Neural stem cell (NSC) has self-renewal and differentiation potential.It can orderly differentiate into neurons,astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the development of central nervous system.NSC differentiation was commonly regulated by a variety of factors,including cytokines,transcription factors and epigenetic factors.Epigenetic regulation is a heritable gene expression without changing the DNA sequence.Histone modification is an important regulation mode in epigenetic modifications,which is essential in the transcription process.It also plays a critical role in the development of central nervous system.This article briefly reviews the histone methylation and demethylafion in the regulation of NSC differentiation.

BACKGROUND: Collagen type Ⅰ possesses low antigenicity and provides special functions of scaffold structure for cell migration, proliferation and secretion.OBJECTIVE: To observe the morphological change after combination of transformed human embryonic tendon cells and artificial materials with collagen type Ⅰ, so as to provide the experimental basis for constructing tissue-engineered muscle tendon in vitro.DESIGN: Randomized and controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out at the Department of Transplantation Immunology, West China University of Medical Sciences from July to September 1998. Human hair, carbon fiber and polyglycolic acid were combined with collagen and then set corresponding groups respectively. Simply hair, carbon fiber and polyglycolic acid control groups were set respectively. Artificial materials: Healthy adult hair (30 cm in length, 80 g in weight), carbon fiber knitted strip (Lanzhou carbon factory )and polyglyolic acid fasciculi (Johnson , American) were used in this experiment.METHODS: ①In the group of human hair combined with collagen,nine healthy adult hairs were chosen . Three hairs as one bundle were knitted into tendon with 0.8 cm in length and 0.4 cm in diameter and a knot was tied respectively at the two ends. ②In the carbon fiber combined with collagen group, the purchased carbon fiber knitted strip was separated and made into artificial materials with the same diameter and length as those of human hair tendon. Two ends of the artificial materials were packed with 5/0 silk thread. ③In the polyglycolic acid combined with collagen group, three polyglycolic acid fasciculi were weaved into bundle with the same diameter and length as those of human tendon,and two ends were packed with 5/0 silk thread. ④The process of knitting scaffold materials was the same in control groups as in the corresponding experimental groups. ⑤ Five pieces were prepared in each scaffold material. After sterilized by 60Co, the scaffold materials were put in collagen type Ⅰ solution for 0.5 hour, then taken out and dried at roomtemperature for use in the experimental groups. ⑥transformed human embryonic tendon cell, density for 3×106/mm3, was used for combined culture in each group, and cell number and morphology were observed at different time points after culture under an inverted microscope and scanning electron microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Observation of cell growth and adherence under an inverted microscope ② Observation of cell morphology and material adherence under scanning electron microscope RESULTS: ① Observation of cell growth and adherenceunder an inverted microscope :In each experimental group, at two hours after culture, cells gathered around the materials, and some cells adhered to materials presented round; At three days after culture, the number of cells adhered to materials began to increase, morphology changed from round to oval, and the co-existence of round and oval cells was seen;While in each control group, at two and three hours after culture, few cells adhered to the three materials. On day five after culture, in each experimental group, cell morphology turned into fusiform, the number of cells increased further and a great many fusiform cells grew among carbon fiber materials; while in the control group, most cells presented round and ellipse, and the number of cells was less as compared with the corresponding experimental group. ② Cell morphology and material adherence under scanning electron microscope: On day 5 after in vitro culture, most tendon cells on the surface of materials presented spindle-shape in each experimental group. Apophysis stretched out from the tendon cells, grew along longitudinal axon of the materials. Silk and piece-like substance appeared among the apophysis and weaved each other. While there were fewer cells adhered in control group than in corresponding experimental group, cells also presented fusiform or round, but no silk or piece-like substance was found, also no apophysis appeared.CONCLUSION: Human hair, carbon fiber and polyglycolic acid combined with collagen type Ⅰ will facilitate cell adherence. Cells increase around the materials and co-existence of round and oval cells could be seen, and cells turned into fusiform, suggesting that exogenous collagen facilitate the cells to adhere onto the materials and proliferate.

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture and massage on tiptoe in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods 49 children with spastic cerebral palsy were divided into treatment group (n=24) and control group (n=25) in accordance with the order of visiting. The control group accepted routine rehabilitation, and the treatment group accepted acupuncture and massage in addition. They were assessed with Composite Spasticity Scale (CSS), the angle of ankle passive dorsiflexion before and after treatment. Results The scores of CSS and the angle of ankle passive dorsiflexion improved in both groups after treatment (P<0.001), and improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.001). The rate of improvement was 95.6% in the treatment group, and 78.26% in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture and massage may further improve the correcting of the tiptoe in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

Adult ; Condylomata Acuminata ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases ; pathology

Humans ; Nanoparticles ; toxicity ; Skin ; drug effects ; Skin Absorption

Objective To compare the quality of life before ischemia postconditioning and 6 months after ischemia postconditioning in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction,and investigate the related risk factors.Methods One hundred and twenty-nine patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction were given the ischemie postconditioning.The quality of life was evaluated before ischemia postconditioning and 6 months after ischemia postconditioning by 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) and seattle angina questionnaire (SAQ).Results In acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction patients treated with ischemia postconditioning,the scores of SF-36 and SAQ were significantly lower at 6 months after ischemia postconditioning than those before ischemia postconditioning [SF-36:total score of body health (76.4 ± 17.3) scores vs.(56.3 ± 16.8) scores,physiologic function (75.3 ± 18.1) scores vs.(52.4 ± 19.2) scores,physiologic functional authority (75.6 ± 16.5) scores vs.(48.5 ± 20.3) scores,body pain (77.2 ± 15.4) scores vs.(58.7 ± 16.6) scores,total health state (73.6 ± 17.8) scores vs.(50.6 ± 14.7)scores,total score of mental status (77.5 ± 15.3) scores vs.(55.3 ± 17.3) scores,vitality (69.3 ± 18.1)scores vs.(43.2 ± 17.4) scores,society function (70.3 ± 17.5) scores vs.(41.3 ± 14.2)scores,affection functional authority (80.2 ± 17.4)scores vs.(63.5 ± 14.3)scores,mental health (77.6 ± 18.4) scores vs.(55.6 ± 20.1) scores,health change (76.3 ± 17.4) scores vs.(53.4 ± 16.6) scores;SAQ:body limitation of activity (78.46 ± 12.21) scores vs.(35.34 ± 15.33)scores,angina stable state (74.23 ± 8.53) scores vs.(30.12 ± 5.38) scores,angina episode state (72.34 ± 10.33) scores vs.(27.33 ± 9.12) scores,satisfaction degree of treatment (76.42 ± 12.13)scores vs.(30.56 ± 15.57) scores,knowledge of diseases (74.22 ± 9.35)scores vs.(37.25 ± 20.32) scores] (P ＜ 0.05).The results of multiple linear regression equation showed that the older,more severe vascular lesions,and lower total score of body health score before ischemia postconditioning indicated lower total score of body health,and worse quality of life after ischemia postconditioning.Conclusions The quality of life of patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction after ischemia postconditioning is significantly improved,compared with that before ischemia postconditioning.Advanced age,vascular disease and lower total scores of body health before ischemia postconditioning are independent risk factors of total scores of body health after ischemia postconditioning.

Objective To evaluate the effects of parecoxib sodium for preemptive analgesia in patients undergoing cerebral angiography. Methods Sixty patients undergoing cerebral angiography were divided into two groups by random digits table with 30 cases in each : group P and group F. Patients in group P received parecoxib sodium 40 mg 30 min before operation, while group F received fentanyl 1 μ g/kg 2 min before operation. The changes of hemodynamics were observed before operation (To), immediately right internal carotid artery angiography during operation (T1), immediately right vertebral artery angiography (T2),immediately left internal carotid artery angiography(T3), immediately left vertebral artery angiography(T4), 10min after operation (T5). The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2)and visual analogue score (VAS) were recorded at different times during the whole operation. Results There were no significantly differences on MAP, HR and VAS between group P and group F (P ＞ 0.05 ). But the SpO2 at T1 ,T2,T3 in group F (0.94±0.03,0.95±0.02,0.95±0.02) were significantly lower than those in group P (0.98 ± 0.01,0.98 ± 0.02,0.98 ± 0.02 )(P＜0.05 ), and 2 cases SpO2 ＜ 0.90 at Ti. Conclusion Parecoxib sodium administered preemptively provides a nice analgesic effect in patients undergoing cerebral angiography, and is more safe than fentanyl.

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease which is socioeconomically devastating and a significant cause of morbidity in endemic countries or regions. Some countries and regions have brought down the prevalence of schistosomiasis through positive prevention and control programs. However in the past few years with the social and economic development and globalization re?emergence and spread of schistosomiasis led to a growing concern that new endemic areas may occur. This article analyzes the epidemiological situation and the strategies to control schistosomiasis in China and African countries.

Objective To study the quality of life(QOL) of patients with mild to moderate primary hypertension after treatment adjusted medication time by ambulatory blood pressure .Methods All 128 cases were divided into two groups randomly including chronos medication group and normal medication group .We tested ambulatory blood pressure ,QOL and influencing factors before medication and 6 months later .Results It′s observed the parameters of the ambulatory blood pressure improved significantly in all of the groups .There existed significant difference in nSBP ,nDBP ,nMAP ,SBP in dangerous night time ,and nocturnal blood pres‐sure decline rate between two groups (P<0 .05) .There existed very significant difference in DBP and MAP in dangerous night time (P<0 .01) .There were significant difference in the fields of MH (mental health) and RE (role limitation because of emotional health problem) (P<0 .05) ,and very significant difference in the fields of PF (physical functioning) ,RP (role limitation because of physical health) ,VT(vitality) (P<0 .01) .Multiple regression analysis indicate the influencing factors of the quality of life about patients with hypertension are age ,BMI index number ,medication time ,average family income ,medical insurance type ,culture de‐gree and job title .Age ,BMI index number and medication time depress QOL of patient with hypertension while average family in‐come ,better medical insurance type ,culture degree and job title improve it .Conclusion It′s possible to improved the parameters of the ambulatory blood pressure for patients with mild to moderate primary hypertension by chronos medication compared with nor‐mal medication more significantly .It′s useful to improve the QOL of patient with hypertension by improving average family income , medical insurance type and culture degree .

Objective To study the relationship between the washout speed in the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and the differentiation grading in pathology in patients with hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Totally 271 patients who underwent complete resection for hypervascular HCC from April 2009 to December 2014 at Nanchong Central Hospital were included in this study.CEUS examinations were perfomred in all patients 2-3 days before liver resection.A timer on the ultrasound screen displayed the time elapsed since the saline flush was used to determine time to washout.The washout rate were categorized into four levels based on enhancement in portal venous phase and delayed phase.The differentiation grade and the washout speed were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test.Results All 271 (100％) lesions were arterially enhanced with different washout rate.Washout speed 1 was found in 19 patients (7.0％),while speed 2 in 157 patients (57.9％),speed 3 in 65 (24.0％),and speed 4 in 30,respectively.The washout speed had a significant correlation with the differentiation (x2=179.8238,P ＜ 0.001).The faster washout speed,the higher differentiated.Washout speed 1 could distinghuish well-differentiated from the poor and moderately differentiated tumor.The sensitivity and specificity of preoperative washout speed 1 to identify well histologic grade were 98.0％ and 77.8％,the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 96.0％ and 48.8％,and the positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratiowere were 1.9 and 0.01.Washout speed 4 could distinghuish poor differentiated from well and moderately differentiated tumor The sensitivity and specificity of preoperative washout speed 4 to identify poor histologic grade were 24.3％ and 97.0％,the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value were 65.3％ and 61.3％,and the positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratiowere were 3.2 and 0.7.Conculsions Washout speed can reflect the degree of differentiation roughly.Washout speed can effectively diagnose the well-differentiated HCC,but it is difficult for moderate and poor differentiated HCC.