Objective: The strategies against epilepsy are currently very limited. The author performed this work to determine the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on epileptic seizures and define the optimal EA conditions (acupoints and stimulation parameters). Methods: Experimental epilepsy was induced by injecting kainic acid into the lateral cerebral ventricle of adult male SD rats. EA with a current of 1 mA/100 Hz or 1 mA/10 Hz was applied to the model starting at 0.5 h after the injection for 30 min. Four pairs of acupoints were tested, including Renzhong (GV 26) + Dazhui (GV 14), Jinsuo (GV 8) + Yaoqi (Ex-B 9), Neiguan (PC 6) + Quchi (LI 11) and Fenglong (ST 40) + Yongquan (KI 1). Results: Behavioral scores showed that (1) either high (100 Hz) or low (10 Hz) frequency EA at different acupoints attenuated epileptic seizures (P<0.05 or 0.01 vs. the control), except EA at Neiguan (PC 6) + Quchi (LI 11) with 1 mA/10 Hz current; (2) EA with low frequency stimulation (10 Hz) induced a better effect at Fenglong (ST 40) + Yongquan (KI 1) than other acupoints (P<0.05 or 0.01); (3) there was no significant difference in EA effects induced by various acupoints when exposed to high frequency EA (100 Hz); and (4) high frequency EA (100 Hz) elicited a better effect than low frequency EA (10 Hz) in all groups (P<0.05 or 0.01) except for that of Jinsuo (GV 8) + Yaoqi (Ex-B 9). EEG showed the similar tendency, i.e., EA generally reduced the amplitude and frequency of epileptic discharges. Conclusion: Electroacupuncture attenuates epileptic seizures, which is relatively specific to EA parameters and acupoints.

Objective To investigate the value of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI) in gross tumor volume definition and localregional recurrence/distant metastasis prediction in nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC). Methods From Jun. 2008 to Feb. 2011, each of 36 patients with or without Iocalregional recurrence and/or distant metastasis treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy in our hospital was matched in this study. The difference of apparent diffusion coefficient ( ADC) values between these two groups was compared by t-test method. The conventional MRI and DWMRI before treatment were centrally reviewed to evaluated whether DWMRI would benefit to the definition of gross tumor volume.Results The mean ADC value were (0. 753 ±0. 091) x 10 -3 mm2/s and (0. 793 ±0. 094) x10-3 mm2/s in treatment failure group and control group, respectively ( t = - 1. 79 ,P = 0. 078) . The extension of gross tumor volume were much more outstanding in DWMRI when compared to conventional MRI. DWMRI predicted localregional recurrence more accuracy than conventional MRI in one patient . Conclusions DWMRI is help to definition of gross tumor volume. The ADC value before radiotherapy can not predict the localregional recurrence and/or distant metastasis for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Kasabach-Merritt syndrome(KMS) is a massive haemangioma with thrombocytopenia and consumptive coagulopathy. The histopathology of KMS is thrombocytopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with massive haemangioma.A standard treatment regimen for KMS has not been established. Therapy includes surgery, embolism and medicine(steroids,α-interferon , immunosuppressant , etc).

Objective To investigate the effects of exogenous fragile histidine triad(FHIT) gene on apoptosis of human glioma cell line U87. Methods By the method of liposome transfection,plasmids pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-)B-FHIT and pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-)B were transfected into glioma cell line U87.U87 cells were divided into three groups: U87-FHIT group,U87 cells transfected by plasmids pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-)B-FHIT;U87-vector group,U87 cells transfected by plasmids pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-)B;and blank control group,U87 cells without transfection.The expression of exogenous FHIT protein was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining.The effects of FHIT on the growth characteristics of U87 were observed by MTT and flow cytometry. Results Growth inhibitory rate and apoptosis rate of the cells in U87-FHIT group were significantly higher than those in U87-vector group and blank control group(P

Fragile histidine triad(FHIT) gene is a tumor suppressor gene that locates on chromosome 3p14.2.FHIT can induce cell apoptosis and inhibit cell growth by activating caspase,inhibiting PI3K-Akt-survivin signal pathway and phosphorylation of I?B-?,and binding with microtube.The inactivation of FHIT is closely related with carcinogenesis.The advances in research on the structure,biological function,relationship between inactivation and carcinogenesis,and gene therapy of FHIT are reviewed in this paper.

B-Raf kinase (BRAF) gene is a driver mutation,and is an effective target in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Studies have shown that BRAF inhibitors are effective for treatment of NSCLC with BRAF mutant.It is important to understand the clinicopathologic features and the research progress of BRAF inhibitors for the individual treatment of NSCLC.

Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs)and anti-angio-genic drugs have individually demonstrated clinical benefit in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Recent studies demonstrate that the combination of anti-EGFR and anti-angiogene-sis can more significantly enhance clinical benefit,and even can remit EGFR-TKIs resistance in the treatment of advanced NSCLC.According to the different kinds of anti-angiogenesis drugs,recent clinical studies mainly include the combination of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody bevacizumab plus EGFR-TKIs and multi-targeted receptor anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor plus EGFR-TKIs,and the for-mer results show a more significant improvement in terms of safety and efficacy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC.Therefore,the combination of bevacizumab plus EGFR-TKIs can be used as a new treatment standard in the treatment of some patients with NSCLC.

OBJECTIVE: To provide proposal for government on dealing with the relationship between commercial and social property of drugs.METHODS: Multi-stakeholders subjects and their interrelation in the listing decision of drugs were investigated using game model.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Innovation level of pharmaceutical industry (P),profitability of drugs operator (E),other factors affecting the proceeds of drug operators (K),additional gold cost of drugs (C1),additional cost of gold drugs sale (C2) were confirmed to be the key factors which affected the listing decision of drugs by pharmaceutical manufacturers.Governments are suggested to ensure the rational and fair use of drugs in public by policy supports,encouraging drug innovation and make-up on difference of drugs in medical institutions,optimizing benefit components of medical institutions,creating evaluation criteria for "listing value" and "necessity in clinic" of drugs.

Disruption of blood supply to the femoral head and subsequent hypoxia are implicated in the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH),which frequently leads to the progressive collapse of the femoral head,thus causing degenerative arthritis of the hip joint.But the pathophysiology of osteonecrosis of the femoral head has not been completely elucidated.It is accepted that steroids and alcohol intake are two most common causes of ONFH.Now many theories have been proposed to decipher the etiology and pathogenesis of ONFH,including abnormal lipid metabolism,elevated intraosseous pressure,intravascular coagulation,second collision theory,etc.The purpose of this review is to summarize the etiology and pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

[Objective]To investgate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in osteonecrosis of the femoral head during the repairing with biodegradable strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate in glucocorticoid-induced rabbits.[Method]Twenty mg/kg methylprednisolone was injected into right gluteus medius muscle at intervals of 24 hours for three times in 21 adult male Japanese white rabbits.Three rabbits were killed randomly at 2 weeks after methylpednisolone injection,both the femora and humeri were histologically examined for the presence of osteonecrosis. The remaining 18 animals with a total of 36 cylindrical 2.5?5 mm femoral head defects were created following the trapdoor procedure. Eighteen animals with femoral head bone defects were randomly divided into three groups. Group A:the defects filled with strontium-doped calcium polyphosphat,Group B:the defects filled with calcium polyphosphate and Group C:the defects filled with autologous cancellous bone alone. Roentgenographic and histological examinations were performed postoperatively. Finally,immunohistochemical analysis using monoclonal antibodies anti-VEGF was performed.[Result]No hip joint dislocation occurred. In Group A,the results of VEGF expression had a significantly difference from those in the other groups 12 weeks after operation. Most of the biodegradable strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate was resorbed and was largely replaced by newly formed trabecular bone at 12 weeks. While in Group B,a major part of defect were repaired. New formed trabecular bone in the defect was very thin. In Group C,morsellized cancellous bone was completely surrounded by fibrous and newly formed trabecular bone. [Conclusion]VEGF expression in the defect of osteonecrosis of the femoral head during the repairing with biodegradable strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate may play a role in stimulating vascular invasion and granulation tissue formation.This may be an important step toward facilitating the resorption in the osteonecrosis,thus impooring the repairing proceduce of femoral head defect.