Objective To observe the clinical effect of treating diabetic nephropathy with Shengqidihuang decoction combined with metformin. Methods 54 cases with diabetic nephropathy were randomly divided into two groups by means of random number table. Both groups were given diabetic routine treatment. The control group was treated with metformin, 0.25 mg each time, three times a day, based on the diabetic routine treatment for 8 weeks, and the treatment group was treated with Shengqidihuang decoction, once a day, 4 weeks as a course, continuously treated for 2 courses based on the control group. 24 h urinary protein (24hUAE) , serum creatinine (SCr) , blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were detected before and after the treatment. The clinical effect was observed between the two groups after the treatment. Results The total effective rate of the treatment group and the control group was 85.2% and 66.7% respectively, showing a significant difference (λ2=3.376, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, 24 hUA ,SCr, BUN and FBG in the treatment group decreased significantly (λ2=4.231, P<0.05) after the treatment.24hUAE, SCr, BUN and FBG decreased significantly after the treatment, especially in the treatment group, also showing a significant difference (λ2= 3.754, P<0.05). Conclusion The therapy of mefformin combined with Shengqidihuang decoction on diabetic nephropathy was better than metformin only.

Background Allograft rejection is a main cause of failure of penetrating keratoplasty,especially in the patient with high risk of rejection condition.Previous study on allograft rejection mechanism focused on limbal and corneal neovascularization,but these factors did not explain all the phenomena of allograft rejection.Research found that immune cells appeared in iris and ciliary body when rejection occurred,but the relationship between these immune cells and allograft rejection is unclear Objective This study was to evaluate the relationship between diversity of vascular permeability in the iris and ciliary body and allograft rejection after penetrating keratoplasty.Methods Seventy clean eight-week-old BALB/c mice were divided into allogeneic corneal transplantation group (60 mice) and blank control group (10 mice).Allogeneic corneal transplantation was performed with the same age of C57BL/6 mice as donor and BALB/c mice as the recipients.The grafts were examined under the slit lamp microscope and scored based on the criteria of Hegde.The mice were sacrificed and iris and ciliary tissue were obtained 5,10 days and rejection after surgery.Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was used respectively to detect the expression diversities of occludin,zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),major histocompatibility complex-Ⅱ (MHC-Ⅱ),and CCR5,CCR7 and their mRNA in iris and ciliary body.Image-J image analysis software was used to calculate the quantity of positive cells on iris wholemount,and absorbance of target genes (A values).The use and care of the experimental animals complied the ARVO Resolution on the Use of Animals in Research.Results The mean survival time of corneal gratts was (17±3) days after operation.The mean score was 0.6 in 5 days and 0.5 in 10 days,and 3.3 in 18 days after operation.Expression of ZO-1 reduced significantly,and that of MMP-9 increased obviously at the time of rejection.MHC Ⅱ + cells were scattered in iris and ciliary body in normal mice,and the number of the positive cells (cells/field) was increased after operation with a peak value when rejection occurred.A significant difference was seen between normal mice and rejection mice (1559.67±350.29 vs.4021.83±495.18) (P=0.000).The expressions of occludin mRNA and ZO-1 mRNA in the iris and ciliary body decreased obviously in the rejection mice.Compared with normal mice,theA value of ZO-1 and occluding were 36.74±3.13 vs.110.11±11.88 and 57.54±3.41 vs.59.90±3.50respectively,with significant differences between them (all P＜0.05).The expressions of MMP-9 mRNA,CCR5 mRNA and CCR7 mRNA in the iris and ciliary body increased gradually with the time lapse after operation and peaked when the rejection appeared.The A value of MMP-9 mRNA,CCR5 mRNA and CCR7 mRNA were significantly higher than those of normal mice (20.29±1.19 vs.2.77±0.85 for MMP-9 mRNA; 35.43±2.56 vs.9.11±0.29 for CCR5 mRNA,and 60.83±0.87 vs.0.89 ±0.95 for CCR7 mRNA) respectively (all P＜0.05).Conclusions The permeability of vascules in the iris and ciliary body increase during the allograft rejection after penetrating keratoplasty.Increased antigen presenting cells were also detected.

Miscanthus sinensis Anderss is a perennial C4-grass. It is a promising bioenergy plant, which has been proposed as general feedstock for biomass and lignocellulosic biofuel production. In this study, the flower and leaf buds transcriptomes of Miscanthus sinensis Anderss were sequenced by the platform of Illumina HiSeq 2000. In total 98 326 Unigenes were generated by de novo assembly with an average length of 822 bp and N50 of 1 023 bp. Based on the NR, NT, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, GO and COG databases (Evalue < le-5), 74 134 (75.40%) Unigenes were annotated. A total of 45 507 Unigenes were mapped into different GO terms. In KEGG pathways identification, 36 710 sequences were assigned to 128 KEGG pathways. Sorghum bicolor (37 731, 60.86%), Zea mays (16 258, 26.22%), and Oryza sativa (3 065, 4.94%) showed high similarity to Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. And 24 photosynthesis-related enzyme genes were identified. The result provides a foundation for further characterizing the functional genes in Miscanthus sinensis Anderss.
Biofuels ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Plant ; Poaceae ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Plant ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Transcriptome

Objective To investigate the effects of Saussurea involucrate by cell culture on increasing the calcium content and bone density after 90 days feed in ovariectomized rats. Methods Osteoporosis model rats were induced by ovariectomy, treated with 16.7、33.3、100 mg/(kg?d)cell culture of Saussurea involucrate for 90 days. Body weight was observed, calcium content was measured through atomic absorption method and the bone density was detected by bone sonometers. Results cell culture of Saussurea involucrate(16.7、33.3、100 mg/kg)can increase the calcium content[(380.1 ± 1.9)mg/g、(370.7 ± 1.1)mg/g、(363.5 ± 2.4)mg/g] significantly(P<0.01)than the model group; increase distal femoral bone mineral density[(0.041 ± 0.017)g/cm2、(0.042±0.023)g/cm2、(0.040±0.008)g/cm2] significantly(P<0.01 or 0.05) than the model group(0.022±0.014)g/cm2; and also increase the middle femoral bone mineral density, the low-dose group (0.305±0.030)g/cm2 significantly (P<0.05) than the model group(0.259±0.061)g/cm2. Conclusion The cell culture of Saussurea involucrate has the effect of increasing the bone density.

Objective To observe and compare the effects of 4 kinds of different processed products of Radix Rehmanniae (RR) Preparata on the phenomenon of bored of growing stomach in rats.Methods Four kinds of different processed products of prepared RR were selected and named as following:Shudihuang-A (steamed RR);Shudihuang-B (stewed with wine RR Preparata and RR);Shudihuang-C (nine steamed nine sun Shudihuang RR Preparata);Shudihuang-D[RR nine steamed nine sun (Que Sharen)].The Shudihuang decoction in A,B,C,D groups were preparation.SD rats were intragastrically administrated for 14 d after fasting 24 h with carbon semisolid paste each 0.5 g by gavage.After 30 min,the gastrin in serum,plasma motilin and content of substance P were determined by ELISA.After blood collection,the abdominal cavity was exposed,and the gastric net weight was calculated.Results The residual rate of gastric contents in rats of blank group was (3.18 ±0.22)％,the residual rate of gastric contents in rats of Shudihuang-A,-B,-C,-D groups were (3.78 ±0.27)％,(1.90 ±0.16)％,(2.40 ± 0.78) ％,(2.65 ± 0.67) ％ respectively with significance (P ＜ 0.05 in A-group,P ＜ 0.01 in B,-C,-D groups).Compared with A-group,the difference in B-group with significance(P ＜0.01).The content of gastrin in blank group was (146.19 ± 123.51) pg · mL-1,the content of gastrin in rats of Shudihuang-A,-B,-C,-D groups were (131.50 ±59.94),(151.97 ± 120.49),(233.46 ± 15.99),(179.18 ±36.02) pg · mL-1 respectively with significance(P ＜ 0.05 in Shudihuang-A group,P ＜ 0.01 in Shudihuang-C,-D groups).Compared with C-group,the difference in D-,A-,B-groups with significance(all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with A-group,the difference in B-group with significance (P ＜ 0.01).The plasma motilin content in rats of blank group was (84.14 ± 125.93)pg · mL-1,the plasma motilin content in rats of Shudihuang-A,-B,-C,-D groups were (81.91 ± 313.77),(87.30 ± 67.10),(188.68 ± 32.59),(170.08 ± 83.08) pg · mL-1 respectively with significance(all P ＞ 0.05 Shudihuang-A,-B groups;all P ＜ 0.01 in Shudihuang-C,-D groups).Compared with C-group,the difference in D-,A-,B-groups with significance(all P ＜0.01).The substance P content ofin rats of blank group was (19.82 ± 13.87) pg · mL-1,the substance P content of in rats of Shudihuang-A,-B,-C,-D groups were (13.38 ±6.47),(23.01 ±10.41),(37.46±0.44),(29.93±7.77) pg· mL-1 with significance(P ＜ 0.05 in Shudihuang-A group with decreased while Shudihuang-B,-D groups with increased;P ＜ 0.01 in Shudihuang-C group with increased).Compared with C-group,the difference in D-,A-,B-groups with significance (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The bored of growing stomach phenomenon caused by steamed Shudihuang is most serious in rats.The nine steamed nine sun Shudihuang can effectively eliminate greasy effect in rats by increasing the contents of gastrin,motilin,substance P and reducing the residual of gastric contents in rate.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjuvant interferon (IFN) therapy for viral hepatitis related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) after the treatment of resection, ablation or TACE.

METHODSPUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, Wan fang Data were searched, plus some manual search and searching on the internet for grey literature. The studies that according to the standards were included, then Meta-analysis were done.

RESULTSEight studies (n=857, 442 treated with IFN) were eligible for this study, pooled data showed benefit of IFN for the prevention of HCC recurrence, 1-year [RR=0.71, 95% CI (0.51, 0.99)], 3-year [RR=0.86, 95% CI (0.76-0.98)], 4-year [RR=0.79, 95% CI (0.68-0.91)]. IFN showed benefit for improving 1-year and 2-year survival, 1-year [RR=1.09, 95% CI (1.01-1.18)], 2-year [RR=1.25, 95% CI (1.04-1.50)]. The difference on 2-year, 5-year recurrence rate are without statistical significance, the same to 3-year, 4-year, 5-year survival rate.

CONCLUSIONIFN therapy after the treatment of resection, ablation or TACE can probably reduce HCC recurrence rate and improve survival with acceptable toxicities.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Interferons ; therapeutic use ; Liver Neoplasms ; therapy ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; prevention & control ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Genotype ; Hemoglobins, Abnormal ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Phenotype ; Young Adult ; beta-Thalassemia ; blood ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of Qilin Pills combined with clomiphene on idiopathic oligoasthenospermia.

METHODSWe randomly assigned 300 patients with idiopathic oligoasthenospermia to a trial (n = 156) and a control group (n = 144) to be treated with Qilin Pills (6 g, tid) combined with clomiphene (50 mg, qd) and clomiphene alone (50 mg, qd), respectively, both for a course of 12 weeks. Before and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of medication, we determined sperm concentration, the percentages of grade a and grade a + b sperm, sperm motility, and the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T), followed by evaluation of the clinical efficacy of Qilin Pills with the pregnancy rate in the patients' spouses as the secondaty therapeutic indexes.

RESULTSCompared with the baseline, both groups of patients showed remarkably improved semen parameters and hormone levels after treatment (all P < 0.01). After 4, 8, and 12 weeks of medication, statistically significant differences were observed between the trial and control groups in sperm concentration ([17.06 ± 2.24] vs [15.07 ± 2.48], [22.10 ± 2.65] vs [18.11 ± 2.97], and [28.13 ± 3.59] vs [21.21 ± 3.60] x 10(6)/mL, P < 0.01), the percentage of grade a sperm ([15.03 ± 2.39] vs [13.08 ± 2.51], [21.08 ± 3.16] vs [16.04 ± 3.05], and [28.08 ± 4.70] vs [20.14 ± 4.74]%, P < 0.01), the percentage of grade a + b sperm ([30.10 ± 5.07] vs [26.21 ± 3.96], [38.08 ± 5.64] vs [30.07 ± 4.80], and [48.04 ± 6.49] vs [35.28 ± 4.77]%, P < 0.01), sperm motility ([42.04 ± 4.86] vs [40.29 ± 4.19], [52.05 ± 5.58] vs [48.03 ± 4.40], and [65.03 ± 5.13] vs [56.67 ± 4.99]%), the FSH level ([7.75 ± 1.38] vs [7.20 ± 1.17], [10.83 ± 1.23] vs [9.10 ± 1.32], and [14.22 ± 0.84] vs [12.06 ± 1.45] IU/L, P < 0.01), the LH level ([10.05 ± 1.68] vs [9.18 ± 1.54], [13.96 ± 1.68] vs [11.99 ± 1.71], and [19.01 ± 2.42] vs [15.86 ± 2.08] IU/L, P < 0.01) and the T level ([19.19 ± 192] vs [18.34 ± 1.79] [21.06 ± 1.63] vs [20.06 ± 1.56], and [24.63 ± 1.06] vs [22.03 ± 1.49] nmol/L, P < 0.01). The pregnancy rate in the patients' spouses was significantly higher in the trial than in the control group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks (1.92 vs 0.69, 4.81 vs 3.47, and 11.54 vs 8.33%, P < 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in drug tolerance between the two groups (P > 0.05). No obvious adverse reactions were observed.

CONCLUSIONQilin Pills combined with clomiphene can evidently improve the seminal quality and hormone level of oligoasthenospermia patients with no obvious adverse events. However, its long-term efficacy and tolerance deserve further clinical investigation.

Asthenozoospermia ; blood ; drug therapy ; Clomiphene ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fertility Agents ; therapeutic use ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Semen ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa ; Testosterone ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate drug resistance, genotype and serotype of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) naive patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

METHODSFull-length reverse transcriptase region of HBV DNA was amplified by semi-nested polymerase chain reaction from 97 NA-naive CHB patients, and the PCR product was sequenced, and analyzed to screen 11 classical antiviral drug resistance mutation sites and to identify HBV genotypes, subgenotypes and serotypes.

RESULTSWild-type sequences were found at all of the 11 classical antiviral drug resistance mutation sites from all samples. The patients were infected with either genotype B (36.1%, 35/97) or C (63.9%, 62/97) HBV. The former were all belonged to subgenotype B2 strain; while the latter were divided further into subgenotype C2 (91.9%, 57/62), subgenotype C1 (6.5%, 4/62) and unknown subgenotype (1.6%, 1/62). The 71.9% (23/32) of HBV genotype B patients were born in southern China, while 81.6% (40/49) of HBV genotype C patients were from northern China, showing a clear geographic distribution (Chi-square test = 23.19, Probability value less than 0.01). Of 97 CHB patients, 59 (60.8%) were serotype adr associated with genotype C, while 37 (38.1%) were adw related to genotype B (subgenotype B2) (Chi-square test = 87.83, P less than 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe wild-type HBV strains prevail in NA-naive CHB patients, whose HBV genotypes, subgenotypes and serotypes are associated with their places of birth.

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B virus ; classification ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nucleotides ; therapeutic use ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Serotyping ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze the correlation between SF-36 and QOL-35 and the consistency of the two kinds of life-quality questionnaires when evaluating the quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods 781 in-hospital-patients, who underwent coronary angiography from June 2008 to April 2009, were included in this study. Quality of life was measured by the Chinese versions of SF-36 and QOL-35. Demographic and clinical information were collected.Correlation Analysis was done between SF-36 and QOL-35 in the patients with coronary artery disease. Results The total score of SF-36 was 62.63 ± 12.47 and the QOL-35 total score was 62.70 ± 9.69. Data from the simple correlation analysis showed that SF-36 and QOL-35 total scores (r=0.725, P＜0.01 ), SF-36 physical functioning and QOL-35 independent living capacity (r=0.933, P＜0.01), SF-36 mental health and QOL-35 mental health (r=0.132, P＜0.01), SF-36 social function and QOL-35 social function score (r=0.215, P＜0.01 ) were all relevant. Canonical correlation analysis showed that there was significant correlation between SF-36 and QOL-35 (r=0.946, P＜0.01 ). Conclusion SF-36 and QOL-35 were consistent in the evaluation on the quality of life, at the overall level.