Objective:Toexplore the effectofinsulin(INS) administration on the expression of Bcl-2 protein and the apoptosis of corneal histiocytes following rabbit model of corneal alkali burn.Methods:to establishⅡdegree rabbit model of corneal alkali burn,and respectively to inject normal saline(B group),INS(C group)in the subconjunction each day,and the normal rabbit eyes as controls(A group).The different time after operation the corneal samples were remove and fixed.the apoptosis of corneal histiocytes were detected by light microscope,electron microscope and transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick and labeling assay(TUNEL),the expression and alteration of Bcl-2 protein using immunohistochemisty.Results:The TUNEL positive cells were present slightly in the epithelium of normal comea and not present onstroma and endothelium.Bcl-2 were expressed mainly on the normal corneal epithelium,a lower number of Bcl-2 expression on stroma and endothelium.The TUNEL positive cells of group C was stgnificantly lower than that(P

Objective To investigate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV 1)specific CD8'T cell responses and related human leukocyte antigenⅠ(HLA-I)restriction sites.Methods Four Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)strains-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCL)from periph eral blood monocytes (PBMC)of 4 healthy individuals were established.Using synthesized peptides in HIV-1 Gag,Vif and Nef regions as epitopes and using BLCL as antigen presenting cells (APC), the frequency of interferon-7(IFN-?)secreting cells in CD8 T cells from a HIV-infected long term nonprogressor by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT)assay in vitro were assessed.Moreover, matching analysis of HI.A-Ⅰrestriction sites were performed.Results HIV-1 epitopes were presen ted restrictively by HLA-Ⅰmolecules in specific CD8 T cell responses,and this antigen presenting had high specificity.HLA-Ⅰrestriction sitesA03,A26,C04andC08 contributed to presentepitopes in HIV-1 C-ag region,A03 and C08 to HIV-1 Nef as well.Conclusion HLA-Ⅰrestriction sites may include A03,A26,C04 and C08 in HIV-1 Gag region,and A03,C08 in Nef region.

Objective To optimize the extraction of volatile oil from Qingjie Granules and process of inclusion compound of beta-cyclodextrin. Methods Water Distillation was used for extraction. Extraction time, grinding degree, and the amount of water were set as inspection factors, and volatile oil volume was set as the evaluation index to inspect extraction process of volatile oil from Qingjie Granules. With inclusion rate as the evaluation index, the single factor test and the Box-Behnken combined with the response surface method were used to choose the optimum inclusion process. Results The optimum extraction process for Schizonepetae Herba, Saposhnikoviae Radix and Forsythiae Fructus coarse powder should be with 10 times amount of water, extracting 3 h. Inclusion method should be saturated water solution method, and the inclusion process of volatile oil as feed and beta-cyclodextrin inclusion ratio was 1:12; the temperature was 40 ℃; inclusion time was 3.5 h. By means of TLC, UV and IR spectra, the formation of the inclusion compound of volatile oil in clear solution particles was preliminarily proved. Conclusion The optimum extraction and inclusion process of volatile oil from Qingjie Granules are stable and feasible, which can be used in industrial production.

HIV Infections ; virology ; HIV-1 ; physiology ; Virus Replication ; physiology

BACKGROUND:Recently, there is more and more attention on uric acid (UA), especially the correlation with cardiovascular disease in the filed of epidemiology; however, researches of the effect of UA on endothelial cells are lack based on cytology.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of UA in different concentrations on human umbilical vein endothelial cells line (ECV304), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazole-2)-2, 5-diphenyl thiazolyl blue (MTT)in vitro.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study based on ECV304.5ETTING: Department of Endocrine, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS:ECV304 was provided by Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA; DMEM Iow-glucose medium by Gibco Company, USA; bovine serum by Beijing Yuanheng Shengma Biotechnology Researching Institute; trypsin by Gibco Company, USA; MTT by Huamei Company; dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) analytical pure by Tianjin Bodi Chemical Engineering Co. Ltd.; UA by Sigma Company; NO kit and MDA kit by Nanjing Jiancheng Company; ordinary invert microscope and enzyme-linked immune detector IX70 invert microscope by Olympus, Japan;enzyme-linked immune detector by Eastern China Electron Tube Factory.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Department of Endocrine and Burning, the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from December 2003 to April 2004. Resuscitation, culture, regeneration and inoculation of endothelia cells were undertaken Cell Culture published by Situ et al. Endothelia cells were cultured with non-serum DMEM for 24hours so as to maintain synchronization at the phase of G0/G1 and divided into 4 groups, including control group, low-concentration UA group, moderate-concentration UA group and high-concentration UA group. Each group was divided into 3time points, including 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours with 8 samples in each time point. Samples were added with 5％serum medium containing 0 mmol/L, 0.1 mmol/L, 0.2 mmol/L and 0.4 mmol/L UA in control group, low-concentration UA group, moderate-concentration UA group and high-concentration UA group, respectively, and incubated in box with the volume fraction of 0.05 CO2 at 37 ℃. Twenty-four hours later, MDA and MTT were detected; additionally, MTT was detected once more after 48 and 72 hours.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proliferation of ECV304 and content of NO and MDA.RESULTS:With the increasing concentration of UA, content of MDA was decreased to (2.97±0.05),(2.89±0.09),(2.78±0.10) and (2.44±0.03) μmol/L, respectively; content of NO was (6.86±1.41), (12.5±2.7), (18.9±1.8) and (21.1±1.4) μ mol/L. Absorbencies of NO and MTT were increased and proliferation was increased remarkably at 48 hour.CONCLUSION: A which is characterized by anti-oxidation may promote proliferation of vascular endothelia cells and release of NO.

ObjectiveTo search a proper method for calculating the energy requirement in the patients with diabetes.MethodsBased on the energy metabolic characteristic of the patients with diabetes and main effective factors of energy requirement,such as age (A),height (H),weight (W),activity factor (AF)and climate factor (CF),we have established a formula:E(kcal)=[(H-A)×6+500÷WI2]×AF×CF.ResultsThis formula is of accuracy and applicabi-lity,compared with traditional method for calculating energy requirement.ConclusionIt is available that this method is used in dietotherapy of patients with diabetes.

Objective To determine whether altered expression of apoptosis pathway genes is related to different apoptosis susceptibility of prostate cancer cells. Methods Androgen sensitive and insensitive prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and PC 3 were cultured and treated by etoposide,and apoptosis were determined using Hoechst 33258 staining.The cells were harvested and the total RNA was extracted.cDNA probes were prepared and labeled with biotin 16 dUTP,then hybridized to commercially available cDNA arrays including apoptosis pathway specific genes. Results Apoptosis were induced in both PC 3 and LNCaP cells by etoposide,however,PC 3 was more resistant than LNCaP.Compared with LNCaP cells,the 4 fold down regulated genes in PC 3 cells were Bcl10,CIDE A,GADD45a,RIP2,caspase 4,5 and 6,while the 4 fold up regulated gene in PC 3 cells was TRAF4.Caspase 14 and TNFR2 were most strongly expressed genes in the 2 cell lines. Conclusions The altered expressions of apoptosis pathway specific genes are related to the different apoptosis susceptibility,and this may make an important contribution to androgen insensitive state of prostate cancer cells.

The neurosurgery clinical practice is difficult and important for most undergraduate. The reasons come not only from the development of neurosurgical science,but from shortage of contents in basic peviod,so in clinical education the re-teaching of basic neurosurgical knowledge is important. Teachers should make full use of clinical resources to fulfill this teaching aim and the emphasis should be neuroanatomy and neurophysiology.

Objective To investigate the influence of extract of schisandra chinensis and paeonia veitchii on level of cytokines in asthmatic rats .Methods SD rats were randomly divided into three groups :Chinese medicine-treated ,untreated asthma ,physiologi-cal saline control groups .The tracheal pathology and symptom of different groups were observed ,then cytokine expressions in ser-um were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA ) .Results Chinese herb extract obviously improved tracheal pathology and airway symptoms .The levels of IL-4 ,IL-6、IL-13 in serum of Chinese medicine-treated and untreated asthma groups were significantly increased ,while the IFN-γ expression was reduced .But after treatment of Chinese herb extract ,compared with untreated asthma group the IFN-γexpression was significantly increased in Chinese medicine-treated group .Conclusion The effect of extract of schisandra chinensis and paeonia veitchii could reduce airway inflammation of asthma rats may by significantly in-creased IFN-γexpression .

Objective To search a proper method for calculating the energy requirement in the patients with diabetes.Methods Based on the energy metabolic characteristic of the patients with diabetes and main effective factors of energy requirement,such as age (A),height (H),weight (W),activity factor (AF)and climate factor (CF),we have established a formula:E(kcal)=[(H-A)?6+500?WI 2]?AF?CF.Results This formula is of accuracy and applicabi- lity ,compared with traditional method for calculating energy requirement.Conclusion It is available that this method is used in dietotherapy of patients with diabetes.