Humans ; Sepsis ; immunology ; prevention & control ; therapy

Objective To make a further understanding of mammographic features of simple cyst of the breast (SCB).Methods Molybdenum target radiographic signs in 39 cases with SCB proved pathologically and were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the 56 SCB in 39 cases, 23 were diagnosed rightly as SCB, 10 as fibroadenoma, 2 as cancer and the remaining 4 were undefined. The diagnostic accuracy and misdiagnosis were 59.0% and 41.0% respectively. Radiograph showed round in 12, ovoid in 38, mild lobed in 4 and comet tail form in 2. The borders of cyst were distinct and sharp in 26, distinct partly and indistinct partly in 27,indistinct completely in 3. The density was homogeneous in 54 with calcifications in 2. Of the 56 SCB, the length axes of cyst were upright to chest wall in 20 and towards nipple in 18. The cysts could be transformed with pressure in 4.Conclusion Careful analysis of radiographic features of SCB is helpful for diagnosing accurately this disease.

Adult ; Carcinoid Tumor ; complications ; Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Middle Aged

The course of fundamental operations in surgery is an important part of surgical teaching.It helps students to adapt to surgical practice quickly.During the teaching,there are some ways to improve teaching efficiency and quality,such as to know the new Chinese-English teaching material,the teaching purpose,the training of basic skills and aseptic principles of operation,the examination reform and regular teaching summery.

Single clones of Leptospirillum ferrooxidans were obtained on bilayer solid medium plate by incorporating Het-erotroph Acidiphilium SJH into the underlayer broth medium. The morphologies of the bacteria were investigated using electronic microscope.

Objective To investigate the association of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase(PAF-AH) activity in children with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS).Methods The plasma PAF-AH activity was measured in 78 children with PNS who were divided into 3 groups:steroid-responsive nephritic,steroid-dependent nephritic,steroid-resistent nephritic,after they had been given steroid for 6 months.The plasma PAF-AH activity were also measured in 60 healthy children at the same age,with spectrophotometric assay,at the ame time,the blood cholesterol was measured.Results The blood cholesterol has positive correlation with the plasma PAF-AH activity,there was no significant difference of the blood cholesterol among 3 groups in nephrotic syndrome children,there was a significant difference in the plasma PAF-AH activity among 3 groups in PNS children,but there was no significant difference in the plasma PAF-AH activity between the groups of steroid-responsive nephritic and healthy children.Conclusion Plasma PAF-AH activity is related to the sensibility to steroid treatment in children′s PNS,and the plasma PAF-AH activity in steroid-resistent nephritic is higher than steroid-dependent nephritic.It is a question that if gene mutation is related with PAF-AH activity.

Objective To release the correlation of point mutation of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase(PAF-AH)gene and primary nephritic syndrome (PNS).Method According to the effect of hormonal therapy,94 children with PNS were divided into three groups:steroid-sensitive nephritic syndrome(SSNS),steroid-resistent nephritic syndrome(SRNS),steroid-dependent nephritic syndrome(SDNS).The point mutation of PAF-AH gene (G994T) were identified by molecular biology technique in children with PNS and 239 healthy children were set as control group.Results No statistics differences were found relating to the genotype and allele frequencies between patients with PNS,SSNS,SRNS and normal controls.But it is confirmed that the genotype and allele frequencies among patients with nephritic type nephritic syndrome (NTNS)was higher than patients with simple type nephritic syndrome(STNS) and normal controls.SDNS was higher than both SSNS and normal controls.The number of relapses during the first year after onset was significantly higher in the patients who were heterozygous for the mutant allele (GT) or homozygotes (TT) than in those of the GG homozygotes.Conclusion Most PNS children with PAF-AH gene mutation occurred at position 994 were NTNS.The risk of relapse during the treatment period was higher in patients with PAF-AH gene mutation occurred at position 994.

Xylitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol, has many interesting applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and odontological industries, owing to its high sweetening power, its anticariogenic properties, and its insulin-independent metabolism. The bioconversion of detoxified hemicellulosic hydrolysate to xylitol by microorganisms could be a cheaper alternative to the current chemical process, since it is a simple process, with great specificity and low energy requirements. However, the success of fermentations for xylitol production depends on the productivity of the strain and its tolerance to different toxic or inhibitory compounds existing in the hydrolysates. In addition, a number of culture process parameters proved to have significant effects on xylitol production in hemicellulosic hydrolysate media. One of the most important control variables in this bioconversion is the aeration level, which affects the biochemical pathways in the xylose metabolism. The production of biomass is favored by aerobic conditions, while under anaerobic conditions xylose cannot be assimilated by yeast, whereas xylitol is formed in oxygen-limited incubation conditions. An adapted Candida sp. with enhanced resistance to the inhibitors in the hydrolysate can directly ferment the simply detoxified corn cob hemicellulosic hydrolysate to xylitol. In the present study, the combined effects of shaking speed, C/ N ratio, initial pH, and inoculum level on the fermentation of corn cob hemicellulosic hydrolysate to xylitol by an adapted Candida sp. were investigated using an orthogonal experimental design in flask. As a result, the optimum fermentation conditions were as follows: 180 r/min, a C/N ratio of 50, initial pH 5.5, and an inoculum level of 5% (volume ratio). Moreover, the optimum concentration factor of hydrolysate varied between 3.0 and 3.72 was obtained. Based on these results, in order to evaluate the effect of aeration rate on the fermentation of corn cob hemicellulosic hydrolysate to xylitol in fermentor, batch fermentations were carried out in a 3.7 L stirred fermentor using four different aeration strategies, including three kind of two-stage aeration strategies, which provided relatively high aeration rate in the early stage but reduced it in the later stage, and including a one-stage aeration strategy provided a constant aeration rate. With respect to xylitol yield, the results indicated that two-stage aeration strategy was significantly superior to one-stage aeration strategy. The highest xylitol yield (0.75 g/g) was obtained with oxygen supply strategy C (3.75 L/min for first 24 h, then lowered it to 1.25 L/min, 2.5 L fermentation medium was employed). In this process, without extensive detoxification of hydrolysate, an adapted Candida sp. can efficiently ferment the simply treated corn cob hemicellulosic hydrolysate to xylitol under the optimized fermentation conditions. This work should help the development of an efficient process for producing xylitol from corn cob hemicellulosic hydrolysate on a larger scale by bioconversion.
Aerobiosis ; Candida tropicalis ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Hydrolysis ; Polysaccharides ; metabolism ; Xylitol ; biosynthesis ; Zea mays ; metabolism

AIM To observe the long-term toxicities of reteplase(Ret). METHODS Rat was administrated by injection of vein on 14 consecutive days to macaca fasicular. RESULTS Ret 8.0 MIU?kg -1 to macaca fasicular did not show any toxicity. In 25.0 MIU?kg -1 and 80.0 MIU?kg -1 of doses, RBC, HGB and HCT of blood have significantly decreased. Feces of hidden blood test also showed positive response in some animals, meanwhile, Ret could reduce the content of plasma total protein. But these changes could have recovery in restoration period. In addition, in 8.0?25.0?80.0 MIU?kg -1 doses, Ret could significantly lengthen bleeding time and clotting time. The obvious toxic changes of coefficient and pathology in Ret 8.0?25.0?80.0 MIU?kg -1 groups were not found. CONCLUSION 8.0 MIU?kg -1 is a safety dosage by injection of vein. 25.0,80.0 MIU?kg -1 doses have certain toxic actions, such as anemia and bleeding, but these toxic effects were reversible.

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the clinical application of one-stage repair of hypospadias using pedicled penis and scrotal septal symphysis skin flap.

METHODSOne hundred and forty-nine cases of hypopadias were treated with the skin flap and followed up.

RESULTSAfter the operation, one hundred and twenty-two cases of patients obtained satisfactory outcomes, twenty-seven cases happened urethral leakage and preputial uredema were observed, and three cases suffered from urethral-skin fistula.

CONCLUSIONSThis technique was an optimal choice to penis hypospadias, Penoscrotal hypospadias and light-duty scrotal hypospadias. It was simple and convenient and could prevent infection but manage of drain must be done postoperatively.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; surgery ; Male ; Penis ; surgery ; Scrotum ; surgery ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Treatment Outcome