Objective To investigate the effects of children's mentality on mental symptoms during recovery period of ketamine anesthesia. Methods According to the mentality, forty-five children undergoing smalminor surgery were assigned into active group, stable group and fretful group with 15 cases each. Child was anaesthetized by ketamine alone. RP, BP, HR and SpO_2 were recorded at the end of operation, 5,10 and 30 min after operation. Meanwhile the expression, feeling, behavior, talking and activity were observed. Results RR, BP, HR in active group and fretful group were significantly higher than those in stable group. There was a significant difference in the expression, feeling, behavior, talking and activity among three groups. Conclusion Children's mentality has a significant effect on mental symptoms and hemodynamics during recovery period of ketamine anesthesia.

Objective To explore the characteristics of temporal distribution and epidemic trend of autumn-winter type scrub typhus using the time series analysis.Methods Based on the data of scrub typhus collected from Shandong Diseases Reporting Information System from 2006 to 2011,both spectral analysis and moving average analysis were used to analyze the annual data of scrub typhus while scrub typhus incidence in 2012-2014 was forecasted.Seasonal decomposition analysis was applied to analyze the monthly data from January of 2006 to October of 2011,followed by Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA) which was constructed to forecast case number in November and December of 2011 and compared to the actual incidence.Results The results of spectral analysis showed that the prevalence of autumn-winter type scrub typhus had a feature of ‘3-year-periodicity’.A long-term up-trend was confirmed by method of moving average analysis,with annually case numbers of 310,337 and another number of 366 forecasted for 2012 to 2014,respectively,with the annual increase rate as 9％ per-year.Data from analysis of monthly data of scrub typhus showed that through multiple seasonal decomposition analysis,the results indicated that the prevalence of this disease possessed a typical autumn-winter type.The seasonality indexes for scrub typhus in October and November were 8.454 and 2.230,respectively,while others were less than 1.000.The ARIMA (0,1,1 ) (0,1,0)12 model of ( 1 -B) ( 1 -B12)X,=( 1 -0.811B)u,that was used to forecast the prevalence of autumn-winter type scrub typhus and was constructed with the residual error of 16 lags as white noise.The Box-Ljung test statistic for the model was 3.116,giving a P value of 0.999.The model fitted the data well.Good accordance was achieved between the observed values and the forecasted values of scrub typhus in November and December of 2011 which was produced by the ARIMA model,and all observed values were within the forecasted 95％ CI.Conclusion The prevalence of autumn-winter type scrub typhus showed a 3-year-periodicity,with a long-term up-trend,and the case numbers of 2012 to 2014 were forecasted,rising on the end with an increasing rate of 9％ per year,which occurred seasonally with October as the peak time in every year.The ARIMA (0,1,1 ) (0,1,0) 12 model seemed to be quite appropriate in predicting the autumn-winter type scrub typhus.

Objective To compare the curative effect of high ligation+exfoliation and subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery(SEPS)for superficial varicose veins in calf+invagination spot-striping surgery in great venous varicosity.Methods Study group(42 patients)accepted SEPS+invagination spot-striping surgery and control group (42 patients)accepted traditional surgeries.Operation duration,bleeding volume in operation,the time of beginning movement away from bed after operation,hospitalization duration,the degree of pain,the scar,the recrudescence af- ter operation and the instance of the ulcer heals of two groups were compared.Results Operation duration,bleeding volume in operation,the time of begin movement away from bed after operation and hospitalization durations of study group were significantly lower than those of control group(P0.05).All of the patients in study group recovered without severe syndromes such as venous thrombosis,skin necrosis,lower limb functional disorder etc.They had no recrudesce after 4～16 months and were satisfied with the curative effect.Con- elusions The clinical curative effect of SEPS+invagination spot-striping surgery in great venous varicosity is superi- or to that of traditional operation and it has the advantages such as minor wound,few scars,light pains,short hospi- talization duration,without recrudescence,the ulcer heals quickly and so on.

Objective To determine the variation of bone mineral density(BMD)and bone mineral content (BMC)in cadaveric lumbar vertebrae and investigate their significance in determining fracture modes and biomecha- nical properties.Methods The lumbar motion segments of the spines of 19 cadavers(mean age:56 years)were compressed to failure.The BMD and BMC of the cranial and caudal endplates were determined,along with the BMD and BMC of the upper and lower 1/3 transverse sub-endplate layers and the middle 1/3 transverse layer.The anteri- or,middle and posterior 1/3 vertical parts,anterior and posterior 1/2 vertical parts and the whole BMD and BMC were measured by using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry as well.All the data were analyzed statistically.Results Among the 19 segments,macrography after dissection revealed that 16 had been fractured,about 84.2%.The frac- ture always occurred in the centre or in the anterior part of the endplate.Within a vertebral body,the BMD and BMC of the cranial endplate were less than those of the caudal endplate,and the cranial 1/3 transverse layer and middle layer had lower BMD and BMC readings than the caudal layer.For the vertical region,from the anterior 1/3 to the posterior 1/3,or from the anterior 1/2 to the posterior 1/2,the BMD and BMC increased.For the endplate around the disc,the BMD of upper endplate was higher than that of the lower one,but the BMCs were equal.In one motion segment,the failure load correlated positively with BMD,and with the BMC of the endplate and the sub-endplate bone.Conclusion The variations in BMD and BMC within a vertebra and around a disc can explain why vertebral fractures are concentrated on the upper endplate,and why compressive fractures are always wedge-shaped.This un- derstanding can assist in the placement of inter-vertebral spacers.

To investigate the epidemic and evolutionary trends of enterovirus (EV) in the external environment of Yunnan Province, China, molecular typing was performed on 4 EV strains that were isolated from environmental sewage in Yunnan. The VP1 region of isolates was amplified by RT-PCR using universal enterovirus primers, and the amplified VP1 region was sequenced for GenBank BLAST search and genotype analysis. The 4 EV strains were identified as ECHO7. Their nucleotide and amino acid homologies with the VP1 sequences of 68 ECHO7 strains retrieved from GenBank were measured by Mega software analysis. Our findings showed that ECHO7 strains from environmental sewage and population samples were in different evolutionary branches. These strains showed typical geographical and temporal differences; In addition, there were different transmission chains at the same time and in the same area. ECHO7 strains isolated from sewage water and patients with acute flaccid paralysis during the same period in Yunnan belonged to different clusters and evolved at different speeds. Special concerns are needed for this problem. Continuous molecular biological surveillance of human EV in the external environment of Yunnan will provide strong support for early warning of EV diseases.
China ; Databases, Genetic ; Enterovirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Sequence Analysis ; Sewage ; virology

Objective To explore the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on ?-aminobutyric acid B receptor (GABA_BR) subunits during recurrent febrile seizures (FS).Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats aged 21 days were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (37.0 ℃ water,n=8), FS group (45.2 ℃ water,n=8), FS + SNP group (45.2 ℃ water,n=8), FS+L-NMMA group (45.2 ℃ water,n=8). FS rats were induced 10 times in a warm-water bath, once every 2 days. The plasma level of NO was detected by the spectrophotometer. The expressions of GABA_BR subunit mRNA and c-fos gene were examined by in situ hybridization. The expressions of GABA_BR subunit and Fos protein were observed by immunohistochemistry. Results The plasma level of NO increased in FS + SNP group while decreased in FS+L-NMMA group compared with that in FS group. The expressions of GABA_BR_2 were down-regulated in FS+SNP group, while GABA_BR_1 hardly changed compared with those in FS group. In FS+L-NMMA group, both the expression of GABA_BR_2 and GABA_BR_1 up regulated compared with those in FS group. The expressions of c-fos gene and Fos protein were significantly enhanced after recurrent FS. SNP elevated the expressions of c-fos gene and Fos protein, while L-NMMA down regulated the expressions of them.Conclusion NO may play a regulatory role through modulating GABA_BR function in the pathogenesis of recurrent FS.

Objective To explore the influence of ?-aminobutyric acid B receptor(GABA_BR)on carbon monoxide (CO)/heme oxygenase(HO-1)system during recurrent febrile seizures (FS).Methods Sprague-Dawley rats aged 21 days were randomly divi- ded into 4 groups:control group and FS group,FS+baclofen group,FS+phaclofen group.FS in rats were induced 10 times in a bath of warm water, once every 2 days.The plasma level of CO was detected by the dual wave lengh spectrophotometer;the expressions of GABA_BR and HO-1 mRNA were examined by insitu hybridization;the expressions of GABA_BR and HO-1 protein were observed by immunohistochemistry.Results The plasma level of CO increased in FS+baclofen group,while decreased in FS+phaclofen group compared with FS group.The expressions of GABA_BR and HO-1 upregulated in FS+baclofen group,while decreased in FS+phaclofen group compared with FS group.There were significant difference (All P

OBJECTIVETo explore the epidemic features of scrub typhus between year 2006 and 2010 in Shandong Province.

METHODSBased on the data collected through Diseases Reporting Information System between year 2006 and 2010 in Shandong province, 1291 cases of scrub typhus were selected. The study described the population distribution features of the scrub typhus patients, and explored the temporal and spatial distribution features of the disease by applying the methods of spatial thematic mapping, inverse distance weighted, spatial autocorrelation analysis, spatial clustering analysis, temporal clustering analysis and spatial variation analysis in temporal trends based on Geographic Information software (ArcGIS 9.3) and Spatial Clustering Software (SatScan 7.0).

RESULTSThe onset age of the 1291 patients ranged between 1 and 92 years old.639 out of 1291 patients were over 55 years old, accounting for 49.5%.640 patients were male and the other 651 patients were female, occupying 49.6% and 50.4% respectively. The gender ratio was 1:1.02. Patients were found in farmers, workers, students and preschool children. However, most of the cases were farmers, up to 84.8% (1095/1291). Global Moran's I index was 0.324 (P < 0.01). The local Moran's I index in 8 locations were proved to have statistical significance (P < 0.01); all of which were H-H clustering areas. Gangcheng (38 cases), Laicheng (154 cases), Xintai (160 cases) and Donggang (105 cases) were important locations, whose local Moran's I index were 2.111, 1.642, 1.277 and 0.775 respectively. The clustering period of scrub typhus in respective year were as follows: 2006.09.23 - 2006.11.20 (202 cases), 2007.10.02 - 2007.11.11 (197 cases), 2008.09.30 - 2008.11.07 (302 cases), 2009.09.25 - 2009.11.10 (204 cases), and 2010.10.05 - 2010.11.13 (226 cases), whose RR values were separately 45.55, 34.60, 50.64, 53.09 and 79.84 (P < 0.01). Two spatial clustering area were found in the study, one was the area centered Taian and Xintai with radiation radius at 58.28 km (542 cases) and the other one was the area centered Rizhao and Donggang with radiation radius at 22.68 km (134 cases), whose RR values were 4.52 and 3.96 (P < 0.01). The spatial features of the two clustering areas were inland low hills area and coastal hills area. The highest annual growth rate of the disease was 45.04%, found in the area centered Linyi and Mengyin counties, with the radiation radius at 45.82 km. The RR value was 3.68 (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe majority of the scrub typhus patients were middle-aged and elderly farmers. The epidemic peak was between the last 10 days of September and the first 10 days of November. A positive spatial correlation of the disease was found; and most cases clustered in inland low hills area and costal hills area; especially the area around Linyi and Mengyin, with the highest annual growth rates of the disease.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cluster Analysis ; Female ; Geography ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orientia tsutsugamushi ; Scrub Typhus ; epidemiology ; Seasons ; Spatial Analysis ; Young Adult

Objective To determine the effect of mitochondria on the protection of heat-shock proteins B1(HSPB1) from oxidative damage in rat cardiac cell.Methods HSPB1 gene-transfected rat cardiomyocytes cell line H9c2 (HSPB1 H9c2) and empty vector transfected H9c2 (control) were established,and treated by 0-1000?mol/L H_2O_2 for 2h.And then the cell morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential and endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected. Results (1)HSPB1 inhibited the morphological changes induced by H_2O_2 markedly.(2)HSPB1 inhibited the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential induced by H_2O_2.Following the stimulation of 0,75,150,300,500,1000?mol/L H_2O_2,mitochondrial membrane potential in HSPB1 and control H9c2 cells were (10.0?0.11)vs (7.01?0.26),(9.11?0.17)vs (6.05?0.19),(7.69?0.28)vs (5.14?0.28),(6.95?0.13)vs (4.66?0.11),(6.61?0.20)vs (1.85?0.35),(6.60?0.05)vs (1.19?0.01),respectively (all P0.05).Conclusions HSPB1 protects rat cardiomyocytes cell line(H9c2) from oxidative damage,which suggests that stabilization of mitochondrial membrane potential and the decreased endogenous reactive oxygen species after oxidative stress may be involved in the protection of HSPB1 against oxidative stress in H9c2.

By the bioactivity technology of Low-Temperature Preparation of Anatase and Rutile Layers on porous Titanium Substrates, CPTi(Commercially pure titanium Phi4.0 mm x 20 mm) was processed and treated as experiment specimens while CPTi was treated as control specimens. Experiment specimens and control specimens were implanted into the holes (4.0 mm in diameter) in rabbit's right and left tibias respectively. After implantation for predetermined periods of 4,8,12, 16 weeks, the specimens were taken out with bone tissues, and were examined by a press-out tester to evaluate the shearing force between the implant and the bone tissue. It is found that the shearing force between the experiment specimen and the bone is more significantly higher than that between the control specimen and the bone, and the bonding time is shorter, the stabilization time is faster. This study has laid down a good foundation for the titanium metal's innovative applications in clinical orthopaedics.
Animals ; Bone Substitutes ; chemistry ; Bone and Bones ; Cold Temperature ; Crystallization ; Materials Testing ; Orthopedic Fixation Devices ; Prostheses and Implants ; Rabbits ; Tibia ; Titanium ; chemistry