Objective To investigate the protective effect and the mechanisms of triptolide on antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in kidney transplantation.Method A rat model of AMR in kidney transplantation was constructed by sensitizing major histocompability complex (MHC) completely incompatible species of rats via blood transfusion before kidney transplantation.The protective effect of Triptolide on the renal function and pathologic injury was studied in this rat model.The levels of donor specific antibodies were measured by flow cytometry.C4d expression and macrophage infiltration were examined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.Result Triptolide could improve the function of transplanted kidney significantly (P＜0.05) and alleviate the pathologic injury.Triptolide can also reduce the levels of IgM,IgG2b and IgG2c in the serum of the recipient rats and inhibit the macrophage infiltration as well (P＜0.05).Conclusion Triptolide plays protective and therapeutic roles in AMR of kidney transplantation,which may be contributed to the inhibition of the production of donor specific antibody and the macrophage infiltration.

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous cannulated lag screws versus posterior buttress plate in the fixation for posterior malleolar fractures.Methods We reviewed the 167 patients who had been treated between January 2010 and December 2014 for ankle fracture involving larger than 25％ of the articular surface of the posterior malleolus.They received posterior malleolus fixation with percutaneous cannulated lag screws or with a buttress plate.In the cannulated screw group (84 patients),there were 47 males and 37 females,aged from 23 to 72 years (average,49.7 ±9.1 years),and 39 cases of type B and 45 ones of type C according to the Dennis-Webber classification.In the buttress plate group (83 patients),there were 38 males and 45 females,aged from 31 to 69 years (average,52.3 ± 8.3 years),and 45 cases of type B and 38 ones of type C according to the Dennis-Webber classification.At 6 and 12 months postoperation and the final follow-up,the ankle motion was evaluated using American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and range of motion (ROM).Results The average operation time for the cannulated screw group was significantly shorter than for the buttress plate group (Z =-9.145,P ＜ 0.001).No fracture nonunion,reduction loss or incision infection happened in either group.In the cannulated screw group,we detected malunion with a step-off beyond 2 mm in 5 patients,and penetration of one cannulated lag screw into the tibiofibular syndesmosis in 3 patients.In the buttress plate group,we detected toe flexion contracture in 4 patients,and uncomfortable feeling in ankle motion in 7 patients.At the final follow-up,X-rays and CT scans in the 2 groups showed no obvious post-traumatic osteoarthritis of the ankle.There were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding the AOFAS scores at 6 and 12 months postoperation and the final follow-up(P ＞ 0.05);the AOFAS scores at the final follow-up for all the patients were significantly different from those at 6 and 12 months postoperation (P ＜ 0.05).At the final follow-up,there were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding ROMs of dorsal flexion,plantar flexion,varus or valgus (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions As there are no significant differences between the percutaneous cannulated lag screws and posterior buttress plate in AOFAS score and ROM of the ankle after fixation for posterior malleolar fractures,the 2 fixation methods can both achieve good clinical outcomes.Fixation with cannulated lag screws has advantages of indirect reduction and minimal invasion but also a disadvantage of uncertain quality of reduction;fixation with buttress plates has an advantage of anatomical reduction under direct vision but also shortcomings of relatively large invasion and high cost.

DEK protein's carboxy-terminal DNA-binding region(CBD)is a newly found DNA-binding domain of DEK,which contains several phosphorylation sites and has a close correlation with DEK protein's function in vivo and in vitro.Using prokaryotic expression system,the peptide of DEK protein's carboxy-terminal DNA-binding region(CDB)was expressed and purified.In detail,the CDB DNA fragment was constructed into pET-30a(+)vector,and E.coli BL21(DE3)competent cells were used as host cells.The fusion protein His-CBD was expressed by induction of IPTG and purified by Ni-NTA agarose.The result of SDS-PAGE showed that the molecular weight of the purified protein was about 10.7kDa.Electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA)indicated that DEK-CDB prefered to bind to supercoiled form of DNA in vitro,it had similar character to the binding of whole length DEK protein with DNA.This suggested that the carboxy-terminal DNA-binding region of DEK protein might function on the binding of DEK protein to DNA partly.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical significance of primary suture of common bile duct and early intermittented clamping of T-tube.MethodsOne hundred and one cases underwent bile duct surgery were divided into three group by random digits table,in which 33 cases were performed with primary suture of common bile duct (group A),33 cases were applied of early intermittented clamping of T-tube (group B),the other 35 cases were clamped T-tube as in routine measures (group C).The efficacy was compared between three groups.ResultsThe postoperative intestinal function recovery time,fluid support,hospitalization time in group A and group B was (47.63 ± 12.42) h,(2.75 ± 0.27) L/d,(8.0 ± 0.3) d and (57.63 ± 14.15) h,(2.97 ±0.49) L/d,(10.0 ± 0.4) d,which was significantly decreased compared with those in group C [ ( 98.27 ± 30.35 ) h,( 3.63 ± 0.38 ) L/d,( 19.0 ± 1.1 ) d ] (P ＜ 0.05 ).Postoperative intestinal function recovery in group A was significantly increased compared with those in group B (P ＜ 0.05 ).Alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,Gamma-glutamine transferase,body temperature,white blood cell count,total bilirubin,postoperative biliary fistula,common bile duct residual stones,stenosis of the common bile duct had no significant differences among three groups (P ＞ 0.05). ConclusionsPrimary suture of common bile duct and early intermittented clamping of T-tube can accelerate recovery of intestinal function,avoid electrolyte disturbance,reducing fluids,electrolytes and nutrition support,reducing the length of stay and costs,it has changed the traditional way of surgical treatment of bile duct,and is safe,efficient,also has significance of clinical application.

Objective To investigate the role of cyclophilin A (CypA) and CD147 in the process of skin aging. Methods Twenty cases of tissue samples from junior group(＜15 years old), middle age group(30-40 years old)or old age group (＞65 years old) were collected from photophobic and exposal parts of skin, respectively. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) were carried out to semi-quantitatively detect the expression level of CyPA and CD147. Results IHC demonstrated that both CyPA and CD147 were expressed in both photophobic and exposal parts of normal human skin in all 3 groups. The expression levels of both CyPA and CD147 were increased with increase in age. There were significant differences in both CyPA and CD147 expression among 3 groups (P<0.05). CyPA and CD147 were also positively correlated in all 3 groups. Similar results were achieved by ISH. Conclusion The interaction between CD147 and CyPA might play an important role in the process of skin aging.

Objective To explore the differences in morphology and structure of collagen fiber of the hilar bile duct between human and rat. Methods The morphology and structure of vertical and horizontal cross-section of human and rat collagen fiber of the normal and dilated hilar bile duct, and their changes under stress were observed after Masson trichrome staining. Results The morphology and structure of collagen fiber of hilar bile duet in human was similar to that in rat. The collagen fiber mainly distributed in the middle and outer layer of the hilar bile duct. The wave-like collagen fiber bundles were arranged in parallel, consistent with the longitudinal axis direction of the bile duct, and connected by the small branches. Conclusions The morphology and structure of collagen fiber of the hilar bile duct in human is similar to that in rat. The anatomical structure of the collagen fiber is adapted to its function.

The objective of the present study was to establish a method based on principal component analysis (PCA) for the study of transdermal delivery of Chinese medicinal formulae, and to choose the best penetration enhancers for Qingfei Xiaocuo gel depend on this method. Using improved Franz type diffusion cell and excised rat skin in vitro as transdermal barrier, the receptive solution fingerprint was established by HPLC, harvesting the areas of the common peaks in the fingerprint, then the total factor scores of the concentrations at different times were calculated using PCA and were employed instead of the concentrations to compute the cumulative amounts (Q12) and enhancement ratio (ER), the latter of which were considered as the indexes for optimizing penetration enhancers. Compare to the control group, the ER of the other groups increased significantly and furthermore, 2.5% azone with 2.5% menthol manifested the best effect. PCA represent most information in the receptive solution, the method above could choose the best penetration enhancers, it could be a reference for the study of transdermal delivery of Chinese medicinal formulae.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Gels ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Principal Component Analysis ; Skin ; metabolism

Forensic Psychiatry ; Homicide ; Humans

Animals ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; therapeutic use ; Dogs ; Hypothermia ; complications ; Male ; Nimodipine ; therapeutic use ; Ventricular Fibrillation ; etiology ; prevention & control

Multicomponent drug metabolism can be defined as a research area that, rather than pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, is a concerted dynamic metabolic variation of one component in several other compounds circumstance with the interaction of transport protein and drug metabolizing enzymes, and the study of the dynamic course of multiple components must be simultaneously determined. By the use of multicomponent drug metabolism in the clinical pharmacy research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it can become a useful tool with the integration of the overall dialectical method and the concrete molecular approach.
Biomedical Research ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional