BACKGROUND:Intratubal contraceptive devices are simple and effective, which can cause less interference on female reproductive function and endocrine balance.
OBJECTIVE:To explain the advantages and adverse effects of shape-memory intratubal contraceptive material and other intratubal contraceptive materials.
METHODS:A computer-based search of Wanfang, CNKI and PubMed was performed to search related articles concerning shape-memory intratubal contraceptive material and other intratubal contraceptive materials published from 1996 to 2013.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The main intratubal contraceptive materials include memory metal biomaterials, non-degradable polymer biomaterials, and degradable polymer biomaterials. After implantation, the memory-shape intratubal contraceptive device plays a stimulating role in the tubal epithelium for a short time, but the effect on the mucosal epithelial layer of the fal opian tube is transient. With the increasing time of implantation, inflammatory reactions of the tubal epithelium relieve gradual y with repair of vil i on the tubal wal , indicating there is a reproductive tissue basis of fal opian tube recanalization. Polyethylene materials are characterized as high impact resistance, abrasion resistance, excellent stability to chemical drugs, water absorption, electric insulation, and bioinert, which are used as stent materials of almost al the intrauterine devices. Silicone is characterized as heat resistance, cold resistance, non-toxicity, resistance to biological aging, chemical stability, physical inertia, physical and mechanical properties, and silicone, after implantation into human body, cannot cause foreign body reaction. Polylactic acid has good chemical inertness, biocompatibility and ease of processing, and may be stil present in the body after 5 years of implantation.

Objective　To examine the soluble protein patterns of three ordinary species of cockroaches in Anhui province by SDS-PAGE technique, and to find the method of scientific classification for cockroaches. Methods　The soluble protein liquid was made by the way of freezing and melting homogenate. SDS-PAGE was carried out in the liquid. After using Coomassie brilliant blue G250, the molecular weight of all of protein strips were measured and calculated by standard curve. Results　The numbers of female and male of Periplaneta fuliginosa were 31 strips and 29 strips; the numbers of female and male of Periplaneta Americana were 30 strips and 28strips; the numbers of female and male of Blattella germarica were 28 strips and 25 strips. The number and location of protein bands were different among these species. It was also obvious that the positions of the main protein bands in Blattella germarica were different from those in two Periplaneta species, and the positions of the main protein bands in female insect were different from those in male insect. Conclusion SDS-PAGE can be used as one of classification methods for cockroaches.

Relying on the R3 GF program,the present paper attempts to analyze the standards of multi-sectoral social participation projects design and implementation,to construct the key indicators and to explore the experience and bias,as well as to provide recommendations on how to improve performance and outcomes of small grant projects by multi-sectors.

Based on the development of clinical radiobiology and combined with teaching practice for recent years,we have preliminarily surveyed the teaching reform about this curriculum and proposed some advices about the clinical radiobiology teaching reform.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between dietary -related behaviors of college students and their health , so as to provide the evidence for the health education for college students .Methods:A question-naire survey was conducted among 2105 college students from Xi′an Jiaotong University with stratified cluster ran-dom sampling .Results:In this survey , college students generally had unhealthy dietary behaviors , cognitive bia-ses of self-images and blind unhealthy weight -losing phenomenon as well .And there was a difference of dieting behaviors between college students of different sex and those of different body mass index .Conclusions:Unhealth-y dietary behaviors of college students were one of the main reasons leading to their abnormal BMI .Hence , it was necessary to improve health ethics education and dietary health guidance for college students , so as to introduce them to consciously assume their own health responsibilities and manage their health .

Objective To evaluate the changes in the expression of DJ-1 protein during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in diabetic rats.Methods Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-280 g,were used in this study.Type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin 65 mg/kg and confirmed by fasting blood glucose ＞ 16.7 mmol/L.Forty animals with type 1 diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into 3 groups:diabetes group (group D,n =10),diabetic sham operation group (group DS,n =15) and diabetic I/R group (group DIR,n =15).Another 10 non-diabetic rats in which citrate buffer 6 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally were served as control group (group C).Myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion in group I/R.At 120 min of reperfusion,5 rats were sacrificed and myocardial specimens were c(on)tained for determination of infarct size in groups DS and DIR,and 10 rats were sacrificed and myocardial specimens were obtained for microscopic examination and for determination of cell apoptosis,malondialdehyde (MDA) content,superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and expression of DJ-1 and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) protein.Apoptotic index (AI) was calculated.Linear correlation between the expression of DJ-1 protein and MDA content,SOD activity,AI and expression of PTEN protein was analyzed.Results Compared with group DS,the myocardial infract size was significantly increased in group DIR (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group C,MDA content and AI were significantly increased,SOD activity was decreased,the expression of DJ-1 was down-regulated,and the expression of PTEN protein was up-regulated in groups D,DS and DIR (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with groups D and DS,MDA content and AI were significantly increased,SOD activity was decreased,the expression of DJ-1 was down-regulated,and the expression of PTEN protein was up-regulated in group DIR (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between groups D and DS (P ＞ 0.05).There was linear correlation between the expression of DJ-1 protein and MDA content,SOD activity,AI and expression of PTEN protein and the correlation coefficients (r) were-0.734,0.593,-0.818,and-0.812 in turn.Conclusion Down-regulation of DJ-1 protein expression is involved in myocardial I/R injury in diabetic rats via decreasing anti-oxidative stress responses and upregulating PTEN protein expression.

12E7 Antigen ; Adolescent ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gonadoblastoma ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Isoenzymes ; metabolism ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristic and prognosis of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs( NSAIDs)and aspirin associated peptic ulcer bleeding. Method All patients with peptic ulcer bleeding were studied by the same researcher after admission and discharge. Results Fifty-one cases with NSAIDs and aspirin medication of the total peptic ulcer bleeding patients ( 147 cases) were included (34. 7% ). Compared with patients not associated with NSAIDs and aspirin medication, they are older [(41.2 ± 1. 9 ) years vs ( 59.4 ± 2. 2 ) years, P ＜ 0. 001], more commonly associated with hypertension ( 10. 4% vs 39. 2% ,P ＜0. 001 ), coronary heart disease ( 10. 4% vs 17.6% ,P ＜0. 001 ) ,diabetes (4. 2%vs 19. 6%, P = 0. 005 ); and had more severe anemia (7. 3% vs 23. 5%, P = 0. 008 ). Fewer patients in NSAIDs group had epigastric pain (61.5% vs 27.5%, P ＜ 0. 001 ), while there was more re-bleeding (9.4% vs 15.7%, P = 0.034). In all bleeding patients, factors associated with re-bleeding, surgical intervention and death included NSAIDs and aspirin medication, and low platelet count. In patients with NSAIDs and aspirin medication, re-bleeding was associated with previous ulcer history ( P ＜ 0. 05 ).Conclusion Peptic ulcer bleeding patients with NSAIDs and aspirin medication were more severe ill, and less likely to present with epigastric pain.

BACKGROUND:Transforming growth factor beta-1(TGF-β1)is a cytokine having variously biological effects in repair and renew of tissue injuries; meanwhile, tendon sheath fibroblasts and collagen Ⅰ play important roles in healing and desmoplasia of tendon.OBJECIVE:To study the effects of TGF-β1 on the proliferation and collagen production of tendon sheath fibroblasts.epitenon tenocytes and endotenon tenocytes in the three cell types of rabbit fexor tendon.DESIGN:Contrast observation study.SETTING:Department of Trauma Surgery,Affiliated Hospital of Medical College,Qingdao University.MATERIALS:The experiment was carried out in the Animal Laboratory,Affiliated Hospital of Medical College,Qingdao University from July 2004 to September 2005.A total of 6 adult New Zealand rabbits,of either gender,weighing 3.5-4.5 kg,were selected from Qingdao Experimental Animal Center.Collagenase was provided by Sigma Company;collagen Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ antibody by Sigma Company;TGF-β1 by Wuhan Boster Biology Company.METHODS: Three cell lines of tendon sheath,epitenon and endotenon were isolated from rabbit flexor tendon and cultured in serum culture media and then in serum-free culture media.In addition,the cells in the experimental group were added with 5 μg/L TGF-β1 in each well,but they were not added with any additive in the control group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Proliferation in the two groups was measured with cytometry at 1,2,3 and 4 days after culture.②Preduction of collagens Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ was measured with immunohistochemical staining at 4 days after culture.③Collagen contents of the three types were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)in the two groups;expressJon of collagen Ⅰ gene was detected with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).④Contents of collagen Ⅰ induced by TGF-β1 in various dosages of 0,5.10,15 and 20 μg/L were detected with ELISA technique.RESULTS:①Proliferated rates were similar in the two groups at 1 day after culture;however,proliferated rate of tendon sheath fibroblasts was rapidly increased, and there was significant difference as compared with that of epitenontenocytes and endotenon tenocytes(P＜0.05).②Expressions of collagens Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ:Immunocytochemical stain demonstrated that three kinds of cells could produce collagens Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ;while ELISA indicated that the contents of collagens in three types produced by tendon sheath fibroblasts were the most;in addition,content of collage Ⅰ was higher in the experimental group than that in the control group(P＜0.05-0.01).③Expression of collage Ⅰ gene of tendon sheath fibroblasts was increased as 1.3 times in the experimental group as that in the control group and there was signiflcant difierence(P＜0.01);meanwhile,expressions in epitenon tenocytes and endotenon tenocytes were also higher in the experimental group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).④TGF-β1 in the dosage of 5-10 μg/L had obvious effects on increasing production of collagen;however,production of collagen was not obviously changed when it was affeCted by TGF-β1 in the dosage of 10-20 μg/L.CONCLUSION: TGF-β1 can increase the production of collagen in tendon sheath fibroblasts,epitenon tenocytes and endotenon tenocytes and the expression of collagen Ⅰ gene. In addition, it is important for regulating level of TGF-β1 after tendon injury to prevent adhesion of tendon.