Liver cancer is a malignant tumor with a high mortality rate.With the continuous development of targeted drugs,immunotherapy and other technological means,translational therapy has become a consensus in the treatment of advanced liver cancer.The liver's inherent immune tolerance,tumor tissue,and various immune components constitute a dynamically changing liver cancer microenvironment.The immune escape in the microenvironment of liver cancer is the main obstacle to current immunotherapy.Cellular immunity is an important component of anti-tumor immunity,and the status and function of immune cells are closely related to cancer prognosis.This article reviews the progress of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma,in order to benefit the exploring of targeted antitumor therapy.

Objective To develop a matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-responsive hyaluronic acid(HA)-based controlled-release material for brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)to provide a novel therapeutic strategy for intervention and repair of traumatic brain injury(TBI).Methods HA was modified with amination,followed by condensation with Suflo-SMCC carboxyl group to form amide,and then linked with glutathione(GSH)to synthesize HA-GSH.The recombinant glutathione S-transferase(GST)-tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-BDNF(GST-TIMP-BDNF)expression plasmid was constructed using molecular cloning technique with double enzyme digestion by Bam H Ⅰ and Eco R Ⅰ.The recombinant GST-TIMP-BDNF protein was expressed in the Escherichia coli prokaryotic expression system,and purified by ion exchange chromatography,confirmed by Western blotting.MMP diluents were supplemented with PBS,MMP inhibitor marimastat,and varing concentrations(0.4,0.6,0.8 mg/ml)of GST-TIMP-BDNF or GST-BDNF.MMP-2 activity was analyzed using an MMP activity detection kit to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the recombinant protein on MMP.Primary rat neurons were extracted and cultured to establish an iron death model induced by RSL3.The effect of recombinant protein GST-TIMP-BDNF on neuronal injury was detected by immunofluorescence staining.Results MRI hydrogen spectrum identification confirmed the successful synthesis of HA-GSH.Western blotting results showed the successful expression of the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-BDNF containing the GST tag using the E.coli prokaryotic expression system.MMP activity detection results indicated that the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-BDNF had a superior inhibitory effect on MMP-2 activity compared to GST-BDNF(P<0.05).Immunofluorescence staining results showed a significant increase in fluorescence intensity in rat neurons treated with GST-TIMP-BDNF after RSL3 induction(P<0.05).Conclusion A MMP-responsive HA-based BDNF controlled-release material has been successfully developed,exhibiting a protective effect on neuron damage.

Objective:To systematically screen and identify long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)associated with bone marrow adiposity changes in aplastic anemia(AA).Methods:The PPARγ and C/EBPα ChIP-Seq data in ChIPBase was analyzed by bioinformatics and the potential lncRNA co-transcriptionally regulated by PPARγ and C/EBPα was screened.The expression of candidate lncRNA was verified by qRT-PCR in the in vitro adipogenic differentiation model of BM-MSC,BM-MSC infected with lenti-shPPARγ and lenti-shC/EBPα as well as clinical BM-MSC samples derived from AA and controls.Results:PPARγ and C/EBPα were significantly highly expressed in AA BM-MSC,and knock-down of PPARγ and C/EBPα impaired the adipogenic capacity of AA BM-MSC.PPARγ and C/EBPα cotranscriptionally activate LINC01230 promoter activity in binding sites dependant manner.The LINC01230 was also aberrantly highly expressed in AA BM-MSC compared with controls.Conclusion:PPARγ and C/EBPα are aberrantly expressed in AA BM-MSC and may promote the adipogenic differentiation of AA BM-MSC,and to a certain extent mediate the bone marrow adiposity alteration by transcriptionally activating LINC01230 expression.

Objective:To explore the genotypes and frequency distribution of thalassemia in Lingui District,Guilin City,and provide reference for the prevention and control of thalassemia in this area. Methods:The results of genetic testing for thalassemia in 1501 suspected cases at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. The deletional mutations of α-thalassemia were detected by gap-PCR,the non-deletional mutations of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia mutations were detected by PCR-reverse dot blot (PCR-RDB). Results:In 1501 samples,a total of 678 cases of thalassemia carriers were detected,with a detection rate of 45.17％. Among them,379 cases were α-thalassemia (including deletional α-thalassemia and non-deletional α-thalassemia),with a detection rate of 25.25％,the most common genotype was--SEA/αα (227 cases,15.12％),followed by-α3.7/αα (53 cases,3.53％). 270 cases of β-thalassemia were detected,with a detction rate of 17.99％,and βCD41-42/βN (144 cases,9.59％) was the main genotypes,followed by βCD17/βN (66 cases,4.40％) . In addition,there were 29 cases of αβ compound thalassemia,accounting for 1.93％,and the most common genotype was--SEA/αα complex βCD41-42/βN (5 cases,0.33％). Conclusion:Lingui District in Guilin City is a high-incidence area of thalassemia,and the genotypes of carriers are complex and diverse,with genetic heterogeneity. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in this area.

Aim To explore the effects of Huannao Yicong decoction(HYD)on the learning and memory ability and brain iron metabolism in APP/PS1 mice and the correlation of HAMP knockout mice and APP/PS1 double transgenic model mice.Methods The ex-periment was divided into five groups,namely,HAMP-/-group(6-month HAMP gene knockout mice),APP/PS1 group(6-month APP/PS1-double-transgenic mice),HAMP-/-+HYD,APP/PS1+HYD,and negative control group(6-month C57BL/6J mice),with six mice in each group.The dose was ad-ministered(13.68 g·kg-1 weight),and the other groups received distilled water for gavage once a day for two months.After the administration of the drug,the mice in each group were tested for learning and memory in the Morris water maze;Biochemical detec-tion was performed to detect iron ion content in each mouse brain;Western blot and RT-qPCR were carried out to analyze hippocampal transferrin(TF),transfer-rin receptor1(TFR1),membrane iron transporter1(FPN1)divalent metal ion transporter 1(DMT1)and β-amyloid protein(Aβ)protein and mRNA expression levels in each group.Results Compared with the normal group,both HAMP-/-mice and APP/PS1 mice had reduced the learning and memory capacity,in-creased iron content in brain tissue,Aβ protein ex-pression increased in hippocampus of HAMP-/-group and APP/PS1 group mice(P＜0.01),the protein and mRNA expression of TF,TFR1 and DMT1 increased in hippocampal tissues of HAMP-/-and APP/PS1 groups(P＜0.01),and the FPN1 protein and mRNA expres-sion decreased(P＜0.01).Compared with the HAMP-and APP/PS1 groups,respectively,HAMP-/-+HYD group and APP/PS1+HYD group had improved learning and memory ability,decreased iron content,decreased Aβ protein expression(P＜0.01),decreased TF,TFR1,DMT1 protein and mR-NA expression(P＜0.01),and increased expression of FPN1 protein and mRNA(P＜0.01).Conclusions There is some association between HAMP-/-mice and APP/PS1 mice,HYD can improve the learning and memory ability of HAMP-/-and APP/PS1 mice and reduce the Aβ deposition.The mechanism may be related to the regulation of TF,TFR1,DMT1,FPN1 expression and improving brain iron overload.

Two undescribed terpene glycosides and two compounds were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus by using various chromatographic methods, including MCI Gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, silica gel and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopy methods (1D, 2D NMR, UV, IR, MS, etc.), and the absolute configuration of the compound 1 was determined by ECD calculation and acid hydrolysis. Compounds 1 and 2 are new compound, and compounds 3 and 4 were isolated from Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus for the first time.

Objective To analyze the genetic subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in the newly reported HIV-infected men in Guangxi. Methods The stratified random sampling method was employed to select the newly reported HIV-infected men aged≥50 years old in 14 cities of Guangxi from January to June in 2020.The pol gene of HIV-1 was amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced.The mutation sites associated with drug resistance and the degree of drug resistance were then analyzed. Results A total of 615 HIV-infected men were included in the study.The genetic subtypes of CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC accounted for 57.4% (353/615),17.1% (105/615),and 22.4% (138/615),respectively.The mutations associated with the resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI),non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI),and protease inhibitors occurred in 8 (1.3%),18 (2.9%),and 0 patients,respectively.M184V (0.7%) and K103N (1.8%) were the mutations with the highest occurrence rates for the resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs,respectively.Twenty-two (3.6%) patients were resistant to at least one type of inhibitors.Specifically,4 (0.7%),14 (2.3%),4 (0.7%),and 0 patients were resistant to NRTIs,NNRTIs,both NRTIs and NNRTIs,and protease inhibitors,respectively.The pretreatment resistance to NNRTIs had much higher frequency than that to NRTIs (2.9% vs.1.3%;χ²=3.929,P=0.047).The prevalence of pretreatment resistance to lamivudine,zidovudine,tenofovir,abacavir,rilpivirine,efavirenz,nevirapine,and lopinavir/ritonavir was 0.8%, 0.3%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 2.8%, 2.9%, and 0, respectively. Conclusions CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC are the three major strains of HIV-infected men≥50 years old newly reported in Guangxi,2020,and the pretreatment drug resistance demonstrates low prevalence.
Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics* ; China/epidemiology* ; Mutation ; HIV-1/genetics* ; Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Genotype

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical features of children with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) secondary to epidemic encephalitis B (EEB). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of five children with EEB with "bipolar course" who were treated in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to June 2022. RESULTS: Among the five children, there were three boys and two girls, with a median age of onset of 7 years (range 3 years 9 months to 12 years) and a median time of 32 (range 25-37) days from the onset of EEB to the appearance of AE symptoms. The main symptoms in the AE stage included dyskinesia (5/5), low-grade fever (4/5), mental and behavioral disorders (4/5), convulsion (2/5), severe disturbance of consciousness (2/5), and limb weakness (1/5). Compared with the results of cranial MRI in the acute phase of EEB, the lesions were enlarged in 3 children and unchanged in 2 children showed on cranial MRI in the AE stage. In the AE stage, four children were positive for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibody (one was also positive for anti-γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptor antibody), and one was negative for all AE antibodies. All five children in the AE stage responded to immunotherapy and were followed up for 3 months, among whom one almost recovered and four still had neurological dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS EEB can induce AE, with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis as the most common disease. The symptoms in the AE stage are similar to those of classical anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Immunotherapy is effective for children with AE secondary to EEB, and the prognosis might be related to neurological dysfunction in the acute phase of EEB.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; Infant, Newborn ; Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis ; Retrospective Studies ; Hashimoto Disease/therapy* ; Encephalitis, Arbovirus

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are mediators of the aging process. The purpose of this work was to analyze the miRNA expression profiles of spermatozoa from men of different ages with normal fertility. Twenty-seven donors were divided into three groups by age (Group A, n = 8, age: 20-30 years; Group B, n = 10, age: 31-40 years; and Group C, n = 9, age: 41-55 years) for high-throughput sequencing analysis. Samples from 65 individuals (22, 22, and 21 in Groups A, B, and C, respectively) were used for validation by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A total of 2160 miRNAs were detected: 1223 were known, 937 were newly discovered and unnamed, of which 191 were expressed in all donors. A total of 7, 5, and 17 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) were found in Group A vs B, Group B vs C, and Group A vs C comparisons, respectively. Twenty-two miRNAs were statistically correlated with age. Twelve miRNAs were identified as age-associated miRNAs, including hsa-miR-127-3p, mmu-miR-5100_L+2R-1, efu-miR-9226_L-2_1ss22GA, cgr-miR-1260_L+1, hsa-miR-652-3p_R+1, pal-miR-9993a-3p_L+2R-1, hsa-miR-7977_1ss6AG, hsa-miR-106b-3p_R-1, hsa-miR-186-5p, PC-3p-59611_111, hsa-miR-93-3p_R+1, and aeca-mir-8986a-p5_1ss1GA. There were 9165 target genes of age-associated miRNAs. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the target genes identified revealed enrichment of protein binding, membrane, cell cycle, and so on. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of age-related miRNAs for target genes revealed 139 enriched pathways, such as signaling pathways regulating stem cell pluripotency, metabolic pathways, and the Hippo signaling pathway. This suggests that miRNAs play a key role in male fertility changes with increasing age and provides new evidence for the study of the mechanism of age-related male fertility decline.
Humans ; Male ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Signal Transduction/genetics* ; Spermatozoa/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Profiling