Objective To study the feature of MRI in ureter transitional cell carcinoma,to evaluate the diagnostic value in transitional cell carcinoma of ureter with MRI.Methods Heavily T_2-weighted fast spin echo pulse sequence,fat suppression pulse and MR urography(MRU)were performed.The MRI finding of the ureter transitional cell carcinoma were anlysed in 32 cases and were discssed with the review of literature.Results Fifteen lesions were located at the upper portionof the ureter,7 at mid portion and 10 at lower portion.Each case presented urinary obstruction,distention and uretal hydrocele.21 retrograde urleropyelogrhpy of nodular shaperal irregular,11 irregular the ureteral wall,10 dilate the ureter in 21 cases,11 infitrative lesion to grow in location,9 lymphanode to enlarge in surrounding of major arterial of abdominal and renal out in 11 cases.17—72 mm length the lesion,39 mm average,6—50 mm width the leion,17 mm average.Hypointense on T_1 WI and hyperintense on T_2 WI image in 23 cases,hyperintense on both T_1 WI and T_2 WI image in 5 cases,hypointense on T_1 WI and isointense on T_2 WI image in 2 case, slightly hypointense on both T_1 WI and T_2 WI images in 2 case.Ninteen homogeneous and 13 non homogeneous of signal in lesion,22 reliable and 5 suspicious diagnosis and 5 misdiagnosis in MRI. Conclusion The location,the shape,the spectrum of the tumor and change of surrounding tiessue were clear cuted in MRI,but further research in confirmation of the diagnosis.

OBJECTIVETo explore the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (flt-1 and flk-1) in the retina of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and its relation to the alteration of retinal blood vessels.

METHODSEighty-six newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into hyperoxia and air groups, then each group was further divided into 1, 3, 7 and 14 days subgroups. The rats in hyperoxia group inhaled 75% oxygen and ROP model was thus set up. These animals were sacrificed respectively after 1, 3, 7 and 14 days, then the retinal endothelial cells were marked by CD34 to observe the change of retinal blood vessels. The expression of VEGF, flt-1 and flk-1 in the retina was measured by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe retinal capillary density index (RCDI) in control group increased as days went on (F = 21.589, P < 0.01, but it was the least on the 7th day in hyperoxia group, after the rats had been returned to air for 7 days, RCDI increased significantly (F = 67.885, P < 0.01); In the control group, the expression of VEGF and flk-1 was the strongest in the retina on the 7th day, the result had significant difference as compared with the 1st and 14th day (P < 0.05). The expression of VEGF and flk-1 on the 7th day in hyperoxia group was weaker than that of control group (P < 0.05). But on the 14th day in hyperoxia group, they were stronger than that of control (P < 0.05). The localization of the expression of flt-1 was changed when blood vessels altered, but there was no significant difference in expression intensity as a whole (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONWhen the premature retina was exposed to hyperoxia, the expression of VEGF and flk-1 was reduced, and retinal blood vessels were also decreased; but the expression of VEGF and flk-1 was stronger in retina when premature rats were exposed to relative hypoxia, and the retinal blood vessels also increased significantly. It is concluded that VEGF and flk-1 may play important roles in the development of retinal blood vessels and its change in ROP. However, flt-1 has less effect compared with flk-1.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Hypoxia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ; analysis ; Retina ; chemistry ; pathology ; Retinal Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the genotypes of hepatitis B virus and the clinical and liver pathological features of patients with chronic hepatitis in the Zhoushan Islands.

METHODSOne hundred eighty HBV DNA positive chronic hepatitis patients with HBV markers were enrolled in this study. They were at least second generation Zhoushan Island residents. One hundred forty-seven of them were males and 33 were females with an average age of 39.0+/-11.3. Among the 180 patients, 17 had ASC, 57 had mild CHB, 48 moderate CHB, 9 severe CHB, 6 SHB, 39 LC, and 4 had HCC. The genotypes of their serum HBV were detected by using PCR integrated with Tagman MGB probe technology, and their serum HBV markers, HBV DNA and liver functions were also examined. Out of 180 patients, 129 accepted a liver biopsy. A pathological evaluation was then performed.

RESULTSHBVs of genotype C, 135 cases (75.0%), of B, 40 cases (22.2%), and of B+C, 5 cases (2.8%) were found among these 180 patients. No genotype A or D HBV were found. The proportions of genotype C virus were 7/17, 86/114, 34/39, 6/6 in ASC, CHB, LC and SHB patients. In the hepatocellular carcinoma patients, there were 2 each of genotype B and C. Among the 99 patients with genotype C HBV, 84 cases (84.8%) showed moderate and severe inflammation histologically in their livers and among the 30 patients with B, 7 cases (23.3%) showed moderate to severe inflammation in their livers (z = 6.47, P less than 0.01). The proportion of genotype C HBV was significantly different from that of genotype B HBV in those that showed moderate and severe (S3-4) liver fibrosis. In patients infected with genotype C HBV who had moderate and severe liver pathological changes, their clinical manifestations reflected better the histological alterations of their livers.

CONCLUSIONGenotypes C, B and B+C HBV were found in CHB patients in the Zhoushan Islands of China, and type C was the predominant one. The liver pathological damage level of genotype C HBV infected patients is more serious than that of genotype B.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Female ; Genome, Viral ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B virus ; classification ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective:HPLC for the determination of five components in Descurainiae Semen was established to investigate the change rule of contents of five components in the herb before and after being processed. Method:The contents of quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucose-7-O-β-D-gentiobioside(QGG),sinapic acid,quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(QG),isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(IG) and 1,2-di-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucopyranose(SG) was determined simultaneously by HPLC,the change rule of contents of these components before and after processing and its reasons were analyzed.Waters Symmetry^® C₁₈ column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) was employed,and the mobile phase was acetonitrile(A)-1% acetic acid aqueous solution(B) for gradient elution(0-5 min,5%-10%A;5-15 min,10%-13%A;15-23 min,13%-20%A;23-43 min,20%-25%A;43-46 min,25%A;46-55 min,25%-40%A;55-60 min,40%A).The flow rate was 1 mL·min^-1.The detection wavelength was set at 265 nm,the injection volume was 10 μL,and the column temperature was 30℃. Result:Contents of the above five components before processing were 0.114 3%,0.041 6%,0.036 2%,0.022 6% and 0.097 6%;after processing,the contents of these five components turn into 0.107 4%,0.011 3%,0.034 2%,0.021 9% and 0.058 9%;among them,the contents of these five components decreased by 6.04%,72.84%,5.52%,3.10% and 39.65%,respectively. Conclusion:The contents of these five components in Descurainiae Semen is reduced to varying degrees after processing.The contents of phenylpropanoids decrease significantly,while the contents of flavonoid glycosides do not change significantly.

A new flavonoid glycoside, named complanatoside C (1), and 19 known compounds (2-20) were isolated from an 95% ethanol extract of Astragali Semen by various chromatographic methods. Their structures were identified on the basis of UV, IR, NMR, MS spectroscopic data analysis, and comparison with those in literature, including fifteen flavonoid glycoside (1-15), and six other constituents (16-20), among which compounds 16-19 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

References and our previous experiment showed that the contents of glycosides were significantly decreased，while the contents of aglycones were significantly increased after processing of Cassiae Semen.It may be related to its glycosidases or the heating process. In order to investigate the reasons, high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) was used to study the effects of these two factors on contents of Cassiae Semen's main chemical components in processing. The results showed that glycoside hydrolases was present in Cassiae Semen and could rapidly hydrolyze glycosides from Cassiae Semen into aglycones in suitable temperature with sufficient water.However，it didn't show effect on contents change of main constituents in the procedure of Cassiae Semen processing.The reason for content decrease of glycosides and content increase of aglycones in processed Cassiae Semen was glycoside bond cracking to produce corresponding aglycone at high temperature.This study further provides basis for further revealing of the processing mechanism of Cassiae Semen.

Objective: Taking electronic-eye (visual analyzer) technique,based on the powder color of Andrographis Herba,to investigate the applicability of electronic-eye technique and evaluate the quality of Andrographis Herba with different commercial specifications. Method: HPLC was employed to determine contents of andrographolide,dehydroandrographolide,14-deoxyandrographolide,neoandrographolide in 50 batches of Andrographis Herba with different commercial specifications(stems,leaves and aerial parts).Color of these samples were measured by electronic-eye technique.The data were analyzed by principal component analysis(PCA) and Pearson correlation analysis.The ability of electronic-eye to distinguish the different commercial specifications of Andrographis Herba was investigated and the correlation of chroma space system parameters (L^*,a^*,b^*) with active components was investigated. Result: There was remarkable difference in contents of 4 diterpenoids in Andrographis Herba from different parts,their contents in leaves was the highest,followed by the aerial parts(mixture of stems and leaves),and their contents in stems was the lowest.The results of PCA was divided into two classes,namely the stem part,leaf and aerial parts,indicating that electronic-eye could be used to distinguish the quality of Andrographis Herba.The correlation results showed that there were significant negative correlation(P<0.01) between L^*(lightness value) and the contents of andrographolide,dehydroandrographolide,14-deoxyandrographolide,neoandrographolide and the total content of these 4 components.In addition,L^* of samples that did not conform to the lower limit of determination in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopeia was ≥ 69.5,and the L^* of more than 90% of the samples in accordance with the requirements was <69.5. Conclusion: Electronic-eye technique provides a new method and idea for the quality evaluation of Andrographis Herba.