Objective To analyse the distribution characteristics of major allergens initiating allergic diseases in children from rural Shanghai. Methods Eight hundred children with allergic diseases from rural Shanghai (rural ease group), 450 children with allergic diseases from urban Shanghai (urban ease group) and 100 healthy children from rural Shanghai (rural normal control group) underwent skin prick tests (SPT), and children of rural case group were subdivided into infant group, preschool age group and school age group according to age. The positive rates of allergens and SPT were compared among groups. Results The positive rate of SPT of rural case group was significantly higher than that of rural normal control group (73.38% vs 26.00%, P<0.05), and was significantly lower than that of urban ease group (73.38% vs 80.22%, P<0.05). Dermatophagoidesfarinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were the major allergens in rural ease group, with the positive rates of 57.88% and 59.13%, respectively. Except weed and rubber, there were significant differences in positive rates of the other allergens between rural ease group and the other two groups(P<0.05). There were significant differences in positive rates of SPT among different age groups of rural children with allergic diseases (P<0.05). Conclusion Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus are the major allergens in children with allergic diseases from rural Shanghai, whose positive rates of SPT are lower than those of children with allergic diseases from urban Shanghai. The positive rate of SPT is related to age to some extent.

Objective: To investigate the effect of protein ki nase C on signal transduction such as tyrosine phosphorylation, c-fos and c-ju n mRNA expression in antigen activated mast cells. Methods: RBL-2H3 cells either untreated or treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13 -acetate (PMA) were sensitized with anti-DNP IgE, and activated with DNP-BSA, histamine release and tyrosine phosphorylation were quantitatively measured by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. The effect of PKC on the ex pression of c-fos and c-jun in serum-deprived RBL-2H3 cells activated by DNP-BSA detected by ethidium staining of PCR-amplified cDNA, the amplified cDNA products were subjected to Southern blot hybridization using specific prob es to determine the veracity of amplification. Results: Tyr osine phosphorylation and histamine release were significantly reduced from (4.4 7±0.03)% to (2.79±0.07)% and (104.47±1.31) nmol/L to (60.75±1.38) nm ol/L, respectively, 45 min after DNP-BSA stimulation in sensitized cells pre treated with PMA for 48 h. Bands of the size predicted for the amplified cDNA we re obtained: 299 bp for c-fos, and 651 bp for c-jun, a decrease of 91% and 82% , respectively, for c-fos and c-jun mRNAs was observed in antigen stimulated c ells pretreated with PMA for 48 h. Conclusion: PKC plays an impo rtant role in modulating the tyrosine phosphorylation and histamine release resp onses and may upregulate the expression of c-fos and c-jun in antigen activate d mast cell.

For purifying recombinant human IL—2 (rhIL—2),the columns of immunoabsorptionwere prepared with 4 anti—IL—2 McAb (9B12,9F5,9B2 and 8H7) purified by caprylic acid.Although 4 McAbs differ as regards their antigen—antibody binding characteristics,all they canserve as effective immnoabsorbents,provided optimum condition was adopted.The recoveryrate of 9B12,9F5,8H7 and 9B2 columns were 49.2%,37.5%,31.5% and 18.8% respec-tively.The purity of rhIL—2 obtained was more than 95% and biological activity remainedhigher.

BACKGROUNDAwake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI) is usually performed in the management of the predicted difficult airway. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of dexmedetomidine with midazolam (DM) and sufentanil with midazolam (SM) for sedation for awake fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation.

METHODSFifty patients with limited mouth opening scheduled for AFOI were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 25 per group) by a computer-generated randomization schedule. All subjects received midazolam 0.02 mg/kg as premedication and airway topical anesthesia with a modified "spray-as-you-go" technique. Group DM received dexmedetomidine at a loading dose of 0.5 μg/kg over 10 min followed by a continuous infusion of 0.25 μg·kg-1·h-1, whereas Group SM received sufentanil at a loading dose of 0.2 μg/kg over 10 min followed by a continuous infusion of 0.1 μg·kg-1·h-1. As necessary, since the end of the administration of the loading dose of the study drug, an additional dose of midazolam 0.5 mg at 2-min intervals was given to achieve a modified Observers' Assessment of Alertness/Sedation of 2-3. The quality of intubation conditions and adverse events were observed.

RESULTSThe scores of ease of the AFOI procedure, patient's reaction during AFOI, coughing severity, tolerance after intubation, recall of the procedure and discomfort during the procedure were comparable in both groups (z = 0.572, 0.664, 1.297, 0.467, 0.895, and 0.188, respectively, P > 0.05). Hypoxic episodes similarly occurred in the two groups, but the first partial pressure of end-tidal CO2after intubation was higher in Group SM than that in Group DM (45.2 ± 4.2 mmHg vs. 42.2 ± 4.3 mmHg, t = 2.495, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBoth dexmedetomidine and sufentanil are effective as an adjuvant for AFOI under airway topical anesthesia combined with midazolam sedation, but respiratory depression is still a potential risk in the sufentanil regimen.

Adult ; Conscious Sedation ; methods ; Dexmedetomidine ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Fiber Optic Technology ; methods ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; methods ; Male ; Midazolam ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Sufentanil ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Wakefulness

Objective: To analyze the current status of anticoagulant therapy for in-hospital patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) at county hospitals of China and to explore the relationship between anticoagulant therapy and clinical outcomes in real medical environment. Methods: 99 county hospitals from15 provinces of China were selected for this prospective registry study and 12373 eligible ACS patients without interventional therapy admitted from 2011-09 to 2014-06 were enrolled. The basic condition, previous history, initial assessment, anticoagulants (unfractionated heparin/low molecular weight heparin) application, severe bleeding events and in-hospital mortality were collected in all patients. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between anticoagulant therapy and clinical outcomes including in-hospital mortality, severe bleeding events and combined endpoints; meanwhile, possible confounders were adjusted. Results: A total of 9985/12373 ACS patients received anticoagulant therapy and 2388 did not. Anticoagulant therapy was conducted in 92.7% (4237/4570) patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 90.8% (1639/1805) with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and 68.5% (4109/5998) with unstable angina (UA); there were differences by regions and genders,P<0.01and no difference by age. Multivariable analysis indicated that anticoagulant therapy decreased the risk of in-hospital mortality in ACS patients at 53% (OR= 0.47, 95% CI 0.36-0.62), such reduction in STEMI patients was at 55% (OR=0.45, 95% CI 0.32-0.64), in NSTEMI patients was at 58% (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.24-0.75); while it had no real effect in UA patients,P>0.05. Meanwhile, it did not increase the risk of severe bleeding events in ACS patients,P>0.05. Conclusion: Anticoagulant therapy has been widely used in STEMI and NSTEMI patients at county hospitals of China and obviously decreased the in-hospital mortality; while the application rate was relatively low in UA patients. The general safety of anticoagulant therapy has been good in ACS patients.

Objective: To study retrovirus (RV)-mediated transduction of gastric carcinoma cells with the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene and the subsequent treatment with ganciclovir(GCV). Methods: The TK gene was transfected into human gastric carcinoma cell line MKN28 using HSV-TK that packed with PA317 cell, the sensitivity of MKN28TK cells to GCV was examined in vitro. Results: The retroviral-mediated HSV-TK gene can be transfected to MKN28 cells. The growth rate of MKN28 cells transfected with HSV-TK gene did not change. MKN28TK cells became significantly sensitive to GCV and had bystander effect. Conclusion: Transfection of gastric carcinoma with HSV-TK has higher transfection efficiency. MKN28TK cells are significantly sensitive to GCV.

Objective: To study retrovirus (RV)-mediated transduction of gastric carcinoma cells with the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene and the subsequent treatment with ganciclovir(GCV). Methods: The TK gene was transfected into human gastric carcinoma cell line MKN28 using HSV-TK that packed with PA317 cell, the sensitivity of MKN28TK cells to GCV was examined in vitro. Results: The retroviral-mediated HSV-TK gene can be transfected to MKN28 cells. The growth rate of MKN28 cells transfected with HSV-TK gene did not change. MKN28TK cells became significantly sensitive to GCV and had bystander effect. Conclusion: Transfection of gastric carcinoma with HSV-TK has higher transfection efficiency. MKN28TK cells are significantly sensitive to GCV.

Animals ; Heparin ; pharmacology ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Mice ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; genetics

Adult ; Aged ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; HLA-DQ Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DQ beta-Chains ; HLA-DR Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; genetics ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVESTo establish a primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) model by AMAM2 autoantigen injection into C57BL/6 mice.

METHODSMice of the model group were immunized intraperitonealy with 200 microl of purified recombinant AMAM2 autoantigen in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Mice immunized with bovine serum albumin and CFA in the same way were used as negative controls. Sixty-six weeks later, mice were sacrificed and their sera were collected. Sera samples were assayed for AMAM2 autoantibody, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ALT and total bilirubin (TBil). Their liver, stomach, muscle and kidney tissues were sectioned and stained using HE to observe the pathological changes.

RESULTSAntibodies to AMAM2 autoantigen were readily induced in the model group. The mice in the model group had no significant changes in the level of serum ALT and TBil but had an obvious increase of ALP (P<0.05). The stomach, muscle and kidney tissues showed no evident damage while the livers had obvious pathological changes, including bile duct degeneration or proliferation, and mononuclear cell infiltration.

CONCLUSIONThe AMAM2 autoantigen-induced PBC animal model was successfully established in C57BL/6 mice in our experiment and its characteristic biochemical and pathology are quite similar to that in the early stage of human PBC. This model may provide a useful experimental approach for further study of the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of human PBC.

Animals ; Autoantigens ; immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; etiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitochondria ; immunology