Objective To assess and compare the Beck Depression Inventory-II ( BDI-Ⅱ) , Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression Subscale ( HADS-D) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ( CES-D) as screening instruments for depression in patients with epilepsy .Methods One hundred and seventeen patients diagnosed with epilepsy were evaluated by BDI-Ⅱ, HADS-D and CES-D, the performance of BDI-Ⅱ, HADS-D and CES-D was evaluated by ROC curve .Results There were 33 epileptics with depression .The sensitivity and specificity of BDI-Ⅱfor the diagnosis of depression was around 90% for critical value 16, the sensitivity of CES-D was more than 80%for critical value 15, and specificity was 72.6%.The sensitivity and specificity of HADS-D was more than 80%for critical value 9, and the sensitivity of HADS-D was 91.3% for critical value 7, and specificity was 76.8%.Three instruments showed a negative predictive value of over 90%.Comparisons of the areas under the ROC curve for these instrument were not statistically significant difference (all P>0.05).Conclusion HADS-D is a brief efficient screening instruments to identify depression in patients with epilepsy .

Objective To study whether ORF3 coded by fap1-orf4 gene locus of Streptococcus pa-rasanguis is involved in the regulation of Fap1 glycosylation and maturation and to investigate whether ORF3 influences Streptococcus parasanguis adhesion. Methods A gene replacement strategy was adapted to con-struct orf3 alleic replace mutant of Streptococcus parasanguis. Complementation assay and Western blot were used to test Fap1 expression levels. Whole saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (SHA) adhesion assay was adapted to determine Streptococcus parasanguis adhension. Results (1) Non-polar was found in strain VT1774, the orf3 alleic replace mutant of Streptococcus parasanguis. (2) Western blot showed that mature Fapl (Mr about 220 × 103) disappeared and were substituted with high molecular weight Fapl (Mr about 470 × 103) in strain VT1774, furthermore, complementation assay showed VT1775, the complementation strain of VT1774, re-stored mature Fapl expression. (3) The binding ability reduced significantly in strain VT1774. Conclusion ORF3 coded byfapl-orf4 gone locus was required for Fap1 glycosylation and maturation in Streptococcus pa-rasanguis, orf3 alleic replacment resulted in Fap1 glycosylation and mature disorder and decreasing of adhen-sion ability of Streptococcus parasanguis.

Objective To investigate whether glucosyltransfernse(GTF) and open reading frame 4 (ORF4) coded by fap1-orf4 gene locus of Streptococcus parasanguis was involved in the regulation of Fap1 glycosylation, and mature and to determine whether there was interaction between GTF and ORF4. Methods A gene replacement strategy was adapted to construct gtf and orf4 allele replace mutant of S. Parasanguis. Complementation assay and Western blot were used to test fap1 expression levels. Yeast two-hybrid analysis and GST pull down assays were adapted to determine the interaction between GTF and ORF4. Results (1) Compared with wild S. Parasanguis, mature Fapl (Mr about 220×103) disappeared and were substituted with high molecular weight Fapl (Mr about 360×103) in gtf or orf4 alleie replace mutants of S. Parasan-guis. Complementation assay showed that pVPT-GFP-gtf and pVPT-GFP-orf4 restored mature fap1 expression in gtf or orf4 alleie replace mutants, respectively. (2) With Yeast two-hybrid analysis, the eotransformants, AH109/pAD-Gtf+pBD-orf4 and AHlOg/pAD-orf4+pBD-gtf growed on SD-LTHA selective ngar plate after streaked, reversely, the eotransformants, AH109/pAD+pBD-orf4,AH109/pAD+pBD-gtf、AH109/pBD+ pAD-orf4、AH109/pBD+pAD-gtf did not grow on SD-LTHA selective agar plate, furthermore, the cotrans-formants, AH109/pAD+pBD-orf4 and AH109/pAD-orf4+pBD-gtfshowed blue during X-α-gal assay. (3) GST pull down assay confirmed the direct interaction between GTF and ORF4. Conclusion There is inter-action between GTF and ORF4 coded byfapl-orf4 gene locus of S. Parasangnis and the formation of the GTF and ORF4 complex was required for the glycosylation and mature of Fapl in S. Parasanguis.

The cell-free plasma DNA (cfpDNA) has been suggested as a useful tumor marker for its quantitative and qualitative tumor-specific alterations that reflect the biological characteristics and the progression and outcomes of tumors.Therefore,it has been used as liquid biopsy to detect cfpDNA in peripheral blood for the diagnosis,monitoring of clinical effects,and prognosis of malignancies

Objective To investigate the relationship between arsenic in drinking water and skin lesions in endemic arsenism area in Shanyin County of Shanxi Province,in order to provide epidemiologic data for further arsenism research.Methods One hundred and eighty-nine endemic arsenism patients and 59 controls were randomly selected in 17 endemic amenism countries in Shanyin County of Shanxi Province.The content of arsenic in drinking water which wa8 collected indoom was half-quantitatively screened by a kit made by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,then quantitatively determined by HPLC-ICP-MS.Patients of endemic arsenism were diagnosed by "The Standard of Diagnosis for Endemic Amenism"(WS/T 211-2001).Results There were 64.9% (87/134)samples above the arsenic level(50μg/L)of drinking water and the median value of arsenic in drinking water was 91.43 μg/L in 134 water samples.The OR(95%CI)value between arsenic in drinking water and hyperkeratosis,hyperpigmentation,depigmentation was 2.46(1.22-4.94),3.34(1.50～7.44)and 2.86(1.50-5.46),respectively.The prevalence of hyperkeratosis,hyperpigmentation and depigmentation increased,as the arsenic in drinking water increased(≤10,≤50,≤200,＞200μg/L),especially in＞200μg/L group(OR=6.15,13.96,11.41,P＜0.05).The arsenic level in drinking water of Ⅲ degree of depigmentation patients(318.300μg/L)was higher(P＜0.05)than that of 0,Ⅰ and Ⅱ degree groups(86.670,131.800,1 10.590μg/L,P＜0.05).Conclusions Shanyin County is a medial arsenic pollution area. Arsenic in drinking water is considered as a risk factor of skin lesion. The degree of skin lesions increased,as the arsenic in drinking water increased.

Objective To investigate the altered expression of muscarinic receptor 2 (M_2 receptor) in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) of Parkinson's disease (PD) model rat by immunocytochemical technique and explore the role of M_2 receptor in etiopathogenesis and pathophysiological changes of PD. Methods Sixteen healthy SD rats were divided randomly into two groups. Rat monoclonal antibody against the M_2 receptor was used. Then we used positive cell counting and optical density as indicators to analyze the altered expression of M_2 receptor in PPN of PD model rats. Results The counting of M_2 receptor positive cells in the PPN was not obviously changed in normal rats and the unlesioned side of PD rats (P>0.05), whereas a significant decrease was observed when compared to that in normal rats and the lesioned side of PD rats, respectively (P<0.05). However, the positive intensity in the three groups did not differ significantly. Conclusion The results indicate that there was a degenerative death or receptor loss of M_2 receptor positive cells in the lesioned PPN of PD rats. The expression intensity of M_2 receptor positive cells without degenrative death or receptor loss was not affected. It was also found that the factor affecting the change of M_2 receptor positive cells in the PPN involved only one side.

Objective To compare complications of ureteroneocystostomy and end-to-end ureteroureterostomy after kidney transplantation. Methods Eighty allograft renal transplantation patients between January 2005 and October 2008 were divided into two groups according to urinary tract reconstruction approach: ureteroneocystostomy group (40 cases) and ureteroureterostomy group (40 cases). Complications including leakage of urine,vesicoureteral reflux,obstruction of ureter and urinary tract infection were recorded.Results In ureteroneocystostomy group and ureteroureterostomy group,the patients were followed up for 13 - 46 (24.5 ± 8.9), 13 - 46 (26.0 ± 7.2) months postoperatively, urinary complications were recorded for 10 eases (25.0%, 10/40) and 4 cases (10.0%, 4/40)(P > 0.05), incidence of leakage of urine were 2.5%(1/40)and 5.0%(2/40) (P > 0.05), vesicoureteral reflux were 10.0% (4/40) and 0 (P ＜ 0.05), obstruction of ureter were 0 and 5.0% (2/40) (P > 0.05), and urinary tract infection were 12.5% (5/40) and 0 (P < 0.05).Conclusions Compared with ureteroneoc ystostomy, ureteroureterostomy can reduce the incidence of vesicoureteral reflux and urinary tract infection,it can be regarded as the first choice for urinary tract reconstruction after kidney transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a special type of cells with self-renewal and multi-differentiation potential, which can differentiate into intestinal organoids under certain conditions. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether iPSCs can differentiate into intestinal organoids under specific conditions in vitro.METHODS: iPSCs from B6J mice were recovered and cultured for 3 days until clone units covered about 80％ of the culture dish, and then the cells were cultured in the medium containing Activin A for 3 days until the deterministic endoderm formed. Further, the culture medium was replaced by the medium with fibroblast growth factor 4 and Wnt3A for 4 days to differentiate into the spheroids with CDX2+. After that, spheroids were collected and mixed with Matrigel,and then the mixture was dropped into the 4-well plate and cultured with Rspondin1, Noggin, epidermal growth factor, B27 and other growth factors to differentiate into intestinal organoids. Cell morphology was observed, FoxA2 and Sox17 expresson in the deterministic endoderm was detected, and CDX2, Sox9, CGA, MMP7 were measured.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: iPSCs were cultured with Activin A for 3 days with higher cell fusion, initial differentiation and FoxA2/Sox17 expression (P < 0.05) than those of non-induced iPSCs. Spheroids began to appear at the 3rd day after culture with fibroblast growth factor 4 and WNT3A, and formed a lot at the 4th day. And CDX2 expression in spheroids was significantly increased compared with that in the deterministic endoderm (P < 0.05). Organoids gradually formed after 3 days culture, which contained all cell types of intestinal organoids, and expressions of specific markers, Sox9, CGA, MMP7, were significantly higher than those in spheroids (P < 0.05). To conclude, iPSCs can be induced to differentiate into intestinal organoids in three-dimensional niche in vitro.

Objective:A questionnaire for the compliance with moxibustion was designed based on the 4-item Morisky scale, and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire was investigated.Methods:A modified Morisky scale was designed based on the 4-item Morisky scale for the compliance with moxibustion, and 146 patients having received moxibustion for over 2 weeks were investigated using this scale to evaluate their compliance with moxibustion; the internal equity and the construct validity of the scale were statistically analyzed.Results:The analysis of reliability showed that in item of internal consistency, the Cronbach's α was 0.72 and the split-half coefficient was 0.71, the correlation coefficients between the 4 component scores and the total score ranged 0.67-0.80, and the between-component correlation coefficients ranged 0.24-0.56; the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) totally extracted 1 common factor, and the explicable variation was 55.02%, and the loads of the 4 items were respectively 0.82, 0.81, 0.74 and 0.58.Conclusion:The reliability and validity of the modified Morisky scale for the compliance with moxibustion are acceptable, while several items need further modification and improvement in the expression and content.