Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups randomly, including control group(n=6) and occluded groups(n=30). The occluded groups were studied after the right middle cerebral artery of the rats unilaterally occluded(MCAO) at an interval of 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h, respectively(n=5 for each group). The operation process of the control group was the same as the occluded group except occluded MCAO. Then all rats were imaged with T_1WI, T_2WI and diffusion weighted-imaging(DWI). The brain tissue, according to the method by LIU Meili reported, was regarded as the area of the graphic penumbra. The relative apparent diffusion coefficient of the graphic-penumbra (rADC_1) and the center infarction(rADC_2)(ratios between the values of the occluded side and the opposite side) were calculated. The animals were sacrificed and perfused with the mixture solution consisting of TTC at different time intervals. The graphic-penumbra of the biggest layer of the ischemic cerebral tissue which corresponded to the DWI was examined with immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Meanwhile, histologic examination was performed at same site of the lesion. Results There were no significant changes on MRI, the relative apparent diffusion coefficient and the expression of the AQP4. The abnormal high intensity was found on DWI at 15 min after MCAO. T_2WI detected the lesion at 1 h after MCAO. The value of the rADC_1 decreased within 24 h after MCAO in ischemic penumbra, especially, it descended quickly within 1 h after MCAO, from(70.4?6.9)% at 15 min to(53.5?10.9)% at 1 h. Whereas, in the infarct tissue, the changes of the rADC_2 had a rule of decrease from(71.5?6.6)% at 15 min to(45.7?10.5)% at 3 h at first time, and then follow an increasing up to(78.7?11.5)% at 24 h after MCAO. The expression of AQP4 increased gradually within 24 h after MCAO, from 0.42?0.05 at 15 min to 1.18?0.12 at 24 h, it showed negative relationship with the rADC_1 in the ischemic penumbra (r= -0.966,P

Objective Todiscuss the causes and treatment of intimo-intimal intussusception in endovascular repair of aortic dissecting aneurysms.Methods This retrospective study included 7 patients with intimo-intimal intussusception who underwent endovascular repair of aortic dissecting aneurysms from January 2017 to June 2018.There were 5 males and 2 females aged 34 to 64 years (mean 47.1 years),with a clinical course from 8 hours to 3 months.Six cases presented with acute chest pain and 1 had abdominal pain.Preoperative CTA was performed in all patients to confirm the diagnosis.Six patients received thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) and 1 receivedfenestration.Results The endovascular repairs were successful without converting to open surgery in all patients.Pathological classifications were 1 type Ⅰ,5 type Ⅱ and 1 type Ⅲ.Four patients received another aortic stent at distal segment to cover the intimo-intimal intussusception and 1 patient at proximal site.One patients received another bare stent in the superior mesenteric artery,and 1 case received abdominal aortic stent implantation.Balloon was used in 2 cases to dilate the stenosis of aortic stents.The death occurred in 1 case at 3 days after surgery for metadata object description schema,and 1 patient needed continuous renal dialysis after discharge.The postoperative conditions (from 7 to 21 days) of other patients were normal without paraplegia,bowel necrosis,lower limb ischemia or arterial rupture.Conclusions The results indicate that the intimo-intimal intussusception in endovascular aortic dissecting aneurysms repair is rare and it is a severe complication.Re-endovascular aortic repair is a safe and reliable surgical approachbased on the type in early phase.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the main factor of tumor recurrence and chemotherapy failure in clinical practice. Its mechanism is relatively complex, and one of the most thoroughly studied mechanism is the overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on tumor cell membrane. Most of the chemotherapy drugs are p-gp substrates, and tumor cells will transport the chemotherapy drugs to the extracellular through p-gp mediated active transport, so that the concentration of effective drugs in the cell is reduced, resulting in drug resistance, leading to the decline of clinical efficacy. The reversal agent of P-gp can reduce the intracellular pumping of chemotherapeutic drugs by regulating the expression and transport activity of P-gp, and enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs, thus improving the therapeutic effect. In this paper, we will summarize the natural plant active ingredients that can reverse P-gp mediated MDR to provide reference for clinical and related studies.

Objective To investigate the effects of probiotics and synbiotics on inflammation and microbiota of acute colitis in mice.Methods C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups randomly.Each group had 10 mice and was given 2.5％ dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water for 5 days other than the blank control group.Except for model control group,other two groups were administrated with probiotics and synbiotics,respectively.Probiotics was composed of Lactobacillus acidophilus,Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis,while synbiotics was composed of the aforementioned probiotics,inulin and galactooligosaccharide.Feces of different periods and mucosa samples were collected to analyze the differences of enteric flora by 16s rDNA sequencing.Results (1) Pathological scores in probiotics group and synbiotics group were 5.40±2.79 and 7.25±2.87,respectively,which were significantly lower than those in the model control group with scores 27.00 ± 7.94.Model control group,probiotics group and synbiotics group showed lower flora diversity,increased Bacteroides and decreased Faecalibacterium than blank control group.The mucosal microbiota was different from fecal flora in abundance and species for each group,and Mucispirillum was more common in mucosa.Conclusions Probiotics and synbiotics alleviate the inflammation of acute colitis in mice.Imbalance of beneficial genera to harmful genera is the characteristic of acute colitis.Supplementation of probiotics and synbiotics contributes to regulating the balance of intestinal microbiota.

Objective To improve the knowledge and early diagnostic rate of primary small intestinal tumor.Methods From August 2012 to August 2017,hospitalized patients with pathological diagnosis of primary small intestinal tumor (excluding duodenal neoplasm) from Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively enrolled.The data of clinical manifestations,laboratory examinations,imaging,endoscopy examination,pathological findings and treatment were collected and analyzed.Results A total of 180 patients with primary small intestinal tumor were enrolled.The common clinical manifestations included abdominal pain (76 cases,42.2 ％),gastrointestinal bleeding (64 cases,35.6％),and abdominal distension (30 cases,16.7％),and 22 (12.2％) patients had no overt clinical symptoms.The sensitivity of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in the diagnosis of small bowel adenocarcinoma was 57.1％ (12/21).The diagnostic rates of computed tomography enterodysis (CTE),positron-emission computed tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT),and abdominopelvic enhanced CT were 96.5％ (83/86),100.0％ (29/29),and 91.5％ (43/47),respectively.The diagnostic small intestinal tumor patients of barium radiography (14 cases),abdominopelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (eight cases),small bowel endoscopy (18 cases) and capsule endoscopy (eight cases) were seven,six,fifteen and six cases,respectively.Among 180 patients,14 (7.8％) patients were considered gynecological tumors by imaging examination before surgery,seven (3.9％) patients underwent emergency operation because of intestinal obstruction,four (2.2％) patients underwent emergency surgery due to gastrointestinal bleeding,and four (2.2％) patients underwent emergency surgery because of intestinal perforation.Histopathological type included gastrointestinal stromal tumor (117 cases,65.0％),lymphoma (25 cases,13.9％) and adenocarcinomas (21 cases,11.7％).Except seven patients with intestinal lymphoma who received chemotherapy,the rest 173 patients underwent surgical resection.Conclusions Primary small bowel tumor has no specific clinical manifestations.It should be alert on patients without positive findings by regular gastroendoscopy and colonendoscopy examination but with symptoms of abdominal pain,gastrointestinal bleeding and intestinal obstruction.CTE should be the first choice for patients with symptoms but unclear diagnosis.

Objective:To establish a model C-GALAD for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from the chronic liver disease and healthy people based on the serum markers.Methods:A clinical cohort including 229 hepatocellular carcinoma patients, 2 317 patients with chronic liver disease and 982 healthy people, was retrospectively collected from eight hospitals or physical examination institutions from April 2018 to October 2020. The data were divided into a training set and a testing set by stratified sampling with a 6∶4 ratio. A predictive model was established on the training set using a logistic backward regression method and validated on the testing set. In addition, clinical data from March to July 2021 in Beijing You′ an Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, including 84 patients with liver cancer and 204 patients with chronic liver disease collected were used for external independent validation of the model. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) area under curve (AUC), the sensitivity and the specificity were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the model.Results:Through the logistic backward regression method, the seven signatures including age, gender, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-fetoprotein alloplasm-3 ratio (AFP-L3%), des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin(DCP), platelet (PLT) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were selected as risk factors in the detection model. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the model on the testing set was 0.954, with an 88.04% sensitivity and a 94.85% specificity, and the AUC of model on the external independent validation set was 0.943, with an 89.29% sensitivity and a 90.2% specificity, which were better than other published models.Conclusion:The C-GALAD Ⅱ model can accurately predict the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence, and thus provide a trustworthy diagnosis method of hepatocellular carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo study the suppressive effect of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase on transplantation rejection in mice heterotopic cardiac transplantation.

METHODSAdenovirus vector containing IDO gene was used to infect donor (C57BL/6) DC to obtain IDO(+)DC. Mouse heterotopic cardiac transplantation models were established (C57BL/6-BALB/c) and the following groups were set up, including the control group, DC injection group, TC injection group, IDO(+)DC injection group and co-injection group of IDO(+)DC and TC, 12 donors and 12 recipients in each group.Survival time of the donor heart in every group was observed. Meanwhile, donor hearts were harvested 7 days post transplantation for different examinations, including pathological examination, mRNA expression of IDO through real-time PCR, IDO protein expression through Western blot. Peripheral blood of recipients was also harvested for CD3(+)T lymphocyte apoptosis rate examination through fluorescence-activated cell sorting.One-way ANOVA and Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis were used for statistic analysis of IDO expression, CD3(+)T lymphocyte apoptosis rate and survival time of the donor heart respectively.

RESULTSCadiac allograft median survival time of each group were 7.0, 7.5, 11.0, 17.5, 24.0 days respectively. Compared with control and DC injection group, IDO(+)DC, TC and co-injection group significantly prolonged the survival time of donor hearts (t = 3.523-8.449, P < 0.01). Both IDO mRNA and protein expression showed significant increase(t = 5.974-16.176, P < 0.01). The CD3(+)T lymphocyte apoptosis rate was also significantly increased (t = 6.324-38.120, P < 0.01). Compared with IDO(+)DC or TC group alone, co-injection group significantly prolonged the survival time of the donor heart (t = 5.971 and 2.831, P < 0.05). Both IDO mRNA and protein expression showed significant increase (t = 2.853-15.194, P < 0.01).Furthermore, the CD3(+)T lymphocyte apoptosis rate was significantly increased as well (t = 26.069 and 7.643, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSuppressive effect of co-injection of IDO(+)DC and TC is much more effective than administration of IDO(+)DC or TC alone, which suggests that IDO achieved immune suppressive effect through the pathway of tryptophan depletion and accumulation of TC.

Animals ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Graft Rejection ; drug therapy ; Heart Transplantation ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL