To investigate the role of volatile components in the compound and to find the substance foundation of Gualou Guizhi decoction (GLGZD) for curing extremities spasticity after stroke. The chemical compositions of essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation from Gualou Guizhi decoction and its major constituting herbs (Trichosanthis Radix, Paeoniae Alba Radix, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus) were analyzed by GC-MS to evaluate the correlativity between volatile components of GLGZD and its major constituting herbs, and volatile components after oral administration of GLGZD in the rats' brain. Volatile components of GLGZD are mainly derived from Cinnamomi Ramulus, Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma, Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus, Trichosanthis Radix. The volatile components in the brain is mostly derived from radix trichosanthis. Compared with individual herbs of GLGZD, the dissolution of the components increase or new components appear after compatibility of six herbs. Adminstrated with GLGZD, the results point out that volatile components in the brain play a neuroprotective role through passing the brain.
Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Volatile Organic Compounds ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the therapeutic method of metabolic acidosis in long-term sur- vival patients undergoing simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation.Methods A 45-year-old fe- male patient,who had undergone simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation(due to diabetic ne- phropathy and uremia)with bladder drainage 2 years before,developed severe metabolic acidosis,and thus underwent surgical conversion from bladder to ileal drainage.The procedure was as follows.The stoma of duo- denocystostomy was isolated and resected.The site of cystostomy was closed in two layers.The graft duode- num was then anastomosed to a loop of the recipient's ileum,which was proximal 40 cm from the ileocecum in a side-to-side manner.Results The metabolic acidosis resolved postoperatively.The patient received conventional immunosuppressants.The hospital stay was 30d.Follow-up of 4 years showed normal pancreas and kidney functions.Conclusions Conversion from bladder to ileal drainage is safe and effective for metabolic acidosis related to the exocrine secretions of bladder drained pancreas graft in simultaneous pancre- as and kidney transplant recipients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the neuroprotective effect and possible mechanisms of lute-olin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide (LGU) against focalcerebral ischemic injury. METHODS The focal cerebral ischemic injury model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group,model group(MCAO),LGU group(0.24,0.72 and 2.16 mg·kg-1)and positive control group(Edaravone at 5 mg·kg-1).LGU was injected intravenously 30 min after MCAO.Neurological severity score,infarct volume and brain water content were detected 24 h after MCAO and the levels of Na+-K+ATPase,Ca2+ATPase,TNF-α and IL-1β were detected to explore the possible mechanisms.For the therapeutic time window test,LGU(0.72 mg·kg-1)was injected intrave-nously 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 h respectively after MCAO. To evaluate motion behavior, LGU were injected intravenously 30 min after MCAO and once per day during detection period. The changes of motor coordination were detected by rotating rod method and grip strength analysis, and the changes of gaits were detected using DigiGait Imaging System. RESULTS LGU improved the neurological severity score, infarct volume ratio and brain water content. The therapeutic time window of LGU for cerebral infarction and brain edema was at least 6 h and for neurological dysfunction was 12 h.LGU also prolonged the latency on rotarod, increased the forelimb tension and improved 8 gait parameters, including stance duration,stride length,stance width,paw area,paw area variability,gait symmetry,ataxia coefficient and tau propulsion.Furthermore,LGU increased Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase levels in the cortex and hippocampus in the ischemic side,reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the serum. CONCLUSION LGU has a significant neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemic injury via improving energy metabolism and reducing inflammation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect and mechanisms of luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucuronide (LGU) on oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced H9C2 cardiomyocytes injury. METH-ODS The protective effect of LGU on OGD-induced H9C2 cardiomyocytes death were investigated by MTT assay. The microfilament change of H9C2 cardiomyocytes was detected by phalloidin staining and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage rate was also detected by LDH kit. In order to explore the possible mechanisms of LGU, ATP content, intracellular Ca2+fluorescent intensity and concentra-tion, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)and the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins were detected by ATP kit,CLSM(Fluo-3/AM probe),Ca2+kit,CLSM(JC-1 probe)and western blotting meth-od, respectively. RESULTS The inhibition of H9C2 cardiomyocyte survival rate inducedby OGD was improvedby pretreated with LGU in a concentrationdependent manner. The microfilaments injury as well as the increase of LDH leakage rate were also improvedby pretreated with LGU.The ATP content was significantly decreased,intracellular Ca2+fluorescent intensity and concentration were significantly increased and the MMP was significantly decreased 4 hafter OGD. LGU significantly reversed the de-crease of intracellular ATP content,the increase of Ca2+fluorescent intensity and concentration and the decrease of MMP.The release of cytochrome C,the expressionsof caspase-9 and caspase-3 in H9C2 cardiomyocytes were increased 16 h after OGD.LGUsignificantly inhibited the changes of these apop-tosis-related proteins. CONCLUSION LGU has a significant protective effect against OGD-induced H9C2 cardiomyocytes injury through inhibiting calcium overload,increasing ATP content,improving mi-tochondrial function and inhibiting apoptosis.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical effects of Achillon for the treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture (AATR).

METHODSFrom April 2009 to April 2010, 19 patients with AATR who were treated with Achillon were retrospectively analyzed. There were 17 males and 2 females, with an average age of 40.2 years (30 to 58 years). There were 9 cases of sports injury, and 2 case of fall injury. The time from injury to surgery ranged from 0 to 8 days (2.2 days on average). The results of Thompson test and single heel rise test were positive in 19 cases. Clinical data were assessed with the patient satisfaction and the AOFAS hindfoot score during follow-up.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 28 months (19.9 months on average). The average operation time was 41 minutes. There were no wound infections, recurrent rupture, or sural nerve complications. At the latest follow-up, 18 patients were totally satisfied with the surgical result, 1 patient feel generally due to mild pain when running. None of the patients were dissatisfied with the final results the latest follow-up. At the latest follow-up, the AOFAS score was 98.42 +/- 3.29 (89 to 100). All the patients regained normal range of motion and were able to resume their previous activities at six months after operation, with a high rate of satisfaction. Average decreased of mid-calf circumference was (0.82 +/- 0.85) cm (ranged from 0 to 3 cm).

CONCLUSIONTreatment with Achillon is safe, effective for AATR with low incidence of complications and early active rehabilitation can be carried out. It is a good method to treat AATR.

Achilles Tendon ; injuries ; surgery ; Acute Disease ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; instrumentation ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Suture Techniques ; instrumentation ; Tendon Injuries ; surgery

Humans ; Leukocytosis ; complications ; Lymphatic Diseases ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo explore whether there exists coincidence of the most appearing time of clinical features of liver cancer at different longitude and latitude, according to the law of field equation and the theory of warpage of space time by Einstein.

METHODSThree regions with different longitude and latitude were selected randomly and sampled. There were 36 items altogether, including 12 clinical items, which were used to imitate the yearly cycle cosine curve. The acorphases and the ratioes of amplitudes and means were compared to justifying whether they were in the same range.

RESULTSAll the acorphases of 36 items appeared between -90.1degrees to -207.5 degrees (from april to july), existing in one third of the same range, in which 13 items occurred rhythmly (P<0.05). The image acorphases of liver cancer at the early and middle stage and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase acorphase appeared between -98.5 degrees to -148.2 degrees (from april to may), in which 5 items occurred rhythmly (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONIt is the same mode of the yearly biologcal cycle for liver cancer malignant growth within the most appearing time (from april to july). It will increase the detecting rate of liver cancer at the early and middle stage during this time (especially from april to may).

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; physiology ; Chronobiology Phenomena ; Hepatocytes ; physiology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Mathematical Computing ; Periodicity

Objective: To explore influence of continuous thoracic paravertebral block(CTPVB)under ultrasound-guidance combined with general anesthesia on inflammatory reaction and homodynamic of patients who underwent thoracotomy.Methods: 138 patients who underwent thoracotomy were prospectively selected and were divided into observation group(69 cases)and control group(69 cases)as random number table.Patients of observation group received CTPVB under ultrasound-guidance combined with general anesthesia and that of control group received general anesthesia.The changes of IL-6,IL-10 and TNF-α postoperative 48h and postoperative VAS score between the two groups were compared.And the VAS scores postoperative 2h,12h,24h and 48h also were observed.Besides,the mean arterial pressure and heart rate between the two groups at various time point included tranquillization time(T0),the 15 min(T1)after CTPVB combined with general anesthesia,the time post induced intubation(T2),5 min post skin incision(T3)and the time pre extubation(T4)were compared and analyzed so as to research its influence on hemodynamic.Results: The IL-6 and TNF-α postoperative 48h of observation group were significantly lower than that of control group(t=15.95,t=46.99,P＜0.05).And postoperative IL-10 of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group(t=134.3,P＜0.05).And the VAS scores of observation group at postoperative 2h,12h,24h and 48h were significantly lower than that of control group(t=13.91,t=17.1,t=2.321,t=9.231,P＜0.05),respectively.Conclusion: CTPVB under ultrasound-guidance combined with general anesthesia can improve postoperatively analgesic effect for patients,and it don't affect patients' blood pressure and heart rate,and it can reduce inflammatory reaction of patients who underwent thoracotomy and promote rehabilitation of patients.

Objective To explore the relationship between plasticity ofhippocampus neuronal morphology and pathogenesis of epilepsy by observing the changes of mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in the hippoeampus of rat models of amygdala-kindling epilepsy.Methods Ninety male Wistar rats were randomly divided into epilepsy model group (n=40),drug treatment group (n=40) and sham-operated group (n=10).Models of chronic epilepsy were established by stimulating the amygdale; rats in the drug treatment group were perfused antiepileptic drug levetiracetam into stomach [100 mg/(kg·d),twice daily].At different observation time points (1,2,4 and 8 weeks after the treatment),Timm staining was employed to observe the changes of MFS; immunohistochemical method was used to detect the dynamic changes of P-gp.Results (1) After the success of model making,abnormal MFS levels in the hippocampal CA3 transparent layer were noted; lowest MFS scores were noted in S1 subgroup,which showed no significant difference as compared with those in sham-operated group (P＞0.05); the MFS scores in S2,S4 and S8 subgroups increased gradually with a peak level at 8 weeks after inducement,which showed significant difference as compared with those in sham-operated group (P＜0.05).No significant differences on MFS grading scores were noted in the drug treatment group between each two time points (P＞0.05).(2) The P-gp expression in the epilepsy model group showed significant difference at different time points (P＜0.05); highest expression level was noted at one week after the surgery,and returned to normal at four weeks.However,the P-gp expression showed no significant difference in the drug treatment group between each two time points (P＞0.05),except for 1 week after treatment.Conclusion MFS is the important mechanism of chronic epilepsy,and P-gp is the product of epilepsy,which is the main reason of epilepsy drug resistance.