The current development of medical sciences focuses simply on the progress of natural sciences,while neglects the combination with humanities and social sciences,which leads to the absence or lack of medical humanistic spirit.This paper analyzes the absence of medical humanistic spirit contrasted by the rapid development of medical high-tech,the manifestations and reasons for the absence of medical humanistic spirit,and proposes to strengthen the humanistic quality of medical science education in order to solve problems brought by absence of medical humanistic spirit.

Objective To explore the characteristics of ischemia-reperfusion induced infant lung damage and the potential mechanisms of the injuried.Methods Both infant (15-21 days old) and adult (5-6 months old) rabbits were subjected to either ischemia-reperfusion or sham operation.Ischemia-reperfusion was induced by clamping the right pulmonary hilum for 1 hour and then removal of the clamp for 4 hours under anesthesia.The lung tissue were sampled for histological examination by light and electron microcopies and for biological evaluation of mitochondrial alterations.Production and expression of free radical species-hydroxyl radical (ROS-HR),malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX),myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD-88),and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the lung tissue were also examined.In addition,circulating levels of interleukin-β and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured during the ischemia-reperfusion process.Results In comparison to adult lungs,the infant lungs had more increased neutrophil infiltration,edema,swelled alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells,and severer mitochondrial impairment reflected by damage of the inner membrane as well as decrease in the membrane potential after ischemia-reperfusion.The lungs in infant animals subjected to sham operation displayed higher levels of ROS-HR and MDA and lower levels of SOD and GSH-PX than those in adult controls.The lungs in infants with ischemia-reperfusion were found to further produce more ROS-HR,and MDA,and less SOD and GSH-PX than the ischemia-reperfused adult lungs.Moreover,the circulating levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α were elevated during the period of ischemia-reperfusion,particularly in the infant animals,which appeared to be associated with the expression of MyD-88 and NF-κB in the lungs.Conclusion Lung ischemia-reperfusion causes more severe lung damage in infants than in adults,probably due to combination of low antioxidant capacity and overproduction of ROS in infants.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of urgent surgical correction for infra-cardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD) in infants and children. Methods From July 2000 to April 2009, seventeen patients with infra-cardiac type of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection received surgical correction in our department. The age of patients ranged from 15 days to 3.7 months at admission, 9 patients ( 52.9 % ) were younger than 1 month of age. The mean body weight was (4.10 ±0.95) kg and was less than 5 kg in 15 patients (88.2%). Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) without cerebral perfusion was used in 13 patients (76%), and continuous hypothermic low-flow perfusion was used in4 (24%). Incisions on the left atrium and pulmonary veins were sutured without tension, and the width of the anastomosis was 2.5 to 4.0 cm. Results Urgent operations were performed in all patients and no early death occurred during surgery.Mean bypass time was 121.9 minutes ( ranging from 70 to 277 minutes) and mean aortic cross-clamp time was 44 minutes ( ranging from 30 to 74 minutes). 6 neonates had delayed wound closure after surgery and 4 had obvious pulmonary edema. Inhalation of nitric oxide was given to 5 cases for the management of significant postoperative pulmonary hypertension, while peritoneal dialysis was performed in 2 cases with temporary renal failure. Transient atrioventricular block of grade 3 occurred in 2patients and acute renal failure occurred in 2 cases. All patients were uneventfully discharged. The mean ventilation time was 45 h (ranging from 12 to 430 h). Mean duration in ICUs and hospitals were 15 days ( ranging from 4 to 40 days) and 22. 5days ( ranging from 10 to 42 days), respectively. During the period of follow up, one patient presented with pulmonary venous obstruction and recurrent pulmonary infection with increased flow speed at the site of anastomosis, pulmonary hypertension and tricuspid regurgitation on echocardiogram. No improvement was observed in the patient spite of medical treatment and he was lost during follow up one year after operation. 16 patients received postoperative follow up for 1 month to 9 years, mean (51.8 ± 35.0) months. Echocardiography, chest radiography, and ECG were performed during this period. As a result, most children had good cardiac function, with sinus rhythm on ECG and apparently reduced pulmonary congestion on radiography.No obstructive pulmonary venous return was observed on echocardiography. Most patients had good cardiac functions. Conclusion Corrective operation for infra-cardiac TAPVC on urgent basis may provide favorite outcomes. The prognosis is associated with the size of anastomosis between the pulmonary vein and left atrium, as large anastomosis may prevent the obstruction of pulmonary venous retum.

Objective To establish a novel experimental model of New Zealand rabbit to assess the biocompatibility of 0.1 mm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE),a novel material of pulmonary valve.Methods Forty-two adult New Zealand rabbits about 3 kg were selected to give 35 mg/kg ketamine and 0.25 mg/kg dexmedetomidine intramuscularly for the anesthesia.The chest was open to expose the upper segment.The surface of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) was exposed after the pericardium was opened partially.The valve material (0.1 mm PTFE) was inserted into the right ventricle via the central mini-incision.Then the skin was closed and the rabbits were recoved with the oxygen inhalation.Results Forty-two adult New Zealand rabbits accepted the operation.Six rabbits died during the early period due to the inappropriate anesthesia drug (n =2),pneumothorax (n =1) and thrombosis (n =3),which occurred the 5th,7th and 8th postoperative day.The anticoagulation treatment was adjusted to solve the thrombosis problem.Thirty-six rabbits survived for several months with weight increase until the experiment was finished.Conclusions The experimental model of New Zealand rabbit is appropriate for the biocompatible assessment of 0.1 mm PTFE.The advantage is to avoid intubation and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and to decrease the pneumothorax.

Objective To investigate the etiology and relative factors of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in Chinese patients. Methods A case-control study was conducted to compare 233 patients with DCM in high-incidence areas (case group) and 150 patients with stable angina pectoris (control group). Life styles and history of diseases information was collected by questionaire; human anti-myocardial antibody IgG (AMA- IgG), human Coxsackie B virus IgG (CBV- IgG) and human adenovirus antibody IgG (ADV- lgG) were measured with ELISA. General chemical and toxicological indicators in drink water from high and low prevalence areas and serum trace elements also were compared. Results 1 ) Compared with the control group, the case group had more farmers (P < 0.01), with low average incomes (P < 0.01), higher alcohol consumption (P < 0.01) and higher incidence of the history of myocarditis (P < 0.01 ). 2) AMA-IgG, CBV-IgG and ADV-IgG levels were low and the positive rates ofAMA-IgG, CBV-IgG and ADV-IgG of patients with DCM were respectively 7.78%, 6.67% and 6.67%, no statistical significance comparing with those in the control group. 3) The content of iron (1.36±2.18 vs 0.39±0.67 mg/L, P<0.05) and manganese (0.384±0.35 vs 0.15±0.14, P<0.01 ) in drinking water of high-incidence areas was significantly higher than that in low-incidence areas. 4) The content of serum iron (69.14±57.8 vs 20.04±17.5 μ mol/L, P<0.01 ) and copper (25.74±4.2 vs 19.7±4.5 μmol/L, P<0.01) in the case group evidently exceeded the normal range and obviously higher than that in the control group. Conclusions 1) The incidence of some DCM is related with low incomes, high alcohol consumption and myocarditis. 2) These data do not support that DCM is related with persistent virus infection and autoimmunization; 3) Iron and manganese contents exceeding standards in drinking water and the high content of serum iron and copper is comparatively related with the incidence of DCM.

Objective To evaluate it' s prognosis according to the follow-up statistics of coronary reimplantation of anomalous left coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA).Methods Analyze the preoperative,peri-operative and postoperative data of 20 ALCAPA patients having undergone coronary artery reimplantation.Results After coronary reimplantation,patient' s cardiothoracic ratio was obviously decreased,the degree of myocardial ischemia was improved according to electrocardiogram,the left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening showed a trend of rise,mostof the patients recover in 6 months to 1 year after coronary artery reimplantation.Left ventricular end-diastolic volume index over time gradually returned to normal,mitral regurgitation gradually.improved.Conclusion ALCAPA is rare and fatal,therefore it should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.It is also significant to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.After coronary reimplantation,cardiac function can be gradually restored with low mortality and good prognosis result.The left ventricularejection fraction of most patients recovers to the normal standard in six months to one year' s time.

Objective: To assess the performance of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the treatment of neonates with critical diseases. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of nine critically ill neonates treated with ECMO because of cardiopulmonary failure due to respiratory disorders in Children's Hospital of Fudan University from August 2015 to April 2018. General information, diagnosis, indications and approaches of ECMO, clinical procedure of ECMO, laboratory results, weaning time, survival rate before discharge, length of stay, and mechanical and neurological complications were collected and described. Results: (1) There were six male and three female patients with an average gestational age and body weight of 39.6 weeks (35-41 weeks) and 3 600 g (2 580-4 650 g), respectively. Out of them, six cases survived after successfully weaning from ECMO. (2) Sepsis (two cases), meconium aspiration (two cases), pulmonary hypertension (three cases), diaphragmatic hernia (one case) and pulmonary dysplasia (one case) were diagnosed in the patients. All underwent veno-arterial (VA) ECMO using centrifugal pump. The median age to initiate ECMO was 40 h (23-100 h) after birth, and the median duration of ECMO support was 240 h (70-370 h). During the treatment with ECMO, cholestasis, intracranial hemorrhage and vocal cord paralysis occurred in three cases, and mechanical complications (mainly were bleeding, hemolysis, oxygenated membrane leakage and embolization) occurred in five cases. The mean length of hospital stay for the six survivors was 24 d (20-49 d), and two of them developed neurological complications mainly manifested as cerebral infarction. There were three died cases. One was a baby with diaphragmatic hernia who received hernia repair during ECMO after which celiac space syndrome and necrotizing enterocolitis were developed and his parents refused further treatment. In the second case, the parents gave up treatment when no improvement was achieved after two weeks of ECMO support. While the last case was complicated by severe cerebral hemorrhage during ECMO and died after receiving no further treatment. Conclusions ECMO is newly applied in the treatment of neonates in China and of great significance for critically ill neonates. However, much need to be learned about its utilization in this population considering the mortality and disability rate are still high.