Objective To explore the operation timing and technique selection of floating knee injury in children.Methods According to Letts types,36 cases were divided into 5 types.The function outcome in every group was compared by Karlstrorm criterion according operation timing or technique selection respectively.Results Thirty-six cases were followed up for an average of 25 months(19 to 84 months).The rate of excellent and good results accounted for 94.12%(16/17) in one stage operation,78.95%(15/19)in stages,60%(6/10)in 2 stages,respectively.Conclusions It may be recommended to treat children with floating knee injury with open reduction intenal fixation or external fixation.The best operation time shall be urgent treatment of both femur and tibia fracture.

Objective To established cardiac-specific transgenic mice of the cTnC D145E and cTnCG159D and compare the HCM and the DCM.Methods The cTnCD145E and cTnCG159D were generated by site-directed mutagenesis and the transgenic plasmids were constructed by insertion of the mutant genes under the control of α-MHC, which is a myocardium specific promoter.The transgenic mice were generated by microinjection and were all maintained on a C57BL/6J genetic backgroud .The cardiac structure and function of the transgenic mice were compared and analysized by echocardiographic and pathological observation at different ages .Results The cTnCD145E and cTnCG159D transgenic mice were established and developed to HCM and DCM, respectively, with aging.The left ventricular end-systolic volume (ESV) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume ( EDV) decreased and ejection fraction ( EF) and left ventricular end-systolic posterior wall thickness (ESPWT) increased in the cTnCD145E transgenic mice, while EDV and ESV increased and EF and ESPWT decreased in the cTnCG159D transgenic mice at 12 months of age.Conclusions Cardiac-specific human cTnCD145E transgenic mice showed HCM phenotypes , and cardiac-specific human cTnC G159D transgenic mice showed DCM phenotypes , which can be used as different models for comparative study of the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy .

Objective To explore the DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of rats exposed to sodium arsenite. Methods Thirty-two Wistar rats, weighing 180 - 200 g, equal male and female, were randomly divided into 4 groups, 8 in each group. Sodium arsenite 0(control) ,0.05,0.15,0.45 mg/L were given through drinking water for 30 days. Body weight and drinking water consumption were measured every day. Blood were collected and DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes was examined by single cell gel electrophoresis.Results The increase of body mass[( 121.00 ± 38.57), ( 120.62 ± 42.80), ( 125.38 ± 48.68)g]and water intake [(36.9 ± 6.2), (37.9 ± 5.8), (39.3 ± 4.2)ml/d]in 0.05,0.15,0.45 mg/L sodium arsenite groups were compared with the control group[( 119.25 ± 47.27)g, (38.4 ± 5.1 )ml/d], and the difference were not significant (F = 0.040,0.828, all P ＞ 0.05). The tail ratios[46.25%(185/400) ,57.00%(228/400),64.00%(256/400)], tail lengths [(32.89 ± 17.18), (58.74 ± 36.28), (77.55 ± 35.73 ) μm]and tail moments [(6.29 ± 3.74), ( 11.20 ± 9.64),(17.30 ± 12.60)μm]in 0.05,0.15,0.45 mg/L sodium arsenite groups were significantly higher than those of the control group[39.25%(157/400), (18.73 ± 15.83),(2.61 ± 1.05)μm, all P ＜ 0.01], and the tail ratios,tail lengths and tail moments in lymphocytes increased with increased doses of arsenic concentration. Conclusions Low doses of arsenic exposure can induce DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of rats.

We applied Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC) combined with brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM) to study the change of alertness under sleep deprivation in our research. Ten subjects were involved in 36 hours sleep deprivation (SD), during which spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) experiments and auditory evoked EEG experiments-Oddball were recorded once every 6 hours. Spontaneous and evoked EEG data were calculated and BEAMs were structured. Results showed that during the 36 hours of SD, alertness could be divided into three stages, i. e. the first 12 hours as the high stage, the middle 12 hours as the rapid decline stage and the last 12 hours as the low stage. During the period SD, LZC of Spontaneous EEG decreased over the whole brain to some extent, but remained consistent with the subjective scales. By BEAMs of event related potential, LZC on frontal cortex decreased, but kept consistent with the behavioral responses. Therefore, LZC can be effective to reflect the change of brain alertness. At the same time LZC could be used as a practical index to monitor real-time alertness because of its simple computation and fast calculation.
Attention ; physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Sleep Deprivation

Objective To investigate the morphology characters of upper airway and its surrounding tissues in different age non-snoring males.Methods Total of 114 non-snoring males,with age-nlnge from 22 to 78 year old,were included in this study.They were divided into 3 groups:30 in younger group (22-29 years old),57 in middle-aged group(36-57 years old),and 31 in aged group(70-78 years old).All subjects had magnetic resonance imping sanning.Results (1)The nasopharynx in aged group was statistically different from that of the younger group and the midge aged group.The volume of nasopharynx in aged group(7.81±1.59)cm3 (χ-±s,same hereinafter) is greater than that in younger group(4.89±1.20)cm3 and middle aged groups(6.06±2.07)cm3.(2)The AP diameter/transverse dimeter of velophatynx,glossopharynx and laryngopharynx in the aged group tended to be smaller.The average value of AP diameter/transverse diameter of velopharynx in aged group is 0.46±0.14.while the value is 0.59±0.14 and 0.57±0.14 in midge and young groups respectively,compared with that of the aged group,there is statistical diffrence(P＜0.01).Further more,the min/max Section area of velophatynx,glossopharynx,hryngopharynx in aged group are smaller than that of young group and midlife groups.(3)The aged group had the thinnest thickness of posterior and lateral velopharyngeal walls,but the largest volume of soft palate and fatpads among all groups.Conclusions In non-snoring males,there is more fat deposition around the upper airway with aging.While the large naxopharynx and large transvdrse diameter of upper airway seem to balance the disadvantaged changes and to benefit the their sleep respiration.

Objective To develop a model that could copy the pathological development of psoriasis, the triple-transgenic mice that harboring Plasminogen activator, urokinase ( PLAU) ,PLAU receptor ( PLAUR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ( STAT3 ) were generated.They are the important genes involved in the pathological development of psoriasis.Methods The transgenic plasmid was constructed by insertion of the PLAU, PLAUR and STAT3 into the downstream bovine keratin 5 promoter respectively.The transgenic mouse was produced by microinjection and the genotyping was detected by PCR.The expression level of the transgenic gene was determined by Western blotting.The pathological changes were observed by HE staining.Results One mouse line was selected with over expression of the PLAU, PLAUR and STAT3 in the tissue of skin.The transgenic mice showed decreased dermal layer, a hyperkeratinized cuticular layer and increased stratum spinosum.The number of hair follicle was reduced and developed abnormally in the transgenic mice.The Munro abscess in the dermal layer and the increased inflammatory cell infiltrates in dermal layer were also observed in the transgenic mice.Conclusions A transgenic mouse line was produced and passage stably, which expressed the PLAU, PLAUR and STAT3 in the tissue of skin and developed the psoriasis progressively.All of our results suggested that the transgenic mice were a useful animal model for psoriasis.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of arthrodesis in treating severe hallux rigidus. Methods Totally 30 patients (30 feet) with severe hallux rigidus treated by arthrodesis from January in 2010 to January in 2013 were retrospec?tively analyzed. AOFAS and VAS scoring system were employed to evaluate the clinical curative effect including acquiring the fusion rate, the time to fusion and the incidence rate of hallux valgus. Forefoot-plantar pressure values before and after operation were measured by Plantar pressure measurement system. Results The mean follow-up time was 18 months. AO?FAS score was raised from (48.2±7.6) to (72.8±6.2) after operation (P<0.01). VAS score was also increased from (1.7±0.7) to (8.3 ± 1.1) after operation (P<0.01). The average healing time of knitting was 12.1 weeks. None was non-union and devel?oped to hallux valgus. The forefoot-plantar pressure returned to normal postoperatively from abnormal laterally distribution.Conclusion The surgical strategy of arthrodesis is proved to be effective in treating severe hallux rigidus, in terms of capa?bility of relief from pain, recovery of forefoot-plantar pressure distribution, low incidence of complication.

Objective To observe the month age distribution of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression in rat kedney. Methods Wistar rats aged 3 months,12 months and 24 months were made as models who represented young, middle-aged and old group respectively. Western blotting, immunohistochemical (IHC) and in-situ hybridization (ISH) were used to detect the expression and location of protein and mRNA of PPARγ in rat kidney. Results Western blotting results showed that the expression of PPARγ protein was higher in 3 months group than in 24 months group (0.94±0.05 vs. 0.78±0.02, P＜0.01) and 12 months group (0.87±0.04, P＞0.05), and it reduced in 24 months group than in 12 months group (P＞0.05). By IHC,the PPARγ protein was localized predominantly in the nuclear of tubular epithelia and collecting duct cells in each group. In old age group, PPARγ protein was also detected little in the mesangial and Bowman's capsule epithelial cells. Meanwhile, the distribution of PPARγ mRNA with ISH was consistent with above findings. Additional, semi-quantitative analysis of ISH results verified that the level of PPARγ mRNA decreased with ageing. Conclusions As a nuclear transcription factor,PPARγ participates in the regulation of rat kidney aging.

Objective To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone (RGTZ) on anti-oxidation in aging rat kidney. Methods Twenty-four-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=10): control group (CON), rosiglitazone group (RGTZ) and caloric restriction group (CR). The CON rats were allowed ad libitum access to feed and tap water.The RGTZ rats received intragastric administration of RGTZ (4 mg·kg-1·d-1),and the CR rats were provided with a vitamin and mineral fortified version of the same diet at a level of 40% less food (by weight) than the CON rats. After 12 weeks all the animals were sacrificed by decapitation, and both the body weight and the percentage of kidney and heart in each group were measured.Western blot was performed to analyze the expression of PPARγ protein. The content of MDA and the activity of SOD and GSH-PX in kidney tissue were detected. Besides, frozen sections of kidney tissue were stained for senescence-associated-13 galactosidase (SA-β-Gal). Results The body weight of CR rats decreased obviously, in contrast, which did not change in CON and RGTZ group. Percentage of kidney and heart to body weight was normal in CR or RGTZ group after intervention. Western blot result showed that PPARγ protein expression in rat kidney was significantly higher in RGTZ and CR group as compared to CON group (P<0.05). Compared with RGTZ and CR rats, obviously lower activities of SOD and GSH-Px were noted in CON rats, however, the content of MDA was higher in CON rats. Additionally, the positive staining area of [3-Gal in CR and RGTZ group was significantly smaller than that in CON rats (P<0.05, P<0.01 ). Conclusion RGTZ can defer the kidney aging in senescence SD rat, and the mechanism may be related to amelioration of oxidative damage and enhancement of antioxidation.