OBJECTIVE: To enhance the standardization of prescription administration and to improve the prescription quality. METHODS: The administration method 6? was introduced. The five steps of defining, measuring, analyzing, improving and controlling (DMAIC) in 6? method were implemented step by step to realize the quality control on the prescriptions in outpatient service . RESULTS: The defective rates of prescriptions before and after the introduction of this method were18.75% and 5.78%, respectively(P

Objective To understand the development history and current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)management in children’s hospitals in China during the past 30 years.Methods A retrospective survey was conducted in 20 children’s hospitals,the investigated contents included:basic situation of hospitals, HAI management organizations and professionals,the support of hospital leaders for the management of HAI, training on HAI knowledge,monitoring on HAI,and so on.Results Up to 2015,20 hospitals all set up independent HAI management departments and HAI management committees,46.15%(6/13)of hospitals with more than 1 000 beds were understaffed in HAI management.There were a total of 88 professionals in HAI management in 20 children’s hospitals in 2015,53.41% (n=47)of professionals had bachelor degree,34.09% (n=30)were with intermediate professional title,46.59%(n=41)were nursing staff.Up to 2015,incidences and missing report rates of HAI,antimicrobial usage rates,incidences of HAI in neonates all decreased compared with 2006.In 2015,20 (100.00%)hospitals all carried out monitoring on antimicrobial application,multidrug-resistant organisms,disin-fection and sterilization,and provided personnel protective equipment.In 2015,9(45.00%)hospitals used non-tou-ch faucets in all wards,19(95.00%)hospitals supplied hand-drying paper towel and alcohol-based hand rub in all wards.None of professionals in these hospitals participated in national-level training on HAI for ≥3 times in 1996, professionals in 11 hospitals (55.00%)participated in national-level training for ≥3 times in 2015.Conclusion In the past 30 years,the management of HAI in children’s hospitals in China has basically met the requirement,moni-toring on HAI gradually improved,but allocation of HAI professionals and personnel quality ability still need to be strengthened.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of negative pressure suction during laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on rabbit retinal structure.Methods32 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into normal control, experimental control, negative suction 45 seconds and negative suction 3 minutes groups. Experimental control groups were treated only using eximer laser. In negative suction groups, rabbit eyes were suction for 45 seconds or 3 minutes by negative pressure generator. The tissues of optic nerve and retina both after negative pressure suction and of normal rabbit eyes were examined with electron and light microscope 0, 7, 14, 28 days after operation. ResultsThere was no change in the tissues of optic nerve and retina between normal control and experimental control. After the negative pressure suction for 45 s, the optic nerve and retinal cells changed lightly at different time point. After the negative pressure suction for 3 min, the optic nerve fibers and retinal cells changed sharply during postoperative instant to 14th days, which can be recovered until 28 days after operation.ConclusionUltrastructural changes of retina and optic nerve may be induced by acute intraocular pressure elevation caused by negative pressure suction during LASIK.

Objective Adhesion or too highly located folds upper eyelid and even hlepharoptosis are common complications after double eyelid operation. The method was designed to correct these de-formities. Methods The incision of upper eyelid was designed under the scar. Skin was resected between the former and the new double line, if there was excessive skin. Completely relieve the adhesion until nor-mal tissue was exposed. Expose lateral extension of retro-orbicularis oculi fat pad. An upper pedicle fat flap was formed after cutting tissues off along bilateral borders. Appropriately and transversely cutting lateral portion of the pedicle made it rotate inside downward with enough blood supply. The fat flap was fixed with released orbital fat and the lower edge of fat flat fixed with upper border of supratarsal to restorate the volume. For severe condition, fat granule injection could be used after the skin was sutured. Results 42 cases (80 eyes) were treated in the past two years. The deformities of 32 cases were corrected by the application of retro-orbicularis oculi fat pad. Fat granule injection was applied for the other 10 pa-tients meanwhile. 30 cases (60 eyes) were followed up for 6 to 24 months. The results were satisfactory. Conclusion The methods are performed easily and the results are satisfied. It is worth of recommenda-tion.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical features of acute urine retention (AUR) ocurring in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: Clinical data from 548 patients diagnosed with BPH were retrospectively studied, and the clinical parameters of these patients with or without AUR were analyzed by statistical methods. RESULTS: Development of AUR was found in 164 patients (29.9%). Patients' age, IPSS, maximum flow rate (Q(max)), residual urine volume, prostate volume, transition zone volume, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density, total PSA (tPSA) and free PSA (fPSA) including the ratio of free to total PSA(f/tPSA) were significantly different in the 2 groups (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in the disease duration and transition zone index between the 2 groups (P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that IPSS score, residual urine volume, tPSA, and Q(max) were risk factors for predicting the development of AUR. CONCLUSION BPH patient's age, IPSS, Q(max), residual urine volume, prostate volume, transition zone volume, tPSA and fPSA, and PSA density all influence the occurrence of AUR, in which symptom severity, residual urine volume, total PSA and Q(max) are the principal risk factors for prognosing AUR.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Retention ; epidemiology ; etiology

Objective Using Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life questionnaire (WISQOL) to compare standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL) and tubeless PCNL.Methods From January 2017 to June 2017,patients who met the criteria (no urinary tract infection,stones between 1-3 cm,hydronephrosis larger than 3cm,renal cortex thickness ＞ 2 cm and without serious heart,lung,liver and kidney dysfunction and coagulation dysfunction) and underwent PCNL were prospectively enrolled and randomized into 2 groups,standard PCNL group and tubeless PCNL group.Diclofenac sodium suppositories were used to relieve pain in all patients with obvious pain.The quality of life of these patients were estimated and compared by using WISQOL.Safety and efficacy were also estimated.Result At the end of the study,a total of 50 patients were included in the analysis.There were 24 patients in the standard PCNL group and 26 patients in the tubeless PCNL group.There were 9 male patients in the standard PCNL group and 17 male patients in the tubeless PCNL group.There was no significant difference in gender between the two groups.The differences between the standard PCNL group and tubeless PCNL group in mean age (yrs.) [(53.21 ±13.35) vs.(51.1 ± 11.5),P =0.55],stone diameter (mm) [(18.46 ± 5.58) vs.(18.75 ± 5.39),P =0.85],stone-free rate (23/24 vs.24/26,P =0.60),mean hemoglobin decline (g/L) [(11.87 ± 9.20)vs.(10.43 ± 8.49),P =0.56] were not significant.Mean dosage of acesodyne(pcs) in tubeless PCNL group (4.07 ± 1.49) was significantly less than that in standard PCNL group (7.54 ± 2.23).There were no patient need transfusion or postoperative fever management.The influence of perioperative quality of life of patients treated with tubeless PCNL is significantly better than those treated with standard PCNL in 16 items which includ energy,sleep,work and family,physical symptoms,concerns related to intimacy and travel,and general emotional well-being.Conclusion Tubeless PCNL can improve patients' quality of life compared with standard PCNL.

Objective To explore the effects and influencing factors of traditional occupational health training on occupational health literacy (OHL) of employees in micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises. Methods A total of 540 employees from 154 micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, who participated (347 employees) and not-participated (193 employees) in traditional occupational health training, and 171 community residents/students (not-participated in occupational health training) were selected as the research subjects using the convenient sampling method. The OHL level was investigated using Occupational Health Literacy Questionnaire of National Key Populations. Results The overall OHL level of employees was 43.3% (234/540). Among them, the overall OHL level of untrained and trained employees was 38.9% and 45.8%, respectively, and the overall OHL level of community residents/students was 43.3%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the higher the educational level, the higher the OHL level (all P<0.01). The OHL level of untrained and trained employees was higher than that of untrained community residents/students (all P<0.05). The interaction of education level and training status had no statistical difference on the OHL level of the research subjects (P>0.05). The results of factorial design analysis of variance showed that the overall OHL score rate of untrained employees and trained employees was higher than that of untrained community residents/students (all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in overall OHL score rate between untrained and trained employees (P>0.05). Conclusion The role of traditional occupational health training in improving the OHL level of employees in micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises needs to be improved. The responsibility of enterprise occupational health training should be implemented, and multiple measures should be taken to enrich the ways and approaches of occupational health education for enterprise employees, to effectively improve the OHL of workers.

Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of decitabine combined with chemotherapy in treatment of relapsed/refractory T lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia (T-LBL/ALL) with TP53 mutation.Methods:The clinical data of a T-LBL/ALL patient with TP53 mutation who had recurrence after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) treated with decitabine combined with chemotherapy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University in June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed and the relevant literature was reviewed.Results:The patient, a 42-year-old male, diagnosed as T-LBL/ALL with TP53 mutation by comprehensive examination underwent sibling-matched donor allo-HSCT after a second complete remission. The patient relapsed 8 months later and was treated with decitabine combined with CLAG regimen to achieve complete remission again. And then, he had leukemia-free survival until now through maintenance treatment with decitabine.Conclusion:Decitabine combined with chemotherapy may be a safe and effective treatment option for relapsed T-LBL/ALL patients with TP53 mutation after allo-HSCT.

Emerging and re-emerging RNA viruses occasionally cause epidemics and pandemics worldwide, such as the on-going outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we identified two potent inhibitors of human DHODH, S312 and S416, with favorable drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic profiles, which all showed broad-spectrum antiviral effects against various RNA viruses, including influenza A virus, Zika virus, Ebola virus, and particularly against SARS-CoV-2. Notably, S416 is reported to be the most potent inhibitor so far with an EC of 17 nmol/L and an SI value of 10,505.88 in infected cells. Our results are the first to validate that DHODH is an attractive host target through high antiviral efficacy in vivo and low virus replication in DHODH knock-out cells. This work demonstrates that both S312/S416 and old drugs (Leflunomide/Teriflunomide) with dual actions of antiviral and immuno-regulation may have clinical potentials to cure SARS-CoV-2 or other RNA viruses circulating worldwide, no matter such viruses are mutated or not.
Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus ; drug effects ; physiology ; Binding Sites ; drug effects ; Cell Line ; Coronavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; virology ; Crotonates ; pharmacology ; Cytokine Release Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; drug effects ; Leflunomide ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections ; drug therapy ; Oseltamivir ; therapeutic use ; Oxidoreductases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; drug therapy ; virology ; Protein Binding ; drug effects ; Pyrimidines ; biosynthesis ; RNA Viruses ; drug effects ; physiology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Toluidines ; pharmacology ; Ubiquinone ; metabolism ; Virus Replication ; drug effects