Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis ; Reference Standards

Recently,the interest in a new surgical procedure named natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery has blossomed worldwidely.During these several years,quite a number of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery experiments have been carried out on porcine models and even on humans,including transvaginal cholecystectomies,transgastric appendectomies,transvaginal appendectomies,transvesical peritoneoscopies,etc.This review article aims to discuss the current research status and the challenges of orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.

Objective To investigate the differences in the clinical application of the etiological subtypes of ischemic stroke according to the TOAST,ASCO and CISS criteria.Methods A total of 167 consecutive patients with fist-ever ischemic stroke were enrolled in the study.They were classified with the TOAST,ASCO and CISS criteria,respectively.The differences and consistency of subtype diagnosis of each etiology were compared.Results Compared with TOAST,ASCO grade 1 significantly increased the proportion of patients in a large atherosclerosis group (23.4％ vs.19.8％ ;x2 =4.167,P =0.031) and decreased that in a small vessel disease group (32.9％ vs.38.3％ ; x2 =4.923,P =0.022); similarly,CISS also significantly increased the proportion of patients in the large atherosclerosis group (37.1％ vs.19.8％ ;x2 =27.034,P ＜0.001)and decreased that in the small vessel disease group (19.2％ vs.38.3％;x2=25.289,P ＜ 0.001).However,ASCO grade 1 (34.1％ vs.28.1％;x2 =3.682,P=0.052) and CISS (32.9％ vs.28.1％;x2 =0.880,P =0.268) did not decrease the proportion of patients in a cryptogenic group.The consistency of the 3 typing methods was between moderate (other etiology group of TOAST/ASCO-1,κ =0.434) and excellent (cardioembolism group of TOAST/ASCO-1,κ =0.967).Conclusions Both ASCO-1 or CISS typing may not decrease the proportion of the patients with the subtype of cryptogenic stroke,but the consistency among all the subtypes was better.The design and characteristics of the diagnostic criteria in all subtypes with the 3 criteria should be considered in clinical practice.

Endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide-Ⅱ (EMAP-Ⅱ ) is a novel proinflammatory cytokine with proinflammatory,proapoptotic and antiangiogenic properties.It is associated with many tumorassociated proteins,such as tumor necrosis factor,vascular endothelial growth factor,hypoxia inducible factor-1α,arginyl-tRNA synthetase,and insulin-like growth factor- Ⅰ.EMAP-Ⅱ has anti-tumor properties and has a good prospect in cancer prevention and treatment.

Humans ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; prevention & control

Acute Disease ; China ; Humans ; Insecticides ; poisoning ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Poisoning ; prevention & control

Accidents, Occupational ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Metals ; poisoning

Chemotherapeutic drugs conventionally used for their cytotoxic activity can also exert their influence on the immune system by grooming the tumor microenvironment,abrogating immune tolerance and inciting immune reconstitution.Due to their immunomodulatory features,chemotherapeutics,used as a preconditioning regimen and combined with subsequent immunotherapy,can mobilize the immune system to generate antitumor immune response.The synergy between chemotherapy and immunotherapy has brought some enlightenment to the development of new protocols for cancer treatment.

Etiologic classification of ischemic stroke is the basis for epidemiological investigation, risk factor screening developing individualized treatment plan and prognostic measures. The etiologic classifications, such as TOAST, CCS, and ASCO, are more generally accepted methods at present. This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages from the diagnostic criteria and clinical application.

Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the outcomes of patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms. Although digestive endoscopy is considered as a best method to diagnose gastrointestinal neoplasms,some early stage,flat-type neoplasms may be overlooked by routine endoscopy. In recent years,endoscopic autofluorescence imaging( AFI)as a new technique, has been widely applied in clinical practice for enhancing the endoscopic diagnostic accuracy of gastrointestinal neoplasms,especially for early stage,flat-type neoplasms. This article reviewed the clinical application of AFI for diagnosis of gastrointestinal neoplasms.