OBJECTIVETo investigate the differences in the expressions of E-cadherin and N-cadherin between high-risk prostate cancer and low- and medium-risk prostate cancer, and analyze their correlation with the age, serum PSA level, and Gleason score of the patients.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 42 cases of prostate cancer, which were divided into a low- and medium-risk group (group A, n = 15) and a high-risk group (group B, n = 27). We measured the expressions of E-cadherin and N-cadherin by immunohistochemical staining, compared their differences between the two groups, and analyzed their correlation with the age, serum PSA level, and Gleason score of the patients.

RESULTSImmunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of E-cadherin was significantly higher in group A than in B (6.1 +/- 0.51 vs 4.2 +/- 0.37, P < 0.01), and so was its positive rate (73.3% vs 25.9%, P < 0.05). The positive rate of E-cadherin was also markedly higher in the patients with serum PSA < 20 microg/L than in those with serum PSA > or = 20 microg/L (66.7% vs 29.6%, P < 0.05), and so was it in the patients with the Gleason score 5-7 than in those with 8-10 (60.9% vs 21.1%, P < 0.05). On the contrary, the N-cadherin expression was significantly lower in group A than in B (3.7 +/- 0.32 vs 7.5 +/- 0.58, P < 0.01), and so was its positive rate (13.3% vs 59.3%, P < 0.01). The positive rate of N-cadherin was also remarkably lower in the patients with the Gleason score 5-7 than in those with 8-10 (26.1% vs 63.2%, P < 0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the N-cadherin expression between the patients with serum PSA < 20 microg/L and those with serum PSA > or = 20 microg/L (P > 0.05), nor in the expressions of E-cadherin and N-cadherin between the patients aged > or = 70 years and those aged < 70 years (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe expressions of E-cadherin and N-cadherin are significantly different between high-risk prostate cancer and low- and medium-risk prostate cancer, which suggests that both may correlate with the invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer as well as with the serum PSA level and Gleason score of the patients.

Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies

Cystectomy ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Granular Cell Tumor ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Middle Aged ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Urinary Bladder ; chemistry ; pathology ; surgery ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vaginal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; secondary ; surgery

Objective: To observe the effect of Liuwei Dihuang decoction on brain development of intrauterine growth retardation rats,and to demonstrate the relationship between brain and kidney in TCM.Methods: Animals were divided into 4 groups at random: normal group,model group,Huangqi(HQ) and Liuwei Dihuang(LD) treated groups.The IUGR model was established by passive smoking.On the 19th day of pregnancy,all rats were killed;the total numbers of embryos,the lively,dead and absorbed embryos were counted.The body and brain weight of lively embryos were scaled respectively,then microstructure and apoptosis in brain were observed.Results: Passive smoking can result in the number of dead and absorbed embryos increases.Compared with normal group,the number of apoptotic cells of model group increased.Compared with model group,in Huangqi and Liuwei Dihuang treated groups,the number of dead and absorbed embryos decreased apparently,body and brain weight increased obviously,the number of apoptotic cells reduced significantly(P

OBJECTIVETo explore the analgesic effect of Zhixin Formula (ZF) and its effects on spinal glial fibrillary acidic protein (glial fibillary acidic protein, GFAP, a marker of astrocyte) , CD11b (a maker of microglia), Toll like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in bone cancer pain model rats.

METHODSTotally 20 male SD rats were randomly divided into the blank control group and the bone cancer pain group, 10 in each group. The bone cancer pain model was induced by injecting ascites tumor fluid containing 3 x 10(3) Walker256 cell line from the left tibia. Ethological tests, X-ray test, and HE staining were performed to confirm a successful modeling. After model was successfully established, 70 male SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups, 10 in each group: the blank control group, the bone cancer pain group (as the model group), the Western medicine (WM) group (Tramadol Hydrochloride), the high dose ZF group, the middle dose ZF group, the low dose ZF group, and the Chinese medicine (CM) group (Wulin Zhitong Capsule). Fourteen days after modeling, rats in the high, middle, and low dose ZF groups were administrated by gastrogavage with 9, 4.5, and 2.25 g/kg ZF water condensed preparation respectively, once a day for seven consecutive days. On day 21 MS typical protein expressions including GFAP, CD11b, TLR (2,4) and NF-κB from cornu dorsal medullae spindis L4-L5 were detected by immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot.

RESULTSCompare with the blank control group, increased weight in the model group was slow and showed a decreasing trend (P < 0.01), spontaneous ambulatory pain score (SAPS) obviously increased (P < 0.01), paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) obviously decreased in the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Results of lateral tibial X-ray and HE staining showed obvious changes and damage occurred in bone structures of rats in the model group. Immunohistochemistry showed that GFAP expression significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.05). Protein levels of NF-κB also significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, CD11b expressions obviously decreased in the middle and high dose ZF groups (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, protein expressions of TLR2 and TLR4, as well as NF-κB also obviously decreased (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONZF had analgesic effect, which might be probably related to inhibiting proliferation and activation of gliocytes, as well as activation of TLRs and NF-κB.

Animals ; Astrocytes ; Bone Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Male ; Microglia ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Osteosarcoma ; Pain ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on kidney injury induced by urinary-derived sepsis. Methods Rabbits were randomly divided into Control group, Sham group, Sepsis group, NaHS 2.8μmol/kg group and NaHS 8.4μmol/kg group. Upper urinary tract obstruction and acute infection was induced to estab-lish Sepsis model. At 24 h before surgery, and 24 h, 48 h, 72 h after surgery, blood was taken to examine white blood cell count (WBC), creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). At 72 h after surgery, morphological changes were observed by HE staining and transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect TNF-α, IL-10 and NF-κB expression. Blood H2S concentration was measured by deproteinization and Cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) activity us-ing spectrophotometric methylene blue method. Results At 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after surgery, Levels of WBC, Cr and BUN were all elevated in Sepsis group compared with the other four groups. Levels of WBC and BUN in NaHS 8.4μmol/kg group were lower than those in NaHS 2.8μmol/kg group. At 24 h, 48 h after surgery, there is no significant difference be-tween levels of Cr in NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg group and that in NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg group , but Cr level in NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg group was marked lower than that in NaHS 2.8μmol/kg group 72 hour after surgery. Pathological features of kidney injury were also alleviated by intravenous administration of NaHS. TNF-α, NF-κB expressions in NaHS 2.8μmol/kg group and NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg group were lower than those in Sepsis group, IL- 10 expression was higher than that in Sepsis group. TNF-α, NF-κB expressions in NaHS 8.4μmol/kg group were lower than that in NaHS 2.8μmol/kg group, whereas IL-10 expression in NaHS 8.4μmol/kg group was higher than that in NaHS 2.8μmol/kg group. Compared with Control group and Sham group, H2S content and CSE expression in kidney were decreased in Sepsis group. After intravenous administration of NaHS, H2S content increased, but the CSE activity has no obvious change. Conclusion Exogenous H2S reduced kidney in-jury induced by urinary-derived sepsis through inhibiting NF-κB, decreasing TNF-αand increasing IL-10.

Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Glioma ; metabolism ; Humans ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Sodium Selenite ; pharmacology

Objective To study X-ray and CT methods of diagnosis of unilateral dislocation of the lower cervical vertebra(C_(3～7)).Methods 15 cases of the injury of unilateral dislocation of the lower cervical vertebra were reviewed from August 2002 to June 2008,X-ray and CT findings were observed.Results Lateral projection of X-ray showed:the anterior displacement of dislocated vertebra was less than 25% in 15 cases,the distance of posterior border of lateral mass of below vertebral body to line of neural scute changed rapidly in 13 cases,sign of "bow tie" of processus articularis superior in 12 cases.Antero-posterior projection showed that spinal process was lateral deviation.Oblique projection showed that intervertebral joints were dislocation or interlocking. CT showed:the "hamburger" sign were destroyed in 7 cases,fracture of unilateral articular process in 8 cases,rotation of vertebral body of dislocation and its superior vertebral body in 13 cases, "double ring" sign in 12 cases.Conclusion The signs of X-ray and CT in combination with the mechanism of injury and clinical situation,the unilateral dislocation of the lower cervical vertebra can be diagnosed accurately.

Objective:To establish the test method for histamine-like substances in pirarubicin. Methods:According to the meth-od described in the appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition), the test for histamine-like substances was carried out. Re-sults:The test for histamine-like substances had no interference under the condition with pirarubicin concentration of 0. 01mg·ml-1 . The established test method for histamine-like substances in pirarubicin was applied in 10 samples, and the results were accordant with those of the test method for depressor substances. Conclusion:The test method for histamine-like substances in pirarubicin is feasible with the limit of 1 μg·mg-1 .

Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Melanoma ; congenital ; surgery ; Skin Neoplasms ; congenital ; surgery

Traditional processes are mostly adopted in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation production and the quality of products is mostly controlled by terminal. Potential problems of the production in the process are unpredictable and is relied on experience in most cases. Therefore, it is hard to find the key points affecting the preparation process and quality control. A pattern of research and development of traditional Chinese medicine preparation process based on the idea of Quality by Design (QbD) was proposed after introducing the latest research achievement. Basic theories of micromeritics and rheology were used to characterize the physical property of TCM raw material. TCM preparation process was designed in a more scientific and rational way by studying the correlation among enhancing physical property of raw material, preparation process and product quality of preparation. So factors affecting the quality of TCM production would be found out and problems that might occur in the pilot process could be predicted. It would be a foundation for the R&D and production of TCM preparation as well as support for the "process control" of TCMIs gradually realized in the future.
Drug Compounding ; methods ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; trends ; Quality Control ; Research ; standards ; trends ; Research Design ; standards ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; standards