OBJECTIVE: To upgrade the rational use of drug in China.METHOD: The importance of Chinese essential medicine policy in upgrading rational use of drug was analyzed by establishing the legal status of the current essential medicine policy.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS: The undesirable practice of the essential medicine policy was one of the key reasons for unsatisfactory situation of rational drug use in China.Only by legislating, law enforcing and publicizing can we upgrade the rational use of drugs

Adult ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; methods ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; complications ; therapy ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; Male ; Vena Cava, Inferior ; abnormalities

Arterio-Arterial Fistula ; surgery ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Catheterization ; Coronary Vessels ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

A certain amount of potassium chloride is required to correct the hypokalemia occuring commonly during perioperation,but the overdosage may be harmful. To investigate the proper dose of KCl,40 adult rabbits were randomly and evenly assigned to be intravenously infused with normal saline(group Ⅰ),or saline containing 4,25 or 50 mmol/L KCI (group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ),at rate of 10 ml?kg~(-1)?h~(-1) during operation respectively. As compared with those before operation,the serum level of potassium decreased significantly in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ, changed unsignificantly in group Ⅲ,and increased in group Ⅳ during and after operation;the potassium amounts in liver and skeletal muscles increased markedly after operation. S-T segment was depressed in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ,T wave became peaked in group Ⅳ, and ECG remained normal in group Ⅲ. it is indicated that intravenous KCl infusion at concentration 25 mmol/L and rate of 10ml?kg~(-1)?h~(-1) may properly correct the hypokalemia during perioperation,and the occurance of perioperatine hypokelemia may be related to the uptake of liver and skeletal muscles

Ten mongrel dogs,divided randomly into a control group (A) and a cerebroplegia group (B) ,were supported by closed-chest cardiopulmonary bypass,subjected to 2 hours of hypothermic circulatory arrest at 18 C. In group B, oxygenated asanguineous solution 50ml/kg was infused into the carotid artery at the onset of arrest. and 10 ml/kg was supplemented every 30 minutes during 2hours arrest. Nothing was infused in group A. Then all animals were rewarmed to 37 C and killed 6 hours later At five time points cerebral cortex was collected to study adnosine triphosphate (ATP),malondialde hyde (MDA) and ultrastructure. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded continuously. In group A, ATP content decreased gradually from the beginning of arrest to the end of the experiment (P

Antimony ; adverse effects ; Dust ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Pneumoconiosis ; diagnosis ; pathology

Adult ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To study the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and proliferation of hepatic blood vessel and fibrosis in hepatitis B (HB) patients. Methods The total RNA of VEGF was extracted from human liver tissues, and VEGF mRNA probe was acquired by RT-PCR. It was then labeled on hepatic tissues of 160 patients with HB and 10 healthy individuals (control group). Immunohistochemistry of VEGF was performed at the same time. Results The results of hybridization in situ showed that VEGF mRNA was negative in the control group. While in the HB groups, VEGF mRNA was located in the hepatic sinusoids, Disse′s space and hepatocyte cytoplast around the dilated sinusoids. Immunohistochemistry showed that VEGF was expressed in three patterns: the cytoplasm, sinusoid membrane, and sinusoidal endothelium. The expression strength and distribution range of VEGF were closely related with the grading and staging of HB, hepatic vascular inflammation, destruction, obstruction, proliferation and fibrosis. There was remarkable difference between different liver pathological changes (P

Objective:To construct an adenovirus-mediated anti-sense RNA targeting K-ras exon 1 of SW1990 cell line and observe its effect on ceil proliferation and apoptosis after transferred into SW1990 cell line.Methods:K-ras exon 1 cDNA was cloned into shuttle vector pShuttle-CMV and the resultant plasmid was confirmed by enzyme digestion and PCR.Clones with inverted insertion were selected and co-transferred into E.coli BJ5183 with an adenoviral backbone plasmid pAdEasy-1 to produce recombinant plasmid by homologous recombination.Recombinants were then selected and transfected into 293 cell line to produce recombinant adenovirus.Recombinant adenovirus production was confirmed by PCR analysis and was amplified and purified;the virus titer was determined.Ad-LacZ was used to infect SW1990 cells and the infection efficiency was observed by X-gal staining.SW1990 cells was infected with the recombinant adenovirus and their proliferation and apoptosis were determined by MTT and annexin V/PI FCM assay.Results:A 282 bp target gene fragment was acquired by PCR;the titer of recombinant adenovirus was 7.6?10~8 pfu/ml before purification by CsCl_2 gradient centrifugation and 5.0?10~(10)pfu/ml after CsCl_2 gradient centrifugation.When the recombinant adenovirus was at 100 MOI,the infection efficiency of SW1990 cells nearly reached 100%.The transfection of recombinant adenovirus significantly inhibited SW1990 cell proliferation(P

Objective To isolate and identify the chemical constituents of 95% alcohol extract in the fruits of Ailanthus altissima. Methods The compounds were prepared by repurification and their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses. Results Nine compounds were isolated and identified as ailanthone A [11?, 20-epoxy-1?, 2?, 12?-pentahydroxypicrasa-3, 13(21)-dien-16-one, Ⅰ], olean-9(11), 12-dien-3?-ol (Ⅱ), D-friedoolean-14-en-3-one (Ⅲ), ?-amyin (Ⅳ), cycloart-25-ene-3?,24?-diol (Ⅴ), hopane-3-one-22-ol (Ⅵ), n-tetratriacontane (Ⅶ), L-evonymitol (Ⅷ), D-mannitol (Ⅸ). Conclusion Among them Ⅱ- Ⅸ are isolated from the plants of Ailanthus Desf. nom. Conserv. for the first time.