Objective To investitate the efficacy of cannabinoid-2 receptor (CB2R) activation in preventing liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice.Methods Forty-eight male C57BL/6J mice,weighing 20-30 g,were divided into 4 groups (n =12 each):sham operation group (group S),group I/R,CB2R agonist JWH133 group (group J),and CB2R agonist JWH133 + CB2R antagonist SR144528 group (group JS).Liver I/ R was produced by blocking the hepatic artery and portal vein for 30 min followed by 45 min of reperfusion in anesthetized mice.At 60 min before ischemia,JWH133 20 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally in group J,and JWH133 20 mg/kg and SR144528 30 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally in group JS.The liver was removed at 45 min of reperfusion for determination of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) and MIP-2 contents (using ELISA),and expression of TNF-α,MIP-1α,MIP-2 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA (by RT-PCR) in the liver tissues and for microscopic examination of the pathological changes.Results Compared with group S,the contents of TNF-α,MIP-1α and MIP-2 were significantly increased,and the expression of TNF-α,MIP-1α,MIP-2 and ICAM-1 mRNA was up-regulated in J and JS groups.Compared with group I/R,the contents of TNF-α,MIP-1α and MIP-2 were significantly decreased,and the expression of TNF-α,MIP-1α,MIP-2 and ICAM-1 mRNA was down-regulated in J group,and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in JS group.Compared with group J,the contents ofTNF-α,MIP-1α and MIP-2 were significantly increased,and the expression of TNF-α,MIP-1α,MIP-2 and ICAM-1 mRNA was up-regulated in JS group.The pathological changes of liver tissues were significantly attenuated in group J as compared with I/R and JS groups.Conclusion CB2R activation is effective in preventing liver I/R injury in mice and the mechanism is related to inhibitioni of inflammatory responses in liver tissues.

Fluoroquinolones are widely used in clinical practice, but their clinical application in juvenile patients has been controversial.The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics, indications and adverse reactions of Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin in minors.It is shown that the two drugs are effective for infectious diseases and no serious or persistent joint or skeletal muscle injury occurs in minors using the drugs.Hence, in the absence of alternatives, the benefits of Ciprofloxacin or Levofloxacin treatment for minors may outweigh the risks.

Objective:To analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics of measles virus (MV) in Beijing from 2015 to 2019, and to provide laboratory basis for measles elimination.Methods:Measles virus-positive throat swab samples were collected through the Beijing Measles Laboratory network from 2015 to 2019. After the viral nucleic acid was extracted, 450 nucleotide fragments of the C terminal of the N gene of MV were amplified by RT-PCR. Nucleotide sequencing was performed for the amplified products. The phylogenetic tree was constructed with the representative strains of WHO measles virus genotype D8 genotype reference strains in China and other countries. Genotype identification was conducted and the nucleotide and amino acid homology analysis was carried out. A descriptive analysis of measles cases with D8 and B3 genotypes was conducted.Results:From 2015 to 2019, the genotypes of 546 MV were identified in the city, including 531 of H1a genotype, five vaccine strains, one of B3 genotype, and nine of D8 genotype, among which eight were epidemic strains in 2019. The homology of indigenous H1a genotype MV nucleotide and amino acid was 91.5%-100.0% and 73.6%-100.0%.In 2019, all eight cases of D8 genotype measles were adults, with two being an outbreak and the remaining six sporadic cases.Conclusions:The imported D8 genotype had become the main MV genotype in Beijing in 2019. With the decrease of measles incidence in 2019, native genotype H1a was no longer dominant, while other different genotypes were imported, forming a mixed epidemic trend. It was suggested that in the elimination of measles in Beijing, efforts should be made not only to block the transmission of local measles virus, but also to prevent and control the import and continuous transmission of non-local genotype virus, so as to avoid the risk of establishing local transmission by gradually evolving into a dominant strain.