Objective:To explore the protective mechanisms of You-gui-wan on hydrocortisone-induced apoptosis of murine thymocytes.Methods:Annexin V/ PI double stain was applied to analyze the apoptotic states of thymocytes after injection with hydrocortisone coupled with or without administration You-gui-wan.The transcriptions of Bcl-2 and Bax were tested by RT-PCR.Results:The apoptotic rate of thymocytes was seriously increased in hydrocortisone-injected mice contrasted to matched control mice(P

Aim To investigate the protective effect of cinnamic aldehyde ( CA ) on hormone-induced osteo-clasts proliferation and bone resorption in vitro and its molecular mechanisms. Methods RAW264. 7 cells induced into osteoclast were treated with RANKL and M-CSF and then were divided into control group, dexa-methasone ( DEX ) group and different doses of CA (11. 6, 23. 2, 46. 4 μg·L-1 ) groups. OCs were ob-served after tartrate resistant acid phosphatase( TRAP) staining. The cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay at different time points. The expression levels of TRACP5 b in cell cultured supernatants were measured by ELISA. RT-PCR technique was applied to examine the transcriptional levels of RANK and NFATc1 . Re-sults In MTT assay, the proliferation of osteoclasts stimulated by dexamethasone was promoted seriously compared with negative control group ( P < 0. 05 ) . Meanwhile, DEX could strengthen the content of TRACP5 b and up-regulate the expressions of RANK and NFATc1 mRNA. After administration of CA, the proliferation was inhibited, while the enhanced expres-sion of TRAP5b was reversed,and the over-expressions of RANK and NFATc1 mRNA were obviously down-regulated in a time-and-dose-dependent manner ( P <0. 05 ) . Conclusion The results suggest that CA in-hibits proliferation and bone resorption of osteoclast in-duced by DEX, which may be mediated by down-regu-lation of RANK and NFATc1 mRNA.

Objective To study the clincial effectiveness and safety of endoscopic sphincteropapillotomy combined with balloon dilation for decompensated cirrhosis accompanied with choledocholithiasis.Methods Data of 79 cases of decompensated cirrhosis patients with choledocholithiasis who underwent limited endoscopic sphincterotomy plus endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (ESBD,the ESBD group) and 42 cases who underwent endoscopic papillary balloon dilation(EPBD,the EPBD group)were retrospectively analysed and compared for complete stone clearance rate,one-time stone clearance rate and complications.Results The rate of complete stone clearance and one-time stone clearance were 94.9％ (75/79) and 77.2％ (61/79)in ESBD group,and those were 88.1％ (37/42) and 59.5％ (25/42) in EPBD group respectively.The rate of complete stone clearance was a little higher in ESBD group than that in EPBD group.In ESBD group,ERCP-related bleeding occurred in 3 patients (3.8％),post-ERCP hyperamylasemia in 3 (3.8％)and post-ERCP pancreatitis in 2 (2.5％) ; while in EPBD group,post-ERCP hyperamylasemia occurred in 8 patients(19.0％),post-ERCP pancreatitis in 6(14.3％) and ERCP-related bleeding did not occur.There were no significant difference in ERCP-related bleeding between ESBD group and EPBD group (P =0.551).However,the rates of post-ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia in ESBD group were significantly lower than those in EPBD group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion ESBD is a safe and effective procedure for choledocholithiasis accompanied by decompensated cirrhosis,with several advantages over EPBD in terms of higher one-time stone clearance rate,reduced risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia,and without noticeable increase in the risk of bleeding related to ERCP.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of three endoscopic methods for re-moval of common bile duct stones (CBDs)accompanied with periampullary diverticula(PAD).Methods A total of 154 patients hospitalized at Taizhou Hospital and Taizhou No.1 People′s Hospital of Zhejiang prov-ince from December 2012 to July 2013 were divided randomly into three groups,i.e.,EST,EPBD and ES-BD group,and received the treatment of EST,EPBD and limited EST plus EPBD (ESBD)to extract CBDs, respectively.After 12 months of follow-up,the rate of full stone clearance,stones clearance rate in one time,the rate of mechanical lithotripsy,the rate of urgent lithotripsy,the average procedures,the average removal time and the complication incidence among three groups were compared.Results The rates of stone clearance in one time in group ESBD was higher than those of group EST and group EPBD (94.12% VS 78.43%,73.08%;P <0.05)with significant difference.The average procedures in group ESBD was lower than that of group EPBD (1.08 VS 1.31,P <0.05),which also showed significant difference.The occur-rence rates of early complication in group ESBD was lower than that of group EPBD (15.69% VS 34.61%, P <0.05).The occurrence rates of post-ERCP hyperamylasemia in group ESBD was lower than that of group EPBD (5.88% VS 21.15%)with significant difference (P <0.05).The incidence of pneumobilia in group EST was higher than those of group EPBD (52.27% VS 26.19%,P =0.013)and group ESBD (52.27%VS 27.66%,P =0.016).Conclusion The stone extraction efficiency of ESBD is better than that of EST and EPBD.Compared with conventional EST,ESBD shows similar safety level,and is safer than EPBD.So ESBD is a safe and effective method to remove CBDs with PAD.

Objective:To demonstrate the relationship between the Th 1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm and the bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency and looking for potential target for clinical treatment.Methods:30 BALB/c mice were divided randomly into the normal control group , the sham operation group , and the ovariectomy group.The serum estradiol ( E2 ) was assessed by ELISA.Bone mineral density (BMD) of thigh bone was measured with dual energy X ray absorptiometry.Meanwhile,the T-cell subsets (Th1:CD4+TNFα+, Th2: CD4+IL-4+, Th17: CD4+IL-17 A+, Treg: CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) in spleen lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:Compared with the normal group and the sham operation group , both E2 and BMD in the ovariectomy group decreased significantly ( P<0.05 ).The percentage of Th 1 and Th17 subset increased while the percentage of Th 2 and Treg decreased significantly in ovariectomy mice compared with sham operation mice.Correlation analysis showed that BMD was positively related to E 2 level and the percentage of Th 2 and Treg subset;however ,BMD was negatively related to the percentage of Th 1 and Th17 subset ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion: Conclusion: T-cell paradigm was involved in the bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency.Modifying T-cell paradigm may become a potential target for reducing bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency .

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Plague ; epidemiology ; Yersinia pestis

Objective To assess the predictive value for survival of BioCliM index in liver cirrhosis caused esophageal and gastric varices bleeding(EGVB)treated by endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL),endoscopic injection sclerotherapy(EIS)and endoscopic tissue adhesives(ETA).Methods From December 2006 to December 2011, the clinical data of 166 hospitalized patients with first occurrence of EGVB caused by liver cirrhosis and received endoscopic therapies were retrospectively analyzed.The scores of model for end-stage liver disease(MELD),model for end-stage liver disease-Na(MELD-Na),BioCliM index and Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP)were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and area under the curve(AUC)were applied to assess the accuracy of the four models in one-year and two-year prognosis evaluation,and to obtain the best critical value,and the mortality rates were compared among groups.Chi-square test,t test and rank-sum test were performed for statistical analysis.Results Among 166 patients,the levels of creatinine,bilirubin,albumin,sodium,international normalized ratio and prothrombin time were(0.10 ± 0.06)mmol/L,(0.02 ± 0.01)mmol/L,(30.13 ± 5.06)g/L, (139.13 ± 4.27)mmol/L,1.50 ± 0.32 and(17.83 ± 2.88)s,respectively.During the one-year and two-year follow-up,there were 14 patients and 23 patients dead,respectively.During the one-year and two-year follow-up, the incidences of portal thrombosis of death group were lower than those of survival group(10/14 vs 93.4%,142/152;73.9%,17/23 vs 94.4%,135/143);and the differences were statistically significant(χ2=8.029 and 10.774, both P<0.01).During the one-year and two-year follow-up,BioCliM indexes of death group were 0.12(-0.82, 1.44)and -0.81(-0.87,0.92),respectively,which were both higher than those of survival group(-0.84,-0.94 to -0.73;and -0.84,-0.94 to -0.72),and the differences were statistically significant(Z= -3.074 and -2.260,both P<0.05).During the one-year follow-up,the AUC values of MELD,MELD-Na,BioCliM index and CTP score were 0.698,0.691,0.749 and 0.723,respectively.During the two-year follow-up,the AUC values of MELD,MELD-Na,BioCliM index and CTP score were 0.587,0.582,0.647 and 0.633,respectively. But there was no statistically significant difference in AUC between BioCliM index and MELD,MELD-Na,and CTP score in one-year and two-year follow-up for prognosis evaluation(Z=0.509,0.566,0.271,0.687,0.731 and 0.162,respectively;all P>0.05).The best critical value of BioCliM index was -0.234.Followed up for one year and two years,the mortality rates of patients with BioCliM index over -0.230 were higher than that of patients with BioCliM index less than -0.234(31.0%,9/29 vs 3.6%,5/137;34.5%,10/29 vs 9.5%,13/137);and the differences were statistically significant(χ2=23.242 and 12.526,both P<0.01).Conclusions BioCliM index has a high accuracy in one-year and two-year mortality rate evaluation in liver cirrhosis patients with EGVB and received endoscopical therapies.We should pay attention to the prognosis evaluation before the endoscopical therapy.

Objective To explore the pathologic features and distribution characteristics of upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors (SMT).Methods From January 2013 to December 2017,at Department of Gastroenterology of Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University,clinical data of 1 182 hospitalized patients with 1 237 upper gastrointestinal SMT who underwent endoscopic therapy and diagnosed by pathology and immunohistochemistry was retrospectively analyzed including the pathological types,tumor of locations,endoscopic findings,layer of origin and tumor size.Results There were 473 esophageal SMT,including 387(81.8％) leiomyomas,located in the mucosal muscularis or muscularis propria;and 59(12.5％)cysts located in the submucosa or mucosal muscularis.There were 138(29.2％) lesions,159(33.6％) lesions and 176(37.2％) lesions in the upper,middle and lower esophagus respectively,and the most common type was leiomyoma.A total of 723 tumors were gastric SMT,among them 284 (39.3％) lesions were gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and 273(37.8％) lesions were leiomyomas,and all located in the muscularis propria.A total of 69(9.5％) lesions located at cardia,the common types were leiomyoma (55 lesions,79.7％) and GIST (nine lesions,13.0％).A total of 239 (33.1％) lesions located at gastric fundus,the common types were GIST (152 lesions,63.6％) and leiomyoma (79 lesions,33.1％).A total of 280 (38.7％) lesions located at gastric body,the common types were leiomyoma (138 lesions,49.3％) and GIST (111 lesions,39.6％).A total of 127 (17.6％) lesions located at gastric antrum,the common types were heterotopic pancrease (71 lesions,55.9％) and lipoma (26 lesions,20.5％),and all were located in the submucosa,some involved the muscularis propria.There were six (0.8％) lesions at gastric angle,and two (0.3％) at gastrointestinal anastomosis.Forty-one lesions were duodenal SMT,among them 23(56.1％) located at duodenal bulb,the common types were cyst (10 lesions,43.5％),lipoma (five lesions,21.7％) and heterotopic pancrease (five lesions,21.7％).A total of 18(43.9％) lesions located at descending duodenum,the common types were lipoma (nine lesions,50.0％) and cyst (five lesions,27.8％),and all lesions located in the submucosa.Conclusions The most common type of SMT in the esophagus and cardia is leiomyoma,however the SMT in gastric fundus and body are mostly leiomyomas and GIST,while in gastric antrum,most SMT are heterotopic pancreases and lipomas.In duodenal bulb and descending duodenum,the common types of SMT are cyst and lipoma.

[Abstract] Objective ： ：To investigate the long-chain noncoding RNA (Lnc RNA) PCGEM1 regulating the lung cancer (LC) cell invasion and metastasis through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. Methods： ：From March 2016 to May 2018, total 62 cases of LC patients receiving surgical treatment in our hospital were collected, including cancer tissues and normal tissues more than 2 cm away from the cancer tissues. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of lncRNA PCGEM1 and miR-148a in LC, corresponding para-cancer tissues and different LC cell strains. LncRNA PCGEM1 silenced cell line A549-siPCGEM1 and negative control A549-NC were constructed, and A549 was used as blank control. MTT and plate cloning assay were used to detect the effect of PCGEM1 on the proliferation of A549 cells. Transwell and scratch assay were used to detect the effect of PCGEM1 on the invasion and migration of A549 cells. The bioinformatics website StarBase was used to predict the complementary binding miRNAof PCGEM1. Furthermore, according to the website Targetscan, the genes that the corresponding miRNAs could target and bind were predicted. Results： ：qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of PCGEM1 in LC tissues and lung cancer cell lines was higher than that in normal tissues, and the expression level of miR-148a was lower than that in normal tissues (all P<0.05). The expression level of PCGEM1 in A549 cells was the highest, and the difference was statistically significant compared with other cell lines (P<0.05). After successful construction of PCGEM1 silenced cells, compared with the blank control group and A549-NC group, the cell OD492nm value of A549-siPCGEM1 group was significantly decreased, the number of cell clones and the number of matrigel matrix gels was significantly reduced, the cell migration rate was significantly reduced, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). According to the prediction results of StarBase website, PCGEM1 could be complementary to miR-148a, and the prediction analysis on microRNA.org website shows that miR-148a had a targeted binding site with TGF-β2. qRT-PCR and Western blotting results showed that the expression of miR-148a was significantly increased in the A549-siPCGEM1 group compared with the blank control group and A549-NC group, and the expression of TGF-β2 and p-Smad 2 was significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the expression of the above indicators in the blank control group and A549-NC group was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion： ：Lnc RNA PCGEM1 is highly expressed in lung cancer. High expression of PCGEM1 may enhance the TGF-β2/Smad2 signaling pathway by downregulation of miR-148a, thus promoting the development of LC and the malignant biological behavior.

OBJECTIVETo study the risk classification of animal plague in Spermophilus Dauricus Focus, using the Best Subsets Regression (BSR) model.

METHODSMatlab, BSR and exponential smoothing were employed to develop and evaluate a model for risk classification as well as to forecast plague epidemics at the Spermophilus Dauricus Focus. Data was based upon the Inner Mongolia surveillance programs. This model involved 7 risk factors, including density of Spermophilus dauricus, percentage of hosts infested, host flea index, percentage of nests infested, nest flea index, percentage of runways infested, and runway flea index.

RESULTSForecasting values of the classification model(CM)were calculated and grouped into 3 risk levels. Values that over 2/3 of the CM would indicate the existence of potential epidemics while those below 1/3 would indicate that there were no risk for epidemics but when values that were in between would indicate that there exist for high risk. Annually, during the observation period in the Inner Mongolia Spermophilus Dauricus Foci, the detection of Yersinia pestis gave a risk rating value of 1 which stood for existing epidemics, while nil detection rate generated a 'zero' value which representing the situation of non-epidemic. The overall plague epidemics forecasting surveillance programs in 2012 at the Spermophilus Dauricus Foci indicated that no active plague was observed. When the forecasting values became over 2/3, combinations of all the risk factors would achieve the consistency rates of 100%. When the forecasting values were below 1/3, combinations of at least the first 4 factors could also achieve the consistency rates of 100%. However, when the forecasting values fell in between, combinations of at least the first 4 factors would achieve the consistency rates of around 50%.

CONCLUSIONResults from our study showed that plague would not be active to become epidemic, in 2012.

Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Plague ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Risk Assessment ; Rodent Diseases ; epidemiology ; Sciuridae ; Yersinia pestis