Objective To explore the distribution of pathogens and the characteristics of the urine pH values in urinary tract infection (UTI),and provide a new idea for clinical prevention and treatment of UTI.Methods The data of 606 strains of pathogens and the infected urine pH values from urinary samples of patients with UTI from January 2007 to November 2009 in our hospital were obtained.The distribution of pathogens was detected,and these pathogens were divided into 3 groups according to the genus.Urine pH value of different pathogens was analyzed.Results Among 606 strains from UTI,the group of escherichia ranked the first with 186 strains (30.7%),and the infected urine pH by this bacteria ranged from 6.21 to 6.33.A total of 152 strains of candida were detected (25.1%),and the infected urine pH value was from 5.81 to 5.95.There were 86 strains of enterococcus detected (14.2%),and the infected urine pH was from 6.10 to 6.28.By contrasting the infected urine pH of these 3 groups,the infected urine pH by candida was acidic significantly (P

BACKGROUND: Previous experiments have shown that transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1),matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) play an important role in chronic allograft nephropathy,but the mechanisms remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and significance of TGF-?1,MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in the renal tissues of chronic allograft nephropathy and normal renal tissues. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: A histological and morphological control observational experiment of cytology was performed at Pathological Laboratory of the 175th hospital from June to October 2008. PARTICIPANTS: The transplanted renal tissues extracted from 24 patients with chronic allograft nephropathy were used in the experiment,and the normal renal tissues in 10 patients were assigned as controls. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was performed in all the renal tissues. All the renal tissues were fixed with formaldehyde and embedded by paraffin wax. Then the sections were prepared with a thickness of 3 ?m,and were then closed with normal non-immune serum. Subsequently,the sections were incubated as follows: primary antibody,secondary antibody,streptavidin peroxidase complex,and diaminobenzidine (DAB),followed by HE counterstaining. The sections were cleared and coverslipped. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expressions of TGF-?1,MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in the renal tissues were observed by immunohistochemical staining. The relationships among TGF-?1,MMP-2 and TIMP-1,as well as between them and the grade of chronic allograft nephropathy were analyzed. RESULTS: Qualitative analysis: The TGF-?1,MMP-2 and TIMP-1 showed strongly positive expressions in the cytoplasm and membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells in transplanted renal tissues. Quantitative analysis: There were significant differences in expression of TGF-?1,MMP-2 and TIMP-1 between in transplanted renal tissues and in normal renal tissues (P