Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. The majority of the patients die of metastases and recurrences after surgery. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) exist in the patients' peripheral blood, which can be considered as the crucial step in the metastasis cascade, thus being considered as the most valuable prognostic indicator. This paper summarized the clinical research works about CTC in eolorectal cancer during recent years.

One of the most problems is the diagnosis of the borderline lesion and/or borderline tumor to pathologists. It is necessary to make the correct diagnosis of the gastrointestinal borderline lesion and/or borderline tumor and correlative lesion such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors, gastrointestinal lymphoid proliferation and MALT lymphoma, IPSID, gastrointestinal adenoma and appendix carcinoid.[

The mechanism of invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma was associated with many aspects, including correlative genes such as k-ras,c-met,nm23,c-SRC,HES-6 and P107; immunoreaction; angiogenesis; correlative molecules interacting with extracellular matrix,nitric oxide. The paper summarized the current development in this field.

DNA methylation is one of the most common epigenetic events in eukaryotic cell.Aberrant DNA methylation is tightly related to tumorigenesis.Recent evidence indicates that DNA methylation is a promosing biomarker for cancer.The cancer-associated DNA methylation events could be detected from serum(plasma),urine,stool and bronchoalveolar lavage,providing a new choice for noninvasive cancer diagnosis.In this review,we summarized the advances on DNA methylation for noninvasive cancer diagnosis.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. The majority of the patients die of metastases and recurrences after surgery. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) exist in the patients’ peripheral blood, which can be considered as the crucial step in the metastasis cascade, thus being considered as the most valuable prognostic indicator. This paper summarized the clinical research works about CTC in colorectal cancer during recent years.

Adolescent ; Child ; Dyslipidemias ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans

Objective To explore the variations in category of internal diseases in order to plan out strategies to deal with during pre-hospital period in Chongqing urban area.Methods The category of internal diseases of pre-hospital emergency service in Chongqing urban area from January 2004 to December 2013 was studied and the data were analyzed retrospectively.Results Firstly,the number of patients in pre-hospital emergency service continued to mount up year by year,from 6031 patients in 2004 to 12 264 patients in 2013.The ration of male to femal was 1.24∶1 to 1.68∶ 1,and the cases of female increased year after year,from 2246 to 5486.Secondly,cardiovascular disease was the leading illness in the wide varieties of internal disease (15.35％-19.36％).The number of cerebrovascular accident (9.72％-13.11％),respiratory diseases (7.48％-10.20％) and digestive diseases (8.36％-10.58％) were escalating.However,the acute poisoning cases (2.36％-6.18％) showed a tendency of decline.The peak time of the pre-hospital emergency service was stable in past ten years.Thirdly,there were seasonal variation in incidence of cardiovascular,cerebrovascular and respiratory disease,more cases occurred in January and December than in other months.Alcoholism commonly peaked before Spring Festival.Fourthly,the peak time of internal disease occurred in the past 10 years was stable,peaked during 20:00-24:00,and the trough time was during 0:00-4:00,the ratio of trough to peak ranged from 30.7％ to 43.5％.Conclusion The variation of the internal disease category was associated more or less with seasonal rotation,the improved living standards,and stress of modern life,and the incidence of emergency illness were escalating year by year,thus the corresponding measures should be instituted to deal with those major changes.Improving pre-hospital emergency response capacity and efficacy of treatment is of great significance.Strengthening the prophylaxis and healthcare,and establishing a professional capability for triage classification of diseases during emergency service are great essential for promoting the swiftness of prehospital emergency response.

OBJECTIVE: To select the optimum extracting procedure for Kangdu Mixture by the application of L9 (34). METHODS: Orthogonal design was used to observe and study the effects of the factors of water volume, extracting times and extracting time on kangdu Mixture, the chlorogenic Acid and yield of dry extract was determined by high performance liquid chromatography, the synthetic weighted mark method was used to evaluate the extraction process. RESULTS: The optimum water extraction is as follows; 10 times of water, extracting twice by relux, 2 hours for each time. CONCLUSION: The process choosed in this experiment is practicable and can be applied for preparation of Kangdu Mixture, the optimal process is simple and high precision.

Objective To determine whether rabbit articular chondrocytes express growth factor genes delivered by recombined rat TGF beta 1,IGF 1 and what other influences on chondrocytes are,and to determine which gene is the best one for osteoarthritis therapy.Methods Monolayer cultures of rabbit articular chondrocytes were infected with recombinant plasmid pcDNA 3 and pAT 153 carrying genes encoding the following growth factors respectively:TGF beta 1 and IGF 1.The synthesis of TGF beta 1,IGF 1 and type Ⅱ collagen was measured by in situ hybridization,immunohistochemistry,immunofluoroscopy,flow cytometer and 3 H TdR radiolabeling.Results The expression of TGF beta1,IGF 1 and type Ⅱ collagen was high beyond control levels ( P