Angiogenesis is one of the important pathological characteristics in the development of tumor growth. Hence ,an?ti-angiogenes is has become a hot topic in the field of cancer research. The current strategy for anti-angiogenesis therapy is to restore the angiogenic balance which is broken in the tumor via either block of proangiogenic factorsor application of angiogenic inhibitors. Endogenous angiogenic inhibitors show more promising prospects compared with proangiogenic factor antagonists. However ,the un?derlying mechanisms for the angiogenic inhibitors remain to be thoroughly elucidated. There are two kinds of endogenous angiogenic inhibitors,one is the hydrolyzed fragments of precursor protein,such as plasminogen Kringle 5(K5),angiostatin/kringle 1~4,end?ostatin,etc;the other is cell secreted proteins,such as pigment epithelium-derived factor(PEDF),kallikrein-binding protein (KBP/kallistatin),antithrombin,etc. Here we summarized the research progresses on the biological functions,underlying mecha?nisms of tumor angiogenesis and application prospects of K5,PEDF,and KBP,so as to provide insights into the antiangiogenic ther?apies of tumor in the future.

Issues of Chinese medical health reform are analyzed and approached associated with the US federal medical health system. We made the suggestions that establish the public health service system covering both urban and country residents, push on the reform of medical insurance, drug circulation and medical system. We advocate that implement the scientific development view and hold the opportunity, impel the medical health reform in general.

Objective To investigate the effect of continued nursing education manual on surgical nursing education.Methods A continued nursing education manual was designed and applied to surgical nursing education.The effects were assessed by comparing the nursing training results before and after intervention by the manual in terms of nursing theory test,nursing techniques test.Results After the application of manual,the training coverage rate increased from 94.59%to 100.00%(P<0.05),the pass rate of theory test increased from 87.57%to 94.21%(P<0.05),and the pass rate of nursing skills test increased from 90.27%to 96.14%(P<0.05). Conclusion The continued nursing education manual is effective in improving the educational effect of surgical nursing.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by lack of expression of the estrogen (ER)and progesterone receptors (PRs) and the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2) that are commonly observed in other breast cancer subtypes.Treatment options are limited since the hormonal receptor and HER-2 antagonists are ineffective for TNBC.In contrast to non-TNBC,TNBC is more aggressive with higher recurrence,metastatic,and mortality rates.Besides further studies on cytotoxic drugs and chemotherapy regimens,More studies on potential targeted molecular treatment of TNBC should be strengthened.For the moment,potential targeted molecular treatment of TNBC including antiangiogenic agents,epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors and poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP).In contrast to their surprising anti-tumor effectivness in basic experiments,these targeted molecular agents show no promising results in clinical trials by now.This article aims to review advancements of targeted molecular treatment of TNBC in recent years.

Along with the mediated society,there are the problems in students'current media literacy,such as the alienation of media using,inability to distinguish'media reality'and'objective reality',lacking of media ethics and consciousness of self-discipline.Based on the analysis of these problems,in combination with the actual college education,we put forward the realization ways and the corresponding strategies to improve the students'media literacy.

Objective To retrospectively study histopathologic features of ulcerous colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) by endoscopic biopsy. Methods Data of age, gender and intestinal involvement of 106 cases of CD and 180 cases of UC confirmed by pathology were reviewed. Mucosal architecture, chronic inflammation, acute inflammation and epithelial features were evaluated based on histopathological criteria.These features were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with CD cases, UC showed significantly higher percentage of architectural disorders ( P ＜ 0. 05 ), lower percentage of discontinuous chronic inflammation ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) and higher incidence of cryptitis, crypt abscesses and polymorph cells in lamina propria (P ＜0. 05 ), and higher rate of epithelium damage, flattened and less mucous cell as well. Granuloma, pseudo pylorus glands metaplasia and narrow ulcer only occurred in CD cases. Lesions of 90% (162/180) cases of UC were limited to colon, while those of 28% (30/106) of CD cases to ileocecum, and those of 56% (59/106) CD cases involved different parts of gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion Diagnosis of CD and UC needs comprehensive analysis. Diagnostic evidence for CD includes focal involvement of ileocecum, the multifocal involvement in gastrointestinal tract, granuloma, discontinuous inflammation, pyloric gland metaplasia, while that for UC includes mucosal damage limited to colon, continuous chronic inflammation, architectural disorders, or epithelial damage.

BACKGROUND: Self-repairing capability of articular cartilage tissue is poor, due to lack of the distribution of vessels and lymph.OBJECTIVE: To concisely describe the research progress of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), including matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI), in vivo scaffolds, and related tissue engineering technologies, and to prospect the future developments.METHODS: A search across the databases of ISI Web of Knowledge and PubMed (1979 to February 2009) was performed, with key words of "articular cartilage, transplantation, stern cells, tissue engineering". As well, a search in the database of CNKI (1979 to Febraruy 2009) was performed with the key words of "articular cartilage, repair, tissue engineering". Contents referring to ACI,MACI, in vivo scaffolds and related tissue engineering technologies were included, while contents regarding to the clinical imaging of articular cartilage defects, intracellular signaling pathways in chondrocytes, or gene therapy for articular cartilage defects were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 824 articles were obtained from the preliminary search across the databases. Based on the nominated evaluation criterions to the outcome, analysis focusing on ACI, MACI, in vivo scaffolds and related tissue engineering technologies was performed. As the most successful treatment for articular cartilage defects in the past decade, ACI has undergone a significant development. Recent improvements of ACI include MACI, in vivo scaffolds and related tissue engineering technologies, which exhibit relatively more success in engineering and clinical practice. Nonetheless, limitations still exist and therefore, further researches are required. As a promising alternative of ACI, MACI is more and more widely used in clinical practice for treating articular cartilage defects these years. The long-term curative effect of MACI, however, requires further clinical data to confirm. In addition, other improvements of ACI, in terms of material science, cytology and molecular biology, have been also provided by the developments of in vivo scaffolds and related tissue engineering technologies.

Objective To investigate vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and TNF-α levels in the serum of patients with primary hepatocellur carcinoma(HCC),and to evaluate their relevance with the development and metastasis of HCC.Methods VEGF and TNF-α levels in serum were examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) technology in 87 patients with HCC and 10 healthy individuals.Results Serum VEGF and TNF-α,levels in HCC patients were significantly higher than that in the contorl group.In addition,HCC patients infected with hepatitis virus(including HBV and HCV) showed a remarkable elevation in serum VEGF and TNF-α levels.The VEGF and TNF-α levels in HCC with metastasis were also higher than those without metastasis.Conclusion The serum VEGF and TNF-α levels in HCC patients might serve as the pivotal biological indices that could reflect HCC progressien and metastasis.

Objective To investigate the effect of T cell vaccination(TCV)on the survival time of cardiac allograft in rat.Methods Rat heterotopic cardiac transplantation was performed,Donor antigenprimed recipients' spleen cells were obtained bv 1/3 splenectomy for the preparation of TCV.TCV was then intraperitoneally into the abdominal cavity again.The survival time of cardiac allograft was observed.Results TCV could markedly prolonged rat cardiac allograft survival.T cell proliferation was increased and B cell proliferation was not affected in the vaccinated rats.The mixed lymphocyte reaction(MLR)was inhibited,The analysis of phenotypes on T cells showed that the number of CD8+ clones in vaccine cells and vaccinated rat spleen cells were increased.The antibody-mediated cytotoxicity was not affected by TCV.Conclusions TCV enhances the recipients' T cell-mediated immune response.The TCV-induced hyporeactivity to specific donor antigen is related to the induction of anti-idiotypic response and is not associated with humoral mechanisms.

Objective:To explore the effect of Shenfu Injection (SFI) on expression of Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) in renal failure rats induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) and its possible mechanism. Methods:The model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion was induced by clamping superior mesenteric artery for one hour and then releasing the arterial clamp for six hours. Wistar rats were randomized into three groups:IR+normal saline group,IR+SFI group and control group (C group). The serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were observed respectively. Expression of HO-1 and iNOS in rat kidney tissue was detected by immunohistochemitry and morphometry computer image analysis. The histological change of kidney was observed under light microscope. Results:①Compared with C group,expression of HO-1 and iNOS increased markedly in IR+ normal saline group (P