OBJECTIVE:To optimize the forming technology of Tongtong granules.METHODS:The category and ratio of the adjuvants were optimized taking moisture absorption percentage as index;the forming technology of Tongtong granules was optimized by orthogonal experiment with forming rate and moisture absorption percentage as indexes and with the ratio of extract to adjuvant,the concentration and amount of ethanol as factors.RESULTS:The optimal ratio of lactose to dextrin was 3:2.The optimal forming technology was as follows:the ratio of extract to adjuvant was 1:2;70%alcohol was used as the wetting agent with its amount at 12%(mL?g~(-1)).The Tongtong granules mobility enjoyed good flowability with a critical relative humidity of about 70%.CONCLUTION:The forming technology is feasible,stable,reasonable and reproducible and it serves as theoretic basis for industrial production.

74 cases of diabetes insipidus were reported in this paper. There were polydipsia,polyuris and low specific gravity of urine in all patients. Classification was determinedas follows: pituidary 64 cases (including idiopathic 44 cases, secondary 20 cases),nephritic 8 cases and unclassified 2 cases. Intracranial tumors should be paid altentionto rule out. 12 patients responded very satisfactorily to oral administration of singlechlorpropamide. In order to avoid hypoglycemia, an initjal dose of 10 mg/kg/24hr wasrecommended.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the therapeutic effect and cost-effectiveness ratio between chuanhuning and rib?avirin in treatment of viral pneumonia.METHODS:63patients with viral pneumonia were divided into chuanhuning and rib?avirin groups and pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness analysis was carried out.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:In treating viral pneumonia,there is a great disparity in price between chuanhuning and ribavirin,however,the costs of two groups were very close,and so were the cost-effectiveness ratios.Chuanhuning is better than ribavirin in paying.

OBJECTIVE To discuss the feasibility of the establishment of the ventilator management center.METHODS Through the investigation on the circumstances of the use of ventilator in 2005 to find out the risk factors of ventilator associated pneumonia(VAP).RESULTS In whole hospital-acquired infections cases,VAP occupied 54.3% in lower respiratory tract infections.CONCLUSIONS Ventilator management is an important and complex work and the establishment of a ventilator management center is a favorable measure to prevent nosocomial infections.It is not only grant the use of ventilator in emergency,but also reduces the incidence of nosocomial infections.It can raise the intact rate of ventilator use,reduce energy and human resources consumption greatly and create a good economic and social benefits.

OBJECTIVE To discuss the cause of CABG infection and its controlling methodology. METHODS In order to conduct comparative analysis of 40 cases of CABG incision infection and 40 cases of CABG without infection,the "rank sum test" statistical models were applied. RESULTS According to the analysis of statistics,the hospitalized days and costs in sample group with infection were higher than that of control group,and the difference had statistical significance.Compared with the control group,the hospitalized days of sample group with infection averagely increased 43.03 days(2.85 times),and the total hospitalized costs of it averagely increased RMB 84 314.38 yuan(2.02 times). CONCLUSIONS Apart from patients themselves,there are also many possibilities which will cause the infection,which request the on-going works on surgery skills improvement,standardizing the process of aseptic technique,disinfection and isolation,utilizing antimicrobial agents rationally,reducing patients′ hospitalized days before surgery,as well as improving the pre-operative management etc.

OBJECTIVE: To enhance the standardization of prescription administration and to improve the prescription quality. METHODS: The administration method 6? was introduced. The five steps of defining, measuring, analyzing, improving and controlling (DMAIC) in 6? method were implemented step by step to realize the quality control on the prescriptions in outpatient service . RESULTS: The defective rates of prescriptions before and after the introduction of this method were18.75% and 5.78%, respectively(P

OBJECTIVE Discuss the cooperative relationship between The Office of Nosocomial Infection Control("the Office") and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention("the Center") in hospital.METHODS The cooperative relationship between the Office of Nosocomial Infection Control and the Center were analyzed,the third degree A Class hospitals in Beijing area.RESULTS 25 hospitals had set up Centers.Among them,there are special stuff in charge of the report of the infection in 17 hospitals which had the Office with the function of the Center.So far,none of the Offices with the function of the Center can operate all the functions of the office.CONCLUSIONS The setup of the Center is to detect and control infectious disease on the basis of nosocomial infection control.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the clinical research on the optimized therapeutic regimen in the treatment of cerebral infarction. METHODS:The medication information of 1 738 cases cerebral infarction patients in 8 tertiary grade A hospitals in Shandong province between January 2003 and January 2005 was analyzed statistically. RESULTS:The majority cases were administered with dehydrants,thrombolytic,drugs that could prevent platelet from aggregation,improve cerebral circulation and cerebral metabolism,meanwhile,they were given the combined treatment,chiefly the supporting treatment,the cure rate and improvement rate were 92.69%,the mortality was 3.45%,automatic (without cure)hospital discharge rate was 2.42%,the medication was rational. CONCLUSION:Multi-application,long course of treatment,high prices,heavy economical burden were often the cases in the treatment of cerebral infarction. It is essential to conduct pharmacoeconomics study so as to the lessen patients' economical burden and obtain an optimized therapeutic regime.

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of infusion-related adverse events in third-party cord blood stem cell infusion. Methods A total of 305 patients successfully underwent haploidentical stem cell transplantation combined with the third-party cord blood(CB) infusion,were recruited by convenience sampling from January 2013 to December 2015,in hematological department of a tertiary hospital in Suzhou. A self-developed questionnaire and adverse event assessment scale were used to investigate the influencing factors. Results The rate of infusion-related adverse events was 49.51%,81.82% were related to cardiovascular adverse events with the high-est rate of hypertension(76.14%). Logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR=1.030,95CI%:1.010-1.051),HLA matching between CB and receptor (OR=0.589,95%CI:0.413-0.838),thawed CB cell activity (OR=1.064,95%CI:1.015-1.115)were major influencing factors. Conclusion Nurses should pay attention to patients who are elderly,with low matching HLA and receive thawed CB product with high cell activities,and provide timely nursing care in advance.

OBJECTIVE:To reduce the error rate of homing the withdrawn drugs in pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIVAS). METHODS:Using risk priority(RPN),the potential failure modes for links of homing the withdrawn drugs in PIVAS were evaluated by using failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) method. Combining with the links of homing the withdrawn drugs,the reasons for errors were investigated,the feasible scheme to reduce error rates was proposed and the intervention effect was evaluated after 3 months. RESULTS:In the PIVAS links of homing the withdrawn drugs,8 high-risk failure modes had been found in total,such as poor double check system(RPN was 100),unfamiliarity of seemingly drugs(RPN was 36),a large num-ber of the withdrawn drugs(RPN was 20),etc. Thus,risk control measures had been formulated,including reinforcing the double check system,optimizing the management system of PIVAS and so on. After 3 months of intervention management,RPN of the first 3 items were reduced to 20,16,8;error rate of homing the withdrawn drugs was reduced from 1.98% to 0.62%(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The application of FMEA management method in PIVAS of our hospital has reduced the error rate of homing the withdrawn drugs.