Through analyzing the different names of “arm Taiyin”, “arm Yangming”, “Juyang”, shoulder, tooth, and ear meridian [fromZu Bi (Arm and Foot),Yin Yang, andMai Shu (Classic of Meridians)] inNei Jing (Internal Medicine), this article was to reveal the changing process of the meridian terms from arm to hand, and to analyze the co-existence of the different meridian terms and the complicated relationships between the meridians pathways and their indications. It’s believed that different academic schools were unified inLing Shu (Spiritual Pivot) and then became systemic theories.

BACKGROUND: Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) is a glycoprotein. Recent studies have demonstrated that rhEPO regulates many functional activities of neural cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different concentrations of rhEPO on proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) cultured in vitro. METHODS: Newborn Sprague-Dawley rat NSCs were harvested and cultured with serum-free culture medium containing different concentrations (5, 50, 500 U/mL) of rhEPO and 20 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factors (5, 50, and 500 U/mL rhEPO groups) and serum-free culture medium only containing 20 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factors (control group). After 7 days of culture, the cloning efficiency of NSCs was calculated. After 10 days of culture, neuron specific enolase (NSE)-and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactive cells were quantified. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the rhEPO groups, cells proliferated rapidly, and the number of NSC microspheres was greater, in particular in the 50 U/mL rhEPO group, compared with the control group. NSCs grew faster in the 50 U/mL rhEPO group than in the control group. The number of NSE-and GFAP-immunoreactive cells was greater in the 50 U/mL rhEPO group than in the control group (P<0.01). These findings suggest that rhEPO promotes the in vitro culture and proliferation of NSCs, in particular 50 U/mL rhEPO.

Aim According to various target sites of HLA-E mRNA,to design and synthesize 3 pieces of HLA-E siRNA chain,to compare quantitatively their efficiency of silencing gene in BEL-7402 with HLA-E(+)in order to select the dominant siRNA.Methods The hepatocarcinomal BEL-7402 cells,induced by 5×10~5 IU·L~(-1) IFN-γ,expressed HLA-E(+) and was pured by flow cytometry selecting as target cells for research.3 pieces of specific siRNA(A,B,C group)were designed and chemically synthesized,then the concentration of which(0.1 mmol·L~(-1))was respectively transfected through Lipofectamin 2000 into target cells.After 48 h,the gene silent effect on HLA-E gene in A,B and C groups was quantitatively observed by cytoimmunofluorence,flow cytometery,Western blot and real-time PCR,as well as on NK cytotoxicity to target cells tested by NK killing rate.Results Compared with those of control or non-specific siRNA group,HLA-E antigen,protein product,HLA-E mRNA and HLA-E molecule on cell surface were statistically down-regulated in A,B,and C group(P<0.01),whose were silenced more (above 90%) in B or C group than in A group (P<0.01).The NK killing rate in A,B and C groups was dominantly improved(P<0.01),which in B or C group was higher than in A group (P<0.01).Conclusion The targeted siRNA can specifically and high-efficiently silence HLA-E expression in hepatocarcinomal cells,and may keep them from immunoescape through non-classic HLAⅠ pathway to imply new strategy for hepatocarcinomal gene-immunotherapy.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the dissolubility of ambroxol hydrochloride tablets from four different manufacturers METHODS:To determine the dissolubility of ambroxol hydrochloride tablets according to Chinese WS-430(X-370)-2000 RESULTS:The accumulative dissolving quantity of all preparations exceeded 80% in 45 minutes The comparison of Weibull parameters,m,T50 and Td,showed significant differences(P

BACKGROUND: There are fewer reports about estrogen effects on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of diethylstilbestrol on the osteogenic differentiation of rabbit BMSCs. METHODS: Rabbit BMSCs cultured in vitro were intervened with 0, 10-7, 10-6, 10-5 mol/L diethylstilbestrol, and BMSCs cultured with dexamethasone 10-8 mol/L, β-sodium glycerophosphate 10 mmol/L, and vitamin C 50 mg/L were used as positive controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 10-6 mol/L diethylstilbestrol significantly improved the proliferative ability of BMSCs at 24, 48, and 72 hours after intervention (P < 0.01). 10-5 mol/L diethylstilbestrol significantly inhibited the proliferation of BMSCs at 48 hours after intervention as well as 10-7 mol/L diethylstilbestrol at 72 hours (P < 0.01). Mineralized nodular structures formed at 25 days after intervention with 10-7 mol/L diethylstilbestrol. Alkaline phosphatase activities were remarkably increased at 14 and 21 days after intervention with 10-7, 10-6 mol/L diethylstilbestrol. It has been proved that diethylstilbestrol has an enhancing effect on the osteogenic differentiation of rabbit BMSCs.

Endophytic bacteria reside in most healthy plants;it can not be easily influenced by outer environment.Some endophytic bacteria are beneficial to host plants,such as growth promotion,disease prevention and nitrogen fixation etc.Therefore,endophytic bacteria ale the potential microbial fungicides,it may be widely applied.In this study,endophytic bacteria were isolated from soybcan cultivar Hefeng 25 that was a main soybean cultivar in Heilongjiang province,China.The results indicated that the density of endophytic bacteria varied in different tissues of the plant.It was 3.4×103CFU/g in roots,2.8×103CFU/g in leaves,2.9×102 CFU/g in stems and 1.4×102 CFU/g in seeds.The activity of 121strains against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.soybean,caused soybean root rot,were assayed.25.6% of them showed antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum f. sp.soybean.One of them,strain TF28 isolated from soybean roots could inhibit the growth of many fungal pathogens.The inhibitory rates against F. oxysporum from different plant species were 80.2%-96.7%.Based on the morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the sequence of 16S rRNA,strain TF28 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the pulmanary fibrosis formed after a single PFIB exposure.METHODS A total of 70 male mice were exposed to PFIB 130 mg·m-3 for 5 min.Pulmonary edema of 10 mice was evaluated by lung indices at 24 h after PFIB exposure.Pathological changes and collagen deposition were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Sirius red stainings in the other mice,changes in collagen content in lungs and plasma by measuring the respective hydroxyproline content at 2,4,6,8,12 and 16 weeks after PFIB exposure.RESULTS Severe pulmonary edema was observed at 24 h after PFIB exposure.At day 14 after PFIB exposure,inflammatory cell infiltration,alveolar septum thickening,interstitial and alveolar edema and protein leakage were noticed.Collagens types Ⅰ and Ⅲ on the wall of vessel and bronchi were severely damaged,but considerable amount of collagen type Ⅲ deposited on the alveolar wall.The content of hydroxyproline considerably decreased in the lungs but increased significantly in the plasma up to six weeks.Hydroxyproline in lungs and plasma began to recover at the end of 8 weeks,and then returned to normal.At 16 weeks,they recovered to normal level.At the end of 4 weeks,the lung lesions and the collagens at the wall of vessel and bronchi began to recover gradually; collagen typeⅢ at the alveolar wall was gradually absorbed,too.At 16 weeks,the lungs almost recovered to normal level.CONCLUSION At earlier phase after PFIB exposure,the excessive collagens destruction in lungs is observed,but no pulmonary fibrosis forms at the later phase.

Objective To investigate the features of PET-CT manifestation of pancreatic metastasis,and to improve its detection rate.Methods The PET-CT images of 31 cases of clinically diagnosed pancreatic metastases and 26 cases of primary pancreatic cancer were retrospectively evaluated.Two experienced specialists identified the lesion location in fused images.After frame by frame image analysis,the lesions with significantly increased radioactivity uptake were seen as positive,when compared with surrounding normal pancreatic tissue.The outline of regions of interest was drawn along the edge of the lesion shown in PET,and based on a semi-quantitative evaluation,the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) was calculated.If SUVmax ＞ 2.5,it was considered as positive.Results Among the 31 cases with pancreatic metastasis,22 cases of lung cancer,2 cases of gastric cancer 2 cases of colon carcinoma,1 case of maxillary sinus carcinoma,thyroid carcinoma,melanoma,renal cell carcinoma or gallbladder carcinoma were identified.Twenty-one cases (67.7％) were single,10 cases (32.3％) were multiple or diffuse lesions.Among the single lesions,7 (33.3％) were located in the pancreatic head and neck,14 in pancreatic body and tail.Among the 26 cases of primary pancreatic carcinoma,18 cases (69.2％) were located in the pancreatic head,8(30.8％) in the pancreatic body and tail.The sites of primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer were significantly different (x2 =6.012,P =0.014).CT scan showed only 17 nodular lesions with relatively low density and less clear boundary.PET images showed lesions in 31 cases of metastatic pancreatic cancer,and the mean SUVmax was 7.42 ± 3.48,which was significantly higher than that in primary pancreatic cancer group (5.39 ± 1.71,F =4.87,P =0.032).In addition,PET-CT identified 30 cases of other organs or lymph node metastasis.Conclusions PET-CT plays an important role in the diagnosis of metastatic pancreatic cancer.

OBJECTIVEIt aims to investigate the changes in composition and structure of bacterial communities developing on biological activated carbon (BAC) particles, and the bacterial functions.

METHODA pilot plant had been in service for 180 days, aiming to develop bacterial communities on activated carbon naturally. After 180 days of operation, the bacterial communities were determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes. The study on community composition and the phylogenetic relationships of the organisms was complemented by a sequence analysis of cloned PCR products from 16S rRNA genes. Gas chromatography-mass (GC-MS) measurement was used to determine organic chemical composition of inflow and outflow water on the 300th day. TOC and NH(4)(+)-N were also tested in this experiment.

RESULTSIt showed that the stable bacterial structure did not develop on BAC particles until the 9th month during running time of the BAC filter. The communities were finally dominated by Pseudomonas sp., Ba-cillus sp., Nitrospira sp., and an uncultured bacterium. Stable bacterial communities played an important role in removal of NH(4)(+)-N and total organic carbon (TOC). Results from gas chromatography-mass (GC-MS) showed that 36 kinds of chemicals in feed water were eliminated, and concentrations of 5 kinds of chemicals decreased. These chemicals served as nutrients for the dominant bacteria.

CONCLUSIONThe findings from the study suggested that the stability of microbial structure was beneficial for improving NH(4)(+)-N and TOC removal efficiencies. The dominant bacteria had the advantage of biode-grading a wide range of organic chemicals and NH(4)(+)-N.

Ammonia ; chemistry ; Bacteria ; classification ; genetics ; Biofilms ; Carbon ; chemistry ; Filtration ; instrumentation ; methods ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Pilot Projects ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; instrumentation ; methods ; Water Microbiology ; Water Purification ; instrumentation ; methods ; Water Supply ; standards

Objective To evaluate the long-term therapeutic results and the safety of nephronsparing surgery(NSS) for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Methods Clinical data of 243 NSSfor renal cell carcinoma were retrospectively analysed. Of them, 159 were males and 84 were femaleswith average age of 58 years (range from 24 ?77 years). The average tumor size was 3. 4 cm (rangefrom 1.1 to 6. 7 cm). Three cases were solitary renal cell carcinoma, 11 were bilateral renal cell carcinoma; 237 cases were in stage T_(1a). and 6 cases were in stage T_(1b). No lymph node and distant metastasis, no renal vein cancer tumor embolus and inferior vena cava tumor embolus was found. Postoperative follow-up was carried out by ultrasound, CT and renal function. Cancer specific survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Results After a mean 31 months (1-147months) follow-up, long-term follow-up data were obtained in 232 cases because the other 11 did notlive in Dalian, 52 were treated with interferon. Four of the 232 patients treated with NSS had died:1died from lung cancer 16 months after lung cancer treatment, the other 3 died from cardiovascular diseases. The total survival rate and cancer specific survival rate were 98. 3% and 100. 0%, respectively.Local tumor recurrences were detected in 5 patients and tumor metastasis was detected in 1 patient.The recurrence rate was 2. 2%, and the metastasis rate was 0. 4%. The complications included temporary renal failure and urine leakage. The complication rate was 5. 6%. Conclusions NSS for renalcell carcinoma is a safe and feasible treatment option. It has the advantages of low local recurrence,good long-term survival rate and low complication rate. NSS can maximally reserve functional nephron, reduce the risk of chronic renal failure, preserve patient's quality of life and increase patient'ssatisfaction.